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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 v& A- e/ x1 ?& c7 g
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?4 Z" a8 `+ q; t$ X+ {% ~) z4 T
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.' m0 o8 ~6 ~4 Z+ h( t( x
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.3 U: h5 a8 `& E
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
i5 e8 ]! [' L3 q! x6 \Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.6 e; O7 |1 N" `/ {( s N# B4 L3 V
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
v8 T! H- Z/ C* {The country codes used are :5 I3 n4 ~9 D+ ^3 J- T* ~, [+ R
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CODE \COUNTRY
6 _# R8 \. N3 ~# \# p& o00-13 USA & Canada
4 H9 n2 _& g* t20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)9 X6 l+ M9 x' H/ F& ~2 T/ W
30-37 France8 W6 O1 h2 j9 |. x) ?2 u9 E
380 Bulgaria! k: e9 f. G: ]$ b) V
383 Slovenia
/ ]# ?2 K! q+ t" f( o385 Croatia
& D8 P% B) }9 B2 t0 R5 X387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
) Q' l x$ M, C) l3 e400-440 Germany6 I7 {) R- p( f
45 Japan
* w: {' y! B6 r+ a* S$ d46 Russian Federation+ P, D2 |6 e0 d* g# Q
471 Taiwan
8 X/ W2 o/ x$ D4 L474 Estonia% A! e3 v! D6 ?6 G
475 Latvia# T, y, L7 o- w( y( Y
476 Azerbaijan
1 h# A% r6 d+ y2 |; N R3 l477 Lithuania" @' y( c% C& e# a! r
478 Uzbekistan4 j6 j+ g. _9 N3 B. N8 h
479 Sri Lanka+ a6 K: n4 V. c8 L
480 Philippines% u: h- P$ v7 E6 V2 [, z) N
481 Belarus
% v4 ^, C0 K1 J, {' J; ?, A482 Ukraine/ B! K8 N8 z6 {2 T& W
484 Moldova/ K; u2 J. m+ @- \" a- c9 Z1 u
485 Armenia
; Z1 c$ ?) E+ k2 A486 Georgia, e2 ^5 d( R' [& A. c
487 Kazakhstan
& c: e, U- I- y' t$ K489 Hong Kong: s& @& p3 J% z6 w( r& x
49 Japan( i9 K; `' e- F
50 UK5 d* a4 V+ C, A) J# G3 h# P' e
520 Greece
( x6 ]9 \7 s* f" F& |528 Lebanon$ C, m, v( g" e+ G! q9 Y5 E2 C, H' ^- v
529 Cyprus
' Y4 `) M* ^! h- y531 Macedonia
) J$ { j8 M0 W; Z1 o; q2 N535 Malta$ c0 D& p. u! C, F( g q
539 Ireland
Q$ w7 b5 S0 [54 Belgium & Luxembourg' B5 L! k' L4 A# P7 p( j
560 Portugal
/ ~1 H$ f& w1 C. ^569 Iceland
3 p$ i5 [. d B1 q2 S' u) C57 Denmark6 @+ q6 c, n+ t: F* T% @& Z
590 Poland0 i4 I M6 T. D, }
594 Romania
/ ~+ O* R& P: A: C- p4 U! u; G599 Hungary
$ S- w( z7 d4 `1 D1 w600-601 South Africa
, ?5 L+ s9 p5 u609 Mauritius# D( p: l+ p/ y* q2 P$ @- k
611 Morocco, m( W! ]" i4 O+ m* q
613 Algeria* c5 ]6 g' F" o7 Q
619 Tunisia; V8 Q: Y" d9 z9 _
621 Syria
0 l6 f( B$ J5 Z. b- O, M622 Egypt
" R+ b! q0 L {9 A7 O8 C624 Libya" J- K V6 j: v2 J
625 Jordan4 C0 }. F' ~1 H% w
626 Iran9 r0 |, { j" T, n' m
627 Kuwait
2 L6 p! @* _/ b$ I628 Saudi Arabia
9 h& T G1 q$ ]: L. W629 United Arab Emirates
: S# T2 `8 [7 @4 x9 J64 Finland. m" C1 ]2 V$ V! ]1 ^; a
690-692 China, f V2 s* G# j
70 Norway
" `! w7 t4 o& C" F& E* X729 Israel" I( ?% c$ I3 m3 k: e% ^ ]
73 Sweden/ r9 [* U1 z, \7 g, }; V
740 Guatemala+ m4 R# n2 v0 E X
741 El Salvador
: _9 R9 y- c9 g742 Honduras* ~7 j" F: Q+ V' O% y, U- N
743 Nicaragua
9 d4 n6 Y0 e0 ^' |4 X$ Z744 Costa Rica# k. D2 {2 T% p, k9 ]; H+ y
745 Panama- d* I- D9 ]& W% w+ g$ I9 e
746 Dominican Republic: r+ R7 K3 f8 u* [7 _' m4 B8 R8 n
750 Mexico( g; m2 a/ u7 [0 u6 Y0 J H
759 Venezuela
/ ~+ C2 l! a8 {! S' L# @: G76 Switzerland! E+ F& p' K- ?6 a
770 Colombia8 R$ c( E4 v6 T& \$ C v( o. J
773 Uruguay
5 A" ?# p; d+ r. X775 Peru
& x o/ f- C/ I% Z1 W. c777 Bolivia
/ b5 p% |7 w% J779 Argentina# P1 H8 E- T$ R1 w! d, g: r( Z: y0 Q
780 Chile) x# c' _* \% w
784 Paraguay
4 I3 X. a4 a, V. f1 ~785 Peru
, n5 n# g6 [0 n3 _6 `' f786 Ecuador6 n9 v8 V1 ]$ j3 }+ \# b# B; T
789 Brazil
5 W5 j8 R) p$ H8 D80-83 Italy$ A% N; _9 ^) X' j, d6 F
84 Spain
2 }8 m* v. ?0 f- `) i$ S7 c# c850 Cuba
8 w- i6 x2 \# L" F! J/ v858 Slovakia* S% s7 d7 `- Y# O" N
859 Czech Republic
+ Y$ V) N, p. |- z8 t- t5 Y* A860 Serbia & Montenegro
$ y6 i) z5 l. d869 Turkey
* R4 m' U5 S% S, {1 F+ q87 Netherlands
( J. f# d8 n0 o1 P880 South Korea
$ Q/ p7 T* O2 N$ t/ J# N" w) _885 Thailand
* Z' u8 G3 }1 l5 G( @7 K' R888 Singapore; \/ X$ T7 G+ T# `# e8 [
890 India
0 O2 U1 o0 S0 K! G. c N893 Vietnam
. R! m5 [/ ]* @/ _6 Q$ Z! v899 Indonesia
2 A( t" F& r; e2 P+ M% E) a6 K90 -91 Austria
6 k( H. a- E2 y) ?93 Australia# }/ J6 {) V6 g* N* J
94 New Zealand1 | j z5 B. |" t/ b; \, B- I
955 Malaysia' J4 q* P; ?) P0 |
958 Macau
& L6 r; p1 m( }% I, x) R! S977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)) o6 Z k' s* o
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)( T; J! ?( y& @ |* E/ _
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm# I9 `" ?) k. j8 _& ?- R/ {
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