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. H6 m' I. u. D; O) [4 Xhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
: @* X, c4 i. |& G1 ^YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of o' Q5 a; r6 r4 E; V! o
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
/ o0 w6 q9 R/ K3 x
1 M* Y. Y+ W' Q( U+ ` j2 sLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of. ^5 O$ E% R3 H2 b1 H& j
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ m7 g& r+ @( U }
7 M/ T f/ R. a/ @4 qSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
. Y' k6 R& a) X# vReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018' i% x; O. h1 k. L8 O) h
Published online 26 January 2018$ C7 Y( ~" j# _: P& I
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Abstract, J6 z% |8 `* k) H& _
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing+ F: d, Y$ P$ } f9 L% \% i3 Z" E. [
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
( }# N* T/ c, T( {Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been" M2 z6 M* F% L( b- ~- w
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not; B. A1 p# u- [7 o+ \5 i
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
( T1 N9 a- m* ~1 Pworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly3 }1 D* x& {& c) F
to the standardization of the scientific terminology7 J" [; _$ [/ y2 d$ B1 F
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
4 y2 a1 n7 [) bscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
6 ?1 _! C( l5 f8 Fand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the3 z/ L$ }9 R W9 m& q
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
" U z9 N: ?8 e* ^$ K/ f/ din Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
4 J: G {* O0 |+ G8 u% c, Phe established had helped greatly with the popularization/ m2 E, i, S2 U) E
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring g! B# _; f. Z
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way; G+ T) G2 f* w6 A
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and( @. p6 }, g0 p( _& X
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a& {) v& ]& A8 ~ m9 w
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific/ V+ Y1 t# }" [+ h$ O
terminology.9 z1 d3 i* q* {! U5 d! Z
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;; ]- [, m. |- {. S5 K( f
Standardization of terminology translation
) i0 r Q6 m, k' @' ~, _! \, z jYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
0 p9 U& n* O ~( u9 f- W- BStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
3 }; Y1 z0 [* u" }! l% c5 aChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available! m3 ]+ R& I# n' i
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
7 j5 C! B( y9 c0 x' YDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102133 [9 p& y! u& U/ Y' y' _
1 j1 s" f. M* x% p+ `' e1 o' R' S: o" G& n- x9 ?( e1 }
INTRODUCTION
+ }8 T) l) ^% N( s( d M$ n2 KJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
, b- n" ^5 }& g8 I U5 |0 D8 Y& Fa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
4 s) T* m* K7 C" WDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
0 q+ S$ o8 i" I* N6 f" tHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
$ w5 `4 p6 m" E. ?3 \St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed3 y' @# H" z) k" p" j# o7 q
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as/ e J! n( ~. \' T
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on7 Y. M' ^' v4 ?4 b+ i6 H; p4 ^
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
$ \% r% X& u& Z" ?* `2 |1 q1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
3 J2 ]; x+ G c% v3 mworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,' e6 m; ]- o, ^5 b
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
( {/ B( w6 \5 a5 dNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated, Y# l2 m4 H; n: K6 R0 o0 U8 ?$ y- K
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant. t9 z+ n" q. d% u& i3 L+ K% L
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese, I5 G5 w0 ^1 R, F2 |
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,1 n* ?+ O; Z+ @
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
4 J9 e& z9 W c+ ebooks that made him the most productive one among the
% x8 ~6 S+ z7 @1 q/ yforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
Z3 c3 R1 z, A. L' P j+ S9 F8 itranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a, u2 W+ I/ }: q: b( h+ r/ F; j9 v
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
2 Y# h6 ]" }) {/ K$ A# {% ?1 ]6 Hpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).4 e& B! z! ~ R. B% x' S9 p/ J0 Q
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer. P0 V; }9 T. o9 Z5 B6 ]! W* q
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western J( w' G7 b# Y" _
science and the standardization of translated scientific2 m5 R- ~6 g. y ]4 C/ T; b
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific. I U% E7 ]) p. m& { ?5 H
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the5 [% j" ]) D. b9 _) N
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
5 \: ?+ `- h! L3 i, Ccontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
6 l$ }& B5 y0 b& D4 \) _6 b" kof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
2 R7 i# h- ?$ x% lModern China.5 p4 ?. `9 h/ R
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published& c2 v! h7 `4 K5 B% _0 D$ v) o
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
7 I( ?' j, h+ L7 f- Dtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
C4 I/ u! M, l: X- {1 {! Q7 r3 l0 aa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In5 i' S+ m F( j
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
! ] B5 x' m' ?1 tTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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