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: a; H. I( M& N5 q w2 e. Y. phttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106885 E# a* |# D0 z' G. L4 T$ a
0 y; v: @/ B$ }7 m) L- P9 dJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China; q9 Y& h W; N( `! {
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
& V* G+ C: L: i7 gFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.: l! h% r3 f" h) I) u o% r4 x1 _
" I9 ?6 @1 [5 \4 qLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of& @1 p8 |' z7 g. e! _5 a
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.4 z( e& {; G5 C7 K, S; G
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
4 u( p. a5 U. c' o% D+ zReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018# i' ]. C9 A$ o
Published online 26 January 20184 y6 ~5 {! M) f2 P) o
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Abstract- c/ y: J! P/ T6 `9 ?- {
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
8 D6 x' _+ h! [& e3 _2 zDynasty who came to China and was employed by The- S4 t9 I1 d* B: d1 ^1 t
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
* ^2 K% ^( \* z% |% {engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not- Y9 H% M2 M' c6 f: a% _
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
) n; [% e0 V! |! p2 k5 R0 |works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
2 W3 d9 u$ ?5 V2 Jto the standardization of the scientific terminology
9 [* H6 K' g' \% i2 f. Y' `/ vtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s' l, b/ c( e/ R6 h2 T5 P
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
7 o; M# b; X4 g% Z) }) ]! p- g$ N; W$ Cand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, f0 c, v# c1 e/ Y
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
" N4 ^5 \$ G' f: ~6 S% bin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
0 [. Z% e& ]+ v, U+ l: [he established had helped greatly with the popularization
0 o+ a/ k+ @4 k/ |7 Bof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring9 D+ d( R8 n5 L7 _3 ^1 `, M
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
: h/ { W/ \* E! B9 r5 w; Vfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
, l8 e5 M) j+ q; Mthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
5 r" x) g0 a# O7 a0 pgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific0 M+ u) ]1 x. o8 v% k* g( y
terminology.
* B+ S. k, t% s& C3 dKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
* w. {+ k& R7 ~' bStandardization of terminology translation
* ^: Z3 `" O! T9 @9 j: L, t" zYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to2 ~! q$ A. t- {
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern; X5 o8 M |' G, ]1 _
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available9 V! T, S0 J$ U9 \
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
t+ V3 p* h9 _- V7 iDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213; h2 @( X& ^/ s; x8 u' W
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. _1 E) s; C, ~3 `2 ~1 q3 c' }9 p8 @INTRODUCTION
9 Z2 F2 F' c3 r3 {5 iJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and6 O, e+ J! d9 O, b4 \1 e- h Q( i
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
& e9 b" F: L _+ A |Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
: z% x1 H- s# Q1 `6 S! RHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
# M& S2 n7 f d0 WSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
# _% R0 C" ]6 \: \( xby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as. W& T4 B- y, G h: h5 P& J. y- R
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
" k" P$ S% I: Jhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-" A# d& R9 z P0 {
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific5 r3 k/ U: q, F0 }/ j. {* S
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,8 L# y; w( Z# E1 ]
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.. f9 e" x$ b7 M( V3 p. ~1 g
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated6 Y$ O) _2 X) `# N& ^9 }! T' c
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant& v. w' `& c! V! m) J- Y
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,' V; |' a5 s7 K' [6 m( J
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,* o2 n& F8 {6 a q" Z1 a
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western3 E v! x0 e6 P1 i
books that made him the most productive one among the
# W8 n* N$ q/ U* @2 t. gforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
( A& z! F9 ]( X5 `$ B9 Wtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
. V* K: M- ~0 z! \/ l; Bnoble work which could help accelerate the process of& e5 R! H3 x# T- p5 _
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
5 {9 k2 j! b" g) f/ K( fIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
4 Y8 }$ }; ]$ z7 A4 Ralso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western' O) ]9 l. T$ b b$ G' s# N
science and the standardization of translated scientific1 f- j$ k" l1 U" g# r* E$ h
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
0 @4 m8 U# d, tmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the2 j; Y! N4 ]0 P! }9 \/ r/ ~6 V' h
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
) @& v1 a4 y. Z: u# K6 {contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
6 O) W3 V, D, Y( \/ W# V2 @5 tof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
1 }: D" k, F/ M6 J/ hModern China.0 M7 v. k* f- r8 R
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published4 _- q8 B" v- p4 q0 W6 r& V
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of$ \, g) w3 t; F
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing+ d: ]- y- e2 M5 [* c5 e4 M7 f
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In; Q2 g8 T7 s5 T# z
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) ~% A0 y( f Z- k0 ~Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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