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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688* L. r' a( X7 q- C' Q, A3 z& q
& j8 h6 u( {4 A4 w2 J& kJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China9 a y. \9 B: z1 W9 w" S
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
7 V, t: Q. y* r& \$ e, ^) w' aFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.% @% g/ q$ U; Z6 I/ g$ t1 C. u4 V
. H1 @ P7 B. HLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of) M( j4 b; S, g Z* D9 j C
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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; ]0 `) _9 ~% t2 q O6 ~) Y8 _Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
4 K) t/ T+ ?- F# NReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
0 J# W/ Q- z4 T$ c, X+ c+ gPublished online 26 January 20181 i. f l/ R! s# ]7 s0 ~0 `" ~6 k% F
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Abstract
! K! r6 A( k; v: S4 _John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing9 J* ~8 h/ y4 f) r: h! u
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
, l* E) y! g2 k, _Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
! l) V3 H7 w% ]8 X& Z$ z' u. uengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
/ O& a4 l4 c% G* Zonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
`; W0 B: a) I- Y( z; A N6 Q( qworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly% I$ E. n1 ^# J& ^
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
% f$ O8 C/ s' k1 qtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
3 W5 |6 \, n! `3 X( W* Qscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,) k0 v2 \( l* o" v9 ^" g6 E$ X- V
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
8 W) v, j' h, y% _standardization of the scientific terminology translation
' c3 P. n7 s9 L3 e n* R @1 ein Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
( h/ \3 f8 n; E; `he established had helped greatly with the popularization: @ G- s4 l1 |3 J9 X& Q
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
& y2 W7 x4 G4 g1 _5 othe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way6 F0 E5 o5 q* |/ Q+ U) Z d( X
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
9 A' T \) ~9 f" r: Uthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a7 H3 f$ V+ S4 R) a7 R& Z. E# P
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
: K0 S0 n5 \) Aterminology.
* j% b$ O5 u2 j$ UKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
, e/ G2 I- J2 D3 LStandardization of terminology translation8 F) W: i( N/ Q3 @" |
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to1 W1 d. z5 A. X$ K- G
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
# _( Y$ q5 y& J, G! }China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
0 p# v3 z T: m/ k8 g& p; x! xfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
+ ]5 O8 Y: }$ X; U- }/ D$ N9 DDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION6 H. c! L$ k- _, D
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
8 }# d) l$ s" c1 B) |# o L& y/ ^a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
1 S( u) ?; S0 }7 m0 nDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to' d" N7 ?, y5 m! W
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
0 ^% v/ w: r& L' xSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed1 F% n; w- I; A2 r: b$ `, m( z
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
5 T4 `( G- N4 A) T. y" ean editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
; V6 w9 _3 N8 Z. P+ X1 _$ |his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
! ^% f. x. @& r2 O* `5 Y I6 m1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
+ |% l7 G- o- Z- x8 v& }! yworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
# y9 v g% d6 M; qFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
. i Y6 W" s( z5 fNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
% k, z+ g5 M5 T+ p wto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant# r9 M: y5 k' J$ c- l9 q; [
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,3 H6 t. j/ Q* s& b8 Q7 y' g- c6 F
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
: h3 C+ X1 E* E2 X7 b* iFryer translated more than one hundred of Western2 K" m5 ]) t6 o) A3 A9 T* K4 E
books that made him the most productive one among the* ?) e6 f2 ~1 X* k- _3 \6 A' c, Y, S
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
. ]) _4 y$ @, ^+ `& jtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a6 q+ E2 n5 }# r7 B3 i1 f. _
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
( B8 i% s- h0 Gpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83)." I' f/ v8 C8 U6 Z6 ]3 r* d
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
; Y) f) [6 ?1 {. Walso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
3 P5 ]) x8 [6 Xscience and the standardization of translated scientific& A- Y% f+ C8 ~/ z2 n& ? a$ M! y+ E
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
0 z) B& Q/ Y1 ` o9 L# i% f2 P1 W3 umagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
& ]: `$ W+ }3 V/ A& aestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another o: n9 H$ C2 m% K5 n' B* @
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
0 n3 X$ x: u4 F, tof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
" X9 c) p/ u; B# u) \Modern China.
8 |; R1 N# G2 N/ \& KAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
7 { k3 y% N8 X# y4 R% \The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
7 t: ^" w: l2 S6 G4 i: \/ otravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing% U. G3 e& N1 m; ~
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
. U( b! q" S/ ]0 a4 L* [* oJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and8 V( q9 `3 R ? P" e
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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