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How to figure a home's fundamental value; `* W) b1 \. s l9 h7 ^
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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& ?. {" x( w4 K% jTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:$ g1 V$ G' \( M8 r: Y% O
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) @4 @7 I0 Q7 C6 BIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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3 Y* F# F, K/ H2 k1 Z& BSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27. i% O2 ]6 m# h% L. ~
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4., L. Q5 n4 j- `1 f/ a
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
. c# @4 r5 b6 i5 s WYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.* N; r U$ Y' T( y
6 e2 M9 z5 I+ U$ ?1 cIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.# o* R; {! h7 E$ H% \7 | |
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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* t) _* ?9 `' r* z9 o1 h6 dBoston 20.5 30.2 & a! _0 A5 h: h) o
San Diego 22.8 29.7 , p) E: a. _. H c
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 8 C9 ^% l- t( B' U' E
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
+ z. R. K. k3 q: `Seattle 20.4 25 8 U7 g& S2 b& e4 l- \/ L& ^: B8 T+ A
Denver 17.7 23.7 * u& K& j: @1 h# K3 { c& j/ v% b4 J$ c
New York 21.2 22.5
+ x- X$ H+ T) k$ b3 y# QChicago 17.2 20.8
+ S" ]$ Y, y6 K2 P9 i! TWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 & h/ T+ D7 u9 H! ]- U* h, L
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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3 O. V8 U1 `. z1 K" J1 bFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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