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How to figure a home's fundamental value
5 { Q4 e' N4 ^* {' n% FLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.0 T6 |, i& X4 \- x, I
7 D) z7 i& j. Y2 p' ]Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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( a, _9 [# z7 oLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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! V( G% g6 g# k* P; j$ L, @To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:* s4 V8 ^- _1 E0 y
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8 Q& l2 J6 o3 l8 q; }, `In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.( v7 R+ A# A% S. Z5 |+ p
1 H- _$ s4 l, e( oSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
- H& B+ v9 v. ~San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.0 F U- I( R, j7 F1 M
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
5 X3 K; M# {4 T4 EYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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% D& D$ C2 D/ z7 QIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ P$ S4 v% m- N/ k$ f2 c4 |0 B l
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ( r0 `# E% x6 j4 N1 U
Boston 20.5 30.2 # ~+ m% I% o: F9 I; t# }& ~+ O
San Diego 22.8 29.7
4 J. q8 H2 C c+ xSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 ( Z' H5 C2 L/ Q' t5 r
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 " I$ x, M& N9 h2 \$ F
Seattle 20.4 25
$ [* N/ {- j7 @8 }: ^" nDenver 17.7 23.7
5 `1 p1 D6 E5 w( E3 V" @4 t" q" ]New York 21.2 22.5 9 y$ q4 l& \) t% p7 [
Chicago 17.2 20.8 # N4 q: u1 [- q2 n( U& w# ^
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 % V0 u6 K h" r {' n
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live., ^. r1 c! H2 O
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6 o; J( {' [, R. RFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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