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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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! e) \9 i9 |3 N  U! [% j7 wThe Flap, l, p0 S/ ~8 \) C5 U3 Q# V
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A flap occurs in three situations." z4 f: T- G  U, T+ Y
" C8 B7 [3 B5 I0 ?9 H3 A
  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
- E6 A/ z: l$ {' @0 {. e      like a 'd' and is said very quickly." j2 L2 f1 ]/ J1 r* b  A
                                    & B, \% m/ F6 l* [& ?( c2 r
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
6 a6 r; m8 P: k                                     : L( A$ o! g/ p/ T4 C" j5 p% B; N7 s' d
                 5 e$ \( o: M4 Y. U) E: O
  water becomes wader& B0 D9 J9 s% k5 w9 O5 ~
  Do you need some water?" ~0 E% L6 R7 {% t2 e4 f
                 4 ?3 Z6 r8 M+ P& W0 l/ a
  letter becomes ledder
" J+ g$ c% r# c3 X4 u  The letter was in the mailbox.
+ i2 s, o7 _. H                 
" W6 O, Z4 A4 x0 M, `& |$ J  bottle becomes boddle/ ~+ m- s1 o9 M1 d1 B/ E* x
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
& h( I" D$ ]( l* G; d% m                 
! T( o& a, z8 V) E6 R/ _  butter becomes budder
/ T! H9 l  Q6 S9 g  The butter melted in the sun. 7 c" c' e4 r, n1 m* h6 x* n
                                    1 P( M( x7 j+ |# O4 y
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
5 Q: F6 y) `" f      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth& R" V% r; W/ @5 f1 H3 M/ X! j' Y
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
0 a. \' t, ?5 u6 g# T      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very. ?+ [. O; A! W% T( [4 k) `" X
      quickly.    # g! `1 [; D- s9 N$ m
                                    # w3 c& s1 D; V0 R0 b# F
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
* Q. L) u4 u" v6 `$ f                                     8 [8 t' z/ t' E
                   medical        She is a medical student.
# D1 Z; ?2 N4 i5 I                    sediment            
: N$ f1 c6 ?# w( K& \6 O6 t& O/ GThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
, ~  R2 k; f; y' r ! N( u3 V+ {+ \" C+ |
                   cadence           
( n6 [& x. B. `/ i- hDrums keep the cadence in a marching band.
9 d( o6 t2 t1 t% g 3 T) [0 W: {7 s7 ?
                   cider         This apple cider is great.
* a; s8 q( x' E  V) q' i5 b                    spider        A spider has eight legs." y" w- A5 _" W8 g; _5 B
                                    ) s: ?8 T6 G0 J$ r/ k8 u
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
- H' ]# @$ C: S       next. (see section on linking)9 v- f: _; |) U$ w' K
                  
/ c8 i3 M% R8 m# C. B* x         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.7 {; A/ d9 ]8 W1 u0 e) p( }
                  
! T* X/ S& V) _3 u% G& w7 Y/ \. f            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way( S! \2 ~$ a8 F% h
          I'll get your bags right away sir.
7 G9 D5 K+ T& Y% p
$ Q2 |0 C1 |+ M2 M0 c
6 b3 F0 g( b+ S) m' S                   
& h3 c& K- O; c% q' e& E            'what if' becomes whad dif: A4 T( d- \  H7 F& H* ^
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?7 Q0 T) Q7 y2 e  V/ P- o4 R

8 W( g2 J1 ~4 c/ E, N
" u) ^/ v6 j2 S. I. l                   
+ i! G: c8 b7 X: Q% y/ m6 [             'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
* O; S! L2 L! }  z           Might I suggest a new tie?
( g2 _0 ?( M5 u6 C: r& {7 o( P: ~3 F5 u' P6 P" m

