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发表于 2019-5-15 09:00
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Black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on an ancient saying that presumed black swans did not exist – a saying that became reinterpreted to teach a different lesson after black swans were discovered in the wild.4 S% ^( V9 o' }& u. ], t
6 c7 p! y6 B' K1 R$ XThe theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb to explain:9 `# W, @8 z4 U" U! f
5 O M& T* X1 @- }- e9 M1. The disproportionate role of high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare events that are beyond the realm of normal expectations in history, science, finance, and technology.
* W5 y7 u" n+ E1 C7 F2. The non-computability of the probability of the consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the very nature of small probabilities).) i4 {" `9 [$ O; H1 [/ n
3. The psychological biases that blind people, both individually and collectively, to uncertainty and to a rare event's massive role in historical affairs. |
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