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8 U* F( L$ U4 Z; ahttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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! l4 Y! K) K1 A- b5 d1 rJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
% Y9 n0 x* ^/ R$ j9 b: MYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of4 N+ r$ C4 J/ ?7 O
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ X8 D) } s! S8 S z
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of% u: l0 j/ [; Z
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .5 L6 _) L+ O# H" t C, M9 h8 X
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018& Z- D% H( |8 I, B& N, \$ D
Published online 26 January 2018
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0 ~7 H: v9 s1 b2 ]; cAbstract! T( D s- T& f6 a) I
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
! G; h0 I$ r1 D. |) F: x+ JDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
0 g4 ^. b% G' [ rTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been, {' p2 Z7 N8 l- Q$ N( j
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
' c3 B2 X* r; H) a# Sonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific5 Y! I+ R {! J% x. r/ W0 a6 W$ P
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
; p' e! p" K2 V- `3 ?, |to the standardization of the scientific terminology" ^: F' {" M" y4 A: y+ X% R. s
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
/ b5 @1 E; X6 Qscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
E# I- i; m; E/ K% u# }! Wand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
- O5 T2 L% I$ n9 |% D4 `0 nstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
. s0 z/ {3 i, X7 [+ g1 _1 x3 Ain Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien1 ? l( g$ Q. t9 B- b7 G4 \
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
& U5 z& h7 }$ Zof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring7 J3 p: T; O' P( V2 i
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
- s2 l+ o( B1 y5 {0 Q" E3 `for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
2 X, v4 k) j' i6 e; I sthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
" u( n9 r0 e; o+ r# ^7 cgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific# a& q" }6 f; j5 J8 }5 W
terminology., ~, ?4 n# j1 f+ ]. _
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;. T0 F6 Y. K; t" y+ I/ w5 l; Q3 ~
Standardization of terminology translation! k) b* P9 \* B: `# \) @/ c4 d' J
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
' j( B/ v# ~4 @% k1 K' q+ BStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
# _: D( X# ~7 l; x$ B3 T! yChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available6 u1 r5 J6 w% f. x* C4 c9 E4 k
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213, ~, i- L+ {$ `' f
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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H- a. N$ X) ]4 V/ b# @
INTRODUCTION
' m: s; c3 F# ~- W4 R! C5 l9 mJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
9 I- y5 n* U0 V$ V+ g& w5 xa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
+ M$ {2 z* v! j0 B5 k) R, SDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to2 S7 m! W/ m# G f% }
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
1 _* w# r( c6 PSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
3 U0 q- G) I/ Y- Q( Vby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as6 h& z: H s, Y( K+ _
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on+ E) @% Y& y) m- q: k5 f
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-9 g1 c9 v( L* l4 y' x( R
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific9 @ v' \: Y9 ~
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,. V( q/ S# q9 x, a
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
8 X$ v3 l7 y- YNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
: v2 @- d6 c1 n& cto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
1 k& \- f1 Q! @3 o- {7 ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,# d- J4 p. r" ]% A' U
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,6 V; r- ^$ q0 h$ b2 o1 j& u
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
/ D4 E+ l) k* Y8 g* [books that made him the most productive one among the
2 A& o S/ |0 i, mforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
* b, c+ c/ D3 e# s0 O* E- m+ dtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
* |. r- n% m4 Q* t( ]noble work which could help accelerate the process of6 f5 x2 ]8 J8 y. w
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
% v! }. v9 ?: Y0 h; f% a! i% [In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
`& p' F; j4 s; _also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western( \; L9 A$ [3 @9 n; D
science and the standardization of translated scientific
$ S, j3 r4 O+ ]2 z2 b( T; ], jterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
" _0 \# W4 _, S6 z, p& `0 nmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
! O0 o5 @! d( _& Festablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
4 j- H" b! U) h! Acontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
; q2 Y' N0 M; t9 C4 c; yof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
: R X% g9 {7 ? b* t, `Modern China.
/ {7 i9 `/ `3 ]/ |0 lAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published3 K! G( |4 u- y
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of# ?+ G0 u/ X E1 q. ]' P
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
! _# [! ?: m% J2 Q6 }a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
" E) v3 Y; b# E8 w; ]8 R) QJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
" Q& W" |; Q. r8 I2 Q+ T" m& HTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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