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How to figure a home's fundamental value
# p; ^4 E! S1 ?* HLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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) M2 H6 Y2 N0 c6 r5 g7 l9 RNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.8 `5 c0 b5 S/ W, y# h
/ F- h: W! h! }1 `( s) R2 R( jLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.) Z9 R( h C7 G4 n! `
8 V% p6 w; n2 ^: jTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.+ ]2 @6 s3 a* I+ m% X
$ x, r5 y/ l0 F+ ?+ d7 zSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
* d; U! r9 \* z0 c, ?2 N# Q& S' MSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
5 b3 T, I( F( U0 `% V7 q3 M, yNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
9 M* F& _ {5 u0 q. t$ O6 R# i* @3 a: QYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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, \" ?% x9 y0 l7 iIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.' A h4 _0 s& Q' o# G) h) k
9 o, I# s/ p0 DIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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# ~+ q1 ?0 s5 O+ tBoston 20.5 30.2
" \3 z3 ?+ q) Z$ }5 d6 fSan Diego 22.8 29.7 , ^. ~ N4 j* L h
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 , A) Q! b" h- q9 }
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 . g" B$ P/ H" ~" `
Seattle 20.4 25 3 ]7 ^) w3 r. R" C- B Y' w4 ?
Denver 17.7 23.7 7 O. h3 r |1 e( S: ^
New York 21.2 22.5 . H/ ^, c# [7 f/ e, `6 i9 g; h
Chicago 17.2 20.8 8 e/ F( y$ c5 T. v0 `/ @5 V& q
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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% p7 b+ `2 R( @9 J2 K- XIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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