' D! z% A) g  S8 ~                   
( y! L5 \+ l7 }3 W% ^        
/ N/ {7 H4 u* {' X) @7 {& ~4 B9 WNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to: Z; L6 k0 v) ^: H& y6 }, v" L
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.; I5 X1 ~* u2 F$ r" L6 o+ N" a# ]
& O  h6 ]) K/ ~& e
                           
! L6 l; G) ]3 P1 l2 I5 Y& Z: N         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.9 u. d  ?0 o$ D2 J9 T. e9 X
                           . \/ Y0 D( o: q% [! a: C
        $ b  J" C4 D# M$ m# y4 A8 |- Q" r% T
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
4 E  ]0 b' i$ `, ^* D. o   Have you eaten yet?
; g, z. w* w* K+ Q8 y( z         8 N7 y# i6 E( N" F
    'satin' becomes sa'n  $ T1 k: p2 n, u
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
  u% T( o# @1 n1 A& @. i        
, o$ s" T  J& E) `  W* y    'sentence' becomes se'ence 7 N3 f5 l8 z5 D
   This sentence makes no sense.% X  o% P* K3 D4 [; v
        " j: s* r8 f. {' W
    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
) w( Q; f& i& D! `   I'm not much of a mountain climber.( |1 i3 P3 \) h  L2 J
        - _9 f! J% F# z) Z0 a2 G
    'getting' become ge'n        
& q2 i1 J: J- r4 Y* r+ O; J   I'm getting to old for this.) T  n! z- G4 P( A$ V
       
* ^' Y$ `6 O) O6 J$ n& Z' }    'button' becomes but'n    . }, M# C  k: E
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
& F" t7 e* G" J9 s, S                                              6 }/ x: J- C0 P! ]! X# \- p
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.0 F5 c9 R0 r3 O. }  R6 J& C
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
! t+ ^; J5 q, [" K6 U                                              
& K1 ~9 z! G! U7 Y$ ]  o         ( P4 e: J3 F8 ?0 \7 [
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
  B2 h- q2 ?. N- N# k6 A9 D   We can swim in the lake.5 ~& Q- [% c' |( v

5 e7 c8 a5 e: O, i
2 \6 Q, y, q7 w4 L         - z" C; G" G3 e6 J2 v( N0 `4 T
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.4 B8 V9 C+ H% S  k: {5 `# R! q
   I can cook pizza.. a- B' g1 [6 ^/ W
/ n: a" v' {: C

# ]6 y+ G) i5 Q1 a" l* a         . Z6 Z8 B- U9 W  X3 i6 W% e6 V
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
0 J; f+ _' c# m1 s   She can read Italian and Russian.# ^2 o& b! ~. v! I" U5 r& g
7 S% E: D" e& I8 k8 r* T/ b) B
# |* G1 }/ P) O, U4 {& B. x4 s7 x
       
- i& o' U0 I! m; x1 h3 r4 n   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
) y% I% K$ L7 Q2 a8 d& n   They can ride on the roller coaster.
0 t  k$ `. C% F+ N/ S+ T & H1 Z2 T. G0 a  n% w1 P! Z2 |
                                             
3 r- ?( o1 m$ h* W0 M1 YIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.- W, L/ z2 H2 q) T8 o! q
                                             
* b) S9 u; F" B9 }* p; R9 Y9 a. {   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main0 s  o6 W: C% t
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.( I9 g; S; s) {4 Z) z3 ]9 O$ F/ R
                                             " S2 \( O4 M" C! a. m
       
. Z) G6 R0 K) c' s  'We can't go' becomes
; u* f  v0 J: ^% ^- m. N   We KAN' GO.  
& W* L, ?0 W$ H% @0 j
( E4 l! I- R* ^! f3 }We can go to the movies." ~. e) Z0 o! C2 N
We can't go to the movies.
* z! @8 w  \8 W6 p! u
; y# ~* C$ W) a- B. {! R0 K        
; m9 j: |6 |  k& e$ R' r  'Larry can't speak' becomes
0 y, K- i4 N" D6 c& A! H' H3 n   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
8 _% j5 n/ F* e1 T1 m( G5 e& {. l+ i, r7 |" W
Larry can speak French.: A- h% _) x: \& ]
Larry can't speak French.2 _# D' v: g0 H

