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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑
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5 e$ s# e; W2 K E( b# chttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China$ o. [, |$ G/ L$ n* |8 C; e
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
* x) Z, N( M* M# f; lFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
2 U4 K/ t/ [% F) h
- J0 n" W/ \0 j: K9 h5 `7 R; xLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
! [1 ?( A/ k$ B7 h }2 y3 Q. @Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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& @9 z5 |. F8 X3 u, F9 YSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .: V+ ?4 ?7 a. b/ m
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018! G) W/ z! r# {- H2 h
Published online 26 January 20188 j% E3 E* X# E) u
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* T/ b% C6 k4 y9 wAbstract
( B" Q8 d9 ^2 j1 R/ ^* W" SJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
( m6 ^9 W: x& o& U, l5 FDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
2 x4 ]- n# X* QTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been1 ]( L3 e( z9 K1 J* p
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not$ u+ _6 k( J- `) r8 e
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
6 ~) f8 y# P5 `2 N$ y1 t4 [; M7 kworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly7 K7 m! p% J/ t @; N& f) i5 N
to the standardization of the scientific terminology8 O+ K& L1 J& j9 H# n8 w l
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s; T) M# s2 R# V' R8 e+ o6 Z
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas, G1 x9 L: s7 Q% i8 b
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the( f) E4 U b4 e% ^3 Z
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
0 _" J; C' L: a& X$ X( Rin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien( e1 Y- Z2 A P. x0 W. {/ n
he established had helped greatly with the popularization b9 ~" ] {. h0 _7 H! i
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring E7 u' Y& n/ y u! f4 e3 U
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way7 u3 O: i: U% X
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
2 x' R% ~4 b0 Othat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a [8 Y" R4 J+ f( I' D) m+ e& W" V: k
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
9 o$ C# }7 P C" {/ K7 q! I/ N% a! {terminology.8 H' L& y. N- @/ J- p! I# N: x4 M
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
9 s& c. k# ?/ X8 | a: `7 k) c- DStandardization of terminology translation
9 A9 O0 Z: I& @8 i$ Q' r# k$ SYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to4 L/ b" B! x5 x, W
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
! l+ j6 O4 G' o( A4 {2 }China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available! s, l9 |. J V8 {4 r" M
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102135 b. b4 A/ S/ g* X
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213* d: _* D' a9 ]2 E2 U: B
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INTRODUCTION
/ C- I+ v, z4 mJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and( t+ u' ]0 H. d5 r' ~4 d8 R1 H
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
6 N& @, Y3 G( {9 u p* c9 fDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
+ I) Z1 m, X G3 e2 pHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
8 P5 ^4 N) c- g& J9 J5 N# mSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed# O/ v1 y( f/ M, t/ e, p& v* Y
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as7 { K" Y6 _/ f
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on/ Z( v& m1 i, @: f0 c' a4 Q: N
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
* W3 N* E9 K6 D5 D0 Z6 c: Z$ n1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
' P% u' z) n0 A' ~5 n3 @ y; K9 iworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,$ Q/ ?* A' } B: f
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.6 d2 g1 Y) a! x. g: Z2 V7 N
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated7 Y- x2 n" B$ l" k. j# f
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant2 G, W, B3 P+ P. @6 s
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
; v( J0 Y) L) F- @3 mrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
, C J8 E" ^) A y rFryer translated more than one hundred of Western2 q- L. ]7 Q$ H6 U; j$ ]
books that made him the most productive one among the
7 J1 O/ }( C9 Qforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,% F; ~4 x# s- S: `7 W
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a B! K7 B7 ^! P7 z# R# x* b5 W
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
) ~, a& F3 q) [ dpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).6 t. ]* Q4 @8 A ?* D
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer: i( P% m( W4 a! ?& U$ U
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
6 l4 I; c9 L3 L: A$ f' K* Tscience and the standardization of translated scientific) n* Q3 y4 S5 F6 L/ R a6 b2 u
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific! l$ r! x u* W) v2 V. c
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the/ l: [9 `. q, i4 d4 I( _' a/ A1 w0 @7 [7 W
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
; y* k: \) k |. t' J2 L- E, H5 B# lcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
. B* B5 a+ v% u9 I& {0 _0 ^of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in9 K$ Y1 f% S1 |% z) c7 N
Modern China.
9 Y. g/ I7 p$ r3 b5 rAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published1 G# E9 w9 {* Y# D
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of2 R. m: ~7 ~* s9 M4 U' ^
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing O9 l Q0 l6 @0 m
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
" r* v" [6 j- [2 B5 n, ^3 J5 }+ \John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and( X- _" X+ W9 d% R- d
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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