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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 5 l- ]. {& J/ v3 @* K
t: b8 ]& ?9 y$ K) ^http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
6 @! z; \2 [% V6 ?- S- v9 V1 o- tYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of/ ], s! T/ g' G( _2 n/ N1 z
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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8 }% |; q' g5 i- s4 ^' jLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of4 u3 ]) P* K% C
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.% K3 q r* b$ g2 }$ i+ a7 A
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
5 I K5 ?* N4 _( D: hReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20183 C+ `0 T( M' f O* v' Q L
Published online 26 January 2018' J0 t9 b- L! c" N9 C1 }5 X3 x
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Abstract% x7 s# n/ H; }* o& o0 b- H8 {
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing! l2 P/ j4 w% M! P) U( D$ m
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The) H4 @. J3 O1 d* v
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
* v) d7 a) ?* |7 g( D' B* }engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not- H$ p$ j! e) t6 ]- E
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific% X! G7 |* o# _' w
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
: T0 O3 R% D; N( W* Cto the standardization of the scientific terminology
, P, n: o5 x2 dtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s& g+ [- Z4 Z$ v S
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
$ B2 f. H# t% ?3 o& ?- ]and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the4 O7 Q0 m4 ~4 u
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
( n+ d/ ^- {. V$ Ein Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien7 J/ R2 E% B! G6 J8 o0 j
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
9 g$ d* }& Z+ E$ I2 O, t5 oof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring3 j- a# f. H5 l1 {9 a( P& J1 a0 T! i
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way. [. n% t S$ c6 Q9 Q9 A3 U8 n
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
9 i: w. [: J4 G" \( @that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a# u; e4 m, q3 r/ X3 h& z+ v
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
7 y+ T3 Z- b9 Hterminology.* Y$ p( e6 I" L& T' m8 L2 J8 }: c
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
. X! B$ E+ H/ k# w0 pStandardization of terminology translation
# f3 ~) C4 d% V) c% n" O. B5 pYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
5 }5 ?. ^$ I1 r* R) b! [& jStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
* L3 i! N. n; g$ z/ mChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
6 \9 Z5 c) v \/ |# }+ c+ Rfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213% b$ |7 N# ~' r. o/ l2 r
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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* ?9 U4 [3 i; `8 p( t/ Y- [; PINTRODUCTION
8 V6 L% m+ j8 h7 k6 WJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
+ C4 ]6 c3 h) [, @1 e7 x0 @a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912)./ }) k( r/ g3 m# _1 p0 @2 L
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
, T# Z& A/ L' {" J$ FHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of( x0 @1 p2 O# n5 R2 v6 `
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
, D1 Y! n. r! Cby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as7 y# Z# o6 G- G# s* Q, j
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on* ~& V6 g$ G6 f5 ]6 Q( {
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-% G( O' {; {" ?2 [. f! g! d
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
, _+ p0 u, z& _9 @% S7 k3 Jworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,1 [+ q# b3 A4 k, O4 ^4 L
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction., r" K# n0 V( ~0 _7 ~; W
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
, K9 \' F* T/ |" Hto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant( b; b N/ c5 ?( j* ]
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
) X5 G( c" Y2 M8 y. {4 ]- krevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,7 D; o# \% f6 ~9 {5 P8 X7 V
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
) }. p1 Y9 A( G/ {% \( M! qbooks that made him the most productive one among the1 w8 e9 U& l9 J9 G5 A
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
+ S+ S$ ?3 d) H, u2 W! ~# Z7 W/ z1 itranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
" m- }4 K7 U4 W3 r8 q8 D4 t% Xnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
, K% d/ h% w1 o" F6 hpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).( | G" Z; q% x; S! G
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer$ i E2 r! n/ E# }$ _/ p
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western* o8 J+ ~ q; Y% I& H- X% `! h
science and the standardization of translated scientific
, ~1 u6 T% q: Xterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
+ f& j- J9 O; K/ \2 qmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
$ L" J6 n2 r) ]( R7 y k& Lestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
3 W& k: Z/ u3 m' \contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
3 S8 p* x& h9 `* A% W4 X8 V1 Xof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
. C6 P1 ?8 k. ]& X3 IModern China.
8 f' l) U1 {% Q4 _3 r, ]An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published" \* ~7 X, d) o5 b6 d: s* v
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of5 I1 L4 U4 l0 J4 k$ r: d$ h
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
m% z/ y$ F$ `$ L- e E- Ha lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In3 y: p' S5 _: k& h5 Q: o5 _# w# O
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
7 \2 N9 Z, V, G* m3 KTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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