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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 5 L. }! O5 n7 g1 s0 H& j
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" r" g! t- m) P9 w! U4 d& m9 @Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
$ ]5 b3 e! G/ z% `- Q0 H. d* CBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
2 f$ d. g+ l- Q: A3 t( K' `The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
0 k0 f5 k2 |7 c" R3 OCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.! l; Y) Z& T; V. \
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
8 _6 B, J# [$ B8 H9 ~The country codes used are :
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CODE \COUNTRY; s9 J, z% b% O
00-13 USA & Canada$ Q- l& ^; Q# I- f
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
+ K" F2 R& I8 X30-37 France* J4 d9 y# V g- f
380 Bulgaria
" I8 J: V4 W2 X4 l4 E& k383 Slovenia- f0 U' w6 p: e9 L4 h. W, Z3 t
385 Croatia, t" A+ |4 j% i- y7 m9 j
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
7 K2 ^ O' ]! ]8 U, h400-440 Germany8 Z% a/ O; h; `! U2 J, ]4 g/ ?
45 Japan
" p# s7 D, m+ Z# `4 d46 Russian Federation
$ _& W% c' ?% C" F* V' o, v- ~6 A471 Taiwan" u9 T4 `9 b3 I0 Z9 f* I0 K
474 Estonia
8 K5 X' g: C8 v$ r2 t: s475 Latvia
- |- z- E; u. C476 Azerbaijan
; X( G! k( X% v3 u- {# j( N( Y477 Lithuania
e' |- E5 {+ R! g- A$ ~1 f478 Uzbekistan8 I, z5 T% X1 U9 i. J& h
479 Sri Lanka
, z# x. X+ H" o( G2 d480 Philippines5 p' I, T2 D' V2 m9 O
481 Belarus" c1 R4 K' n0 M. a) U3 i+ a
482 Ukraine0 d- }% W% e' ~$ Y
484 Moldova) J5 L: ~, j. ~7 g( R
485 Armenia
* s/ {7 \ o1 O# ^1 D$ R& T, P486 Georgia
! d) w8 X8 ?: r' c9 _( u- O487 Kazakhstan2 ?- d @1 s9 O' U5 w# F
489 Hong Kong
% }8 Y9 }) d4 B( D9 N49 Japan2 O3 ]* g+ `2 n ^
50 UK
+ m: V7 N3 M% u# N520 Greece
$ k* R: y4 {+ C# O/ O7 s9 r/ F528 Lebanon T/ K. V2 u/ C! ~' l4 e
529 Cyprus
0 V5 y6 z8 |* A0 K) {. U4 l7 ~531 Macedonia* W: \, M% M |% v R& B
535 Malta$ s4 N9 j* U, `" i: R* R
539 Ireland
, ~3 e, o" l1 x( K/ B; {5 c54 Belgium & Luxembourg: V! ^# s! \" @ S! r; u
560 Portugal0 `, L+ v. L. w) a2 \+ n2 Y
569 Iceland
% P+ q, x4 F& t) u' o57 Denmark
+ j/ R0 _4 t" L9 ^590 Poland
: |$ w$ D9 Z% Z4 `594 Romania
/ x& b/ H6 w( O U; T" t599 Hungary8 K6 J8 \9 h' }) ~( [, n1 o
600-601 South Africa" n) e& b* x) Z2 j+ z
609 Mauritius
% L. G1 P% c( o6 E/ F4 H611 Morocco
8 t5 ]0 q8 K, I% @; C: A( Y0 r613 Algeria
$ Y, D$ t6 P6 y2 f. c) e: a619 Tunisia+ F- f; s; [4 c6 `
621 Syria" A$ C, c5 }' T* Q$ x; x5 j
622 Egypt# N. |/ _9 S8 W5 Z
624 Libya8 V+ o5 a1 ~3 n$ J u! \
625 Jordan
7 {8 o, B! r( ]( }626 Iran
t0 D" y6 d: @8 w( n9 o627 Kuwait
& s% V& m9 i$ P2 C2 f% u1 A( l628 Saudi Arabia
5 R" _. c3 o1 {# i1 r, P5 Q& @629 United Arab Emirates3 L8 {3 Q8 ]2 Z1 f9 H- ^( W& L
64 Finland. x3 N; ^- X. Y% ~4 U8 u- W! m' W
690-692 China! V% N! Y7 S. o( e
70 Norway3 q4 G O( ~/ Q( d: X
729 Israel6 {+ N3 {: E: `
73 Sweden
4 X0 q% j8 c- K, v740 Guatemala X) c; n, Z7 r) {7 D" z
741 El Salvador! b- v5 r3 @: N+ c8 I
742 Honduras
3 ~" B, M; ^6 r: B' Y743 Nicaragua
% l$ i. k% J( j: _744 Costa Rica$ q% V1 q, H5 X O$ j2 u1 t
745 Panama
# G1 T: w/ w/ K6 d# ]. d746 Dominican Republic
2 @8 w/ K) w8 f750 Mexico1 ~1 m+ Y) i5 D# ]1 X
759 Venezuela1 e5 o" g" g- d4 w+ J- s
76 Switzerland4 f! o) y+ _1 N) a t3 l, w
770 Colombia/ T- L* P4 _7 O3 ^
773 Uruguay
$ I Q) o# t& h# f# {' P775 Peru
* l( j4 F6 s# r777 Bolivia
$ k. z7 M7 ~+ S& X! L779 Argentina( B+ Y T+ f# G( H* }1 ^
780 Chile0 G& ^& c+ `) \7 r* l
784 Paraguay
$ Z n1 _( b$ p( L& {+ r785 Peru
2 [0 @# u* f7 `2 P, j786 Ecuador
" `4 X( ]5 f/ J3 z; F6 B789 Brazil( _8 V$ ^0 ]( ]5 c8 L" u+ B" U
80-83 Italy
. [- D" b/ w% ~" l, J# l84 Spain
. f' k7 g4 @& B! {( \850 Cuba
7 l4 N/ ]3 ~2 y1 L: m858 Slovakia
( x; H, I- O9 B4 G0 ~ ^5 P859 Czech Republic" }# @. \/ k. x6 T/ n* o
860 Serbia & Montenegro
5 E6 @* [7 }" q7 I869 Turkey3 o3 G' X5 k% Z
87 Netherlands
8 W5 O+ r; z6 j7 u3 [8 r5 {9 B" h( d880 South Korea7 _ B& D/ k5 Y8 E
885 Thailand o4 `' ^! Q0 ^8 Z
888 Singapore
8 p2 j, v# v; I+ f/ H6 m% S890 India; d" }; R; x& A3 \. \7 W
893 Vietnam/ Y2 C+ R& g3 n; i- F2 @7 d
899 Indonesia, E; H% M( [$ [5 i
90 -91 Austria
' y5 V; F( f* x+ ?8 T0 b# k93 Australia3 V' W% T( W% W2 ] g
94 New Zealand
$ C4 X. o9 U! u% D0 I955 Malaysia
7 A7 y0 P; m: U8 j: W; G% k958 Macau# B4 g2 ], e6 |3 n1 f
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
5 p# {- q9 D$ P. N* [9 u6 B, B978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)! G5 J w8 W$ e; {
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)) ^) L% O" W0 l/ R2 c
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm$ _- h, y9 M- c A% v: N; G
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