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How to figure a home's fundamental value
9 D3 F/ w- @- M4 {0 O* q- ^Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.8 j9 V: p3 U' |2 X2 }) h' N
4 j6 `5 r2 Q3 F2 R/ `& ]7 fNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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6 |4 S# R- T4 B6 {% CLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:- L( @* D @. ?: E7 W/ F
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! u- b% T, w5 N9 c' Y) S+ }) IIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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" R, O& t% s* n: l) d5 _San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.7 h& S( S- W* n% l6 b
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
4 h# a& ]. r: ^, o, fNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.# n# q+ u/ ]' @' F' q
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.0 `: g0 u$ Z0 X# K+ ^4 b
1 d2 O& U# L+ r, r7 G/ eIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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* @7 t- h9 T9 X Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas |8 k" f# ?" k
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 : J, |3 F0 {. u3 m- [
Boston 20.5 30.2 # N P, e% |* w9 r
San Diego 22.8 29.7 4 e8 j) ]; {' b( M$ w$ p
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
2 { f z6 `7 H9 b, e% XLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
/ }" m; ?: @% }2 @+ H' ^Seattle 20.4 25
2 _2 X; F7 M! i( `Denver 17.7 23.7 / ?6 S" |+ N j5 f! {+ f3 S
New York 21.2 22.5
; o! G! ^ e0 G; C5 }8 \Chicago 17.2 20.8
' k# x8 \2 |4 o4 u$ D) F" U% IWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 B% p' f9 u2 V" f
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. q8 q- u( f& z) A) fIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.' ?: ?; u+ u) t6 t; W. S
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- y4 W. Z! } DFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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