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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106884 f2 A2 r+ a) n. U3 f
$ I6 d3 f9 m! yJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
$ o+ X E4 C5 HYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of, G' z! N2 W3 m, w G) ]3 W+ @ N% k
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) j1 d9 W: r0 H& Y, lFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.. Z4 f/ x, [$ B# H4 D+ l
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
" `% O8 C% g/ ?/ R& u4 s6 aReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 m( {: x. j( A' ^( t) S6 X
Published online 26 January 20189 x' N1 i0 r' k; D2 k0 b: t
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Abstract5 [7 h1 k) |! I+ r% C
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
; X/ f) s% R2 fDynasty who came to China and was employed by The* a) i6 @: I! W" E b. O
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
2 w+ ?! U: D+ e- o1 _6 S( z6 O) Iengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not1 R/ e. g5 a# v. v* U, W
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
1 S2 ^% Q- c' d$ Q7 o6 W% A3 Rworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
3 H0 u7 g: H% O9 {to the standardization of the scientific terminology2 v2 Z) S! x+ W& ~+ ]
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
) V1 C" D/ g5 m* J. \scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
5 m0 ^# ~0 d. Vand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the1 w) }1 D+ U& q9 Q( H! J4 `) o& v5 L
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
+ d b" X8 ]* ^in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
# s% s$ b5 Y! [) h1 v# z, H+ ghe established had helped greatly with the popularization
4 u, Z) O- F' R5 B( ^of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
- Y9 C% t4 S$ athe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way# u# y" G, H) n7 f/ e
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
$ k4 T D. w B3 j* H8 _8 Lthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
6 X9 u& I- T8 g* x+ ?, Ygreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific% W0 E( Y- [* E0 j% V; _+ ^( R
terminology.
5 z2 B4 F ]1 X- S8 z9 @3 Q: U$ Z3 w, eKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
" {/ H( [5 K$ v& f: bStandardization of terminology translation+ k: u0 M9 v! y; R" W m7 O6 [' ~0 M; x
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to# ?$ t$ u, m2 Z ~9 \
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern% b5 X/ e7 {, V& Z+ G \
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
/ w. p& F V8 s lfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
. M) e; L* |( x; |1 WDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
# J' H1 j: t* G' X6 |John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
( e+ c; Z0 |1 ~8 v/ A: o! Ia great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).6 H/ W( E+ C/ H$ h
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to& }1 v) B4 N, v
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
" A, {% c3 A8 N( sSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed1 s7 Z5 z ~- }6 A. t
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
% _2 V" U k$ k( H: Ian editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" f9 B! j5 o. [* c3 L
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
' j: T9 \8 D( A1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
8 `2 n- Z. t4 pworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
0 [* W" ^. |$ K! [! UFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.* x) Y" S( i" T2 X }4 t' C
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
& \) `/ ~+ A/ N) X3 d2 i$ A$ rto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
5 ~% M& N7 W( K: y! {would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,8 d9 T& d7 k. e0 u2 W2 F
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,8 [5 h3 b [: {
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
F! Z8 \2 _2 F: B9 o( {books that made him the most productive one among the
6 k5 o( N6 z/ R3 xforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
* U$ @( k' r# m/ L0 K( S8 @1 ttranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a. @/ V g4 e) r `/ p
noble work which could help accelerate the process of Z& K2 m* P) Q+ Z4 O) q
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).. ]9 }/ U0 ]8 z6 t: K
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
1 b: W1 E% ]1 X. a( s1 Qalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
0 y0 [( u# Q: f3 fscience and the standardization of translated scientific( m% k1 ~4 o2 ]9 q9 G' s
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
. l( e( F' V3 bmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the( ?$ m8 v: c' A% g" d ]4 R9 q
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
5 T5 }1 l) j; b' C" H, w mcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
% {1 f8 h2 w8 Z5 C. rof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in6 _, O! k' a% i& n6 U
Modern China.
: d7 H+ }) u+ f: {/ zAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
' A/ X& n% s9 YThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of5 ?- G" v3 Y* A# [1 T* F2 u$ G
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
0 N+ B* P( x) [: v# j+ O1 {a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In B7 u0 I9 b; |! N; F
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
, l% m, A X6 b$ z' vTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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