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How to figure a home's fundamental value
4 I) \& C4 O" hLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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: @* W# f: }" e+ ?, PNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.7 z Y7 s7 C* P9 F
, s! o" o/ X* KLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.' v& r1 ?1 p9 E- `- k4 ]
! W# g+ b6 q/ { q; FTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:' B0 j. Y, y. f) r! ?
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.: m m8 P3 Y; W; V2 g$ [
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
7 x& w! p9 M1 R2 FNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.9 m) r* ^! l S; _ S
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 5 B& ]( u, ^( [% c- \0 r/ C
; y) q+ t( o& \9 g8 b# OIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming., P- ]3 i) @/ D6 i
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas - \& A) B) q, x+ J4 ^3 D2 i7 T
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 * f; |8 y# L p2 H- p
Boston 20.5 30.2
+ Y1 s! {( k. l0 z5 BSan Diego 22.8 29.7
2 n6 s- ^4 Q) |$ u3 L1 B% K. uSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 & ^- ^& a1 Y4 q, B- b
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
; r) S4 ?$ p2 s4 _& gSeattle 20.4 25
; m) R* r9 [7 A' f0 N3 @5 A# ADenver 17.7 23.7 ' s! k- A* g. F2 u8 f9 [+ I d
New York 21.2 22.5
) T' a+ d) ?: R7 H/ B8 jChicago 17.2 20.8 7 g0 A/ b* {: m! m& {
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.6 c! C6 x/ I& K4 a! `( {
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# V3 H. I; @6 F) y {From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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