6 I' h# B7 _) b1 u# Y! w        
+ t7 m3 z6 n, R; n7 ^8 I  'She can't do it' becomes* w/ d8 _5 R: j" P& u
   She KAN' DO it    6 W9 r( Z+ G2 ^& E
0 |; Y. f$ v& R
She can do it.
1 |; p: v( f" B* ?8 ]9 S3 NShe can't do it.
3 @$ \: u) H9 y3 T1 X 8 X/ D% q/ D7 c2 f
        / s8 ~7 B; W4 y6 h
  'Some people can't sing' becomes2 i. {, P6 z& N' c, ], i# X
   Some people KAN' SING. o# m% p. P0 s7 F
Some people can sing.
1 k1 e, S1 b; Y& [" r8 x4 ASome people can't sing.3 \. k2 q5 m/ U+ U& X
4 F' q, u6 B4 ^% ?
                                             
; z- M) W! g4 v' e: \! bIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
8 |$ V# h: A. W# q6 \) n) [1 {- S                                              
1 u7 R* T* o. C! `8 j   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
  b7 [$ M$ S: v& e0 s   Then the word is used in a sentence.
" Z# l0 S3 ~( N- f                                              
4 N! A5 D& Q; W5 x: g7 F        
- @- h2 x& l% k8 Z. x) z   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
% A6 Q! I- C8 i" z4 S4 _   We can't attend the concert.! D8 m0 `2 Z5 ?3 e  W
       
) I# j- M& x+ c6 E   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)# [; a. d# V& G5 L
   Wally can't invite her to the party.
4 W; D  J3 Q7 y9 x# I        
/ j" E6 G3 a$ D  z  A+ u, M   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
, j4 G# [6 o$ n$ t1 k1 }5 f5 M   He can't answer the question.7 J6 q* G+ G9 D& c$ q6 H
0 |; h3 o: l0 y
       
# i( `- ^+ p/ I. R: z2 G" M( _8 ~   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. ); v: N& \2 t$ h6 g$ t6 b5 B* t
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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7 [) t3 b4 @" s1 j/ v% [- s- ]Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above): |! I' Z0 T7 F1 |

, T8 e7 M3 {$ p, I9 S7 B0 l. |2 T                   
! _4 I1 r9 d- H' m" p     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound/ T1 u) v5 W4 a
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
. t8 o8 Z& S8 \8 i; r& K5 l, }' |3 H                           
8 K/ l& |+ s& T! e2 i, T& k8 C         ' P3 F9 ?9 |7 \; ~
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      0 Z6 K( Q. F% `5 C
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?& Q5 C. x0 i* M, Y0 m( L
       
& M9 y, W" [$ V" `) k   4 G# [* J$ f& J5 v% V- e

. R3 g4 z5 A, W6 F$ I) z) c) ~3 V5 S; O        
6 x5 {% ]8 q  W5 ~8 ~& R    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
4 m) i  D0 f, e& a    I couldn't do it because I was sick.# }, B8 m: \$ Y3 v/ r
       
3 t# j% c. h4 m7 c$ p7 t$ ]    , P- e: V) W5 z1 P  D7 y* }# {
# W8 W# M: f+ X' v- Z' q3 r
        3 l; N- a* T" C- t" E
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
( k) M" J# M5 f1 X: R4 H5 v   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.* ^/ m3 E9 Q; G5 S
       
1 d- M1 b! G0 J   
( }; X, D/ _: u0 M+ M
& g( f4 y' p) A& `# b         % k% c, u. \/ c$ x* ]
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'7 {$ n& U. V7 c5 K( b. e& k
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.9 ~% X0 n! K, S: r' T# w3 r* h1 b
# h! x* j$ j$ \! ]
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