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英文写作必背句型

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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
1 C0 @& Z- m( d' `" O~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
; L. M; H' V1 B5 z! Q& P" r3 T例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
' L; e6 P7 H9 J, h. v海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。; ^9 z7 p# k' |( h, m$ R: O* I
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.0 [. n7 K4 U$ Z5 t2 v4 i4 C
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
; ^9 t9 u! Y3 a( v+ H4 v二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V' k  L! @& |4 l. @
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V! M) O: o3 g! M! v# _9 I' R
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.2 v$ i( v; \2 k' R+ S5 n
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
- y  m9 h6 y7 F" r三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.- J3 f2 w8 b3 m) D4 N  S
(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
( M7 M' W  h5 M2 S例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.$ R' d/ y9 t: H- ^9 S
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。' D/ E2 I* _2 \. b/ }
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
' A/ Q3 }, R7 g+ [" s例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
9 ~4 S. d( t2 u/ J不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
% b8 y% X2 `$ V- H) N; P五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
) g$ S! e8 z2 X例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.7 ~) ^" v5 w% l) X1 a  ]3 K1 I
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。& B5 z" ^+ J- j" C7 a3 T/ F
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)* B! r% D" x. b0 |/ V
例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
4 G' i- l  m( E6 z2 G+ Z毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。2 D. e/ C7 `' U7 n* r( q" d4 d! m
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)
; ~7 `: H$ ^6 P8 ^例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
0 {6 l+ J. f0 b+ m! R使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
6 O: A* p4 S- p2 J5 Z! G4 X八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...)
4 u/ F# n, r  ~例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
8 N2 H. Z0 h+ u) @# g+ aThe reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.# W0 x7 a5 L  b& ~
% O: k' m* V3 C  R2 i
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
: g6 R5 E: K  f* `5 `# W2 z/ ^九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)- ~$ }' H( O; p
例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
* {  E: i( Z& H5 Y/ c时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。  M& l- D" }" ~: @
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
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例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.' H' H# ^3 a) c6 ~5 O) w0 d
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
( I2 i0 e/ i, t  l9 a虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。# q9 c8 |: i% o9 j9 F
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~4 Q: Q1 Y7 s! W6 I) h. M; T
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈..,愈...)
3 T6 @9 _+ y* ]1 l) Q例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
5 d/ y0 F0 G) a) V, `你愈努力,你愈进步。
. z! W8 }/ e! f: uThe more books we read, the more learned we become.
2 r$ \  f: i# _( N- p3 `我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。$ ~5 I0 _  d; T" ^0 {* v9 K
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够...); D& }1 H9 O0 [, z
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
% b+ U* M% J8 X( X" \- p借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
' u. N& r: \5 H( k& @+ O! H) q( t十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)' m, o4 C3 s: n6 O4 {) ~
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.5 L% {; X, m/ f  k1 y5 b, F( Y
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。, c* x9 F4 F! s8 K  A7 P7 V+ ]' L) ~
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)  {, t. a, P$ d; z4 k
例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.- E0 b8 V) Y+ X4 F
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
* _0 ~3 q/ l( i十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)
# o& d6 @$ m  A* y# ]% H例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
6 D  a; \) g1 i2 f! \1 ?4 k该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
0 j/ d1 T0 N  d( d. E9 u十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)1 D1 F+ F' E! {
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.7 o' Y% g4 S+ i4 k' R$ o; P
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
! W% u$ X& h' x% Y& L十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
9 @9 e3 x7 V4 h) f& ^& U  Z例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
7 F$ t, E0 K! i2 m: }: J没有人不渴望上大学。
# w) x6 }3 _3 r. J7 l5 R& Y5 k十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
3 _' K8 w- A+ B8 K* Y/ B. t# n例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。0 e1 q3 h. B# I" c- ]7 r" |; ~
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)& ]0 Y, g* u4 A; a; w' d2 r
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)! G+ |" ~4 j! }
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)! e* I" l2 Q- |) A& ^
例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.8 V0 S+ x# c4 \' \  h( r$ a! j
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。- Q( \/ r3 e* H2 [
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
6 Z6 ?8 [  v& O) \7 a( h例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it./ j- _# [  N6 x6 i1 u4 `5 u, y+ _
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
" n4 o3 X7 D' d0 @$ h6 f; V二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去..年来,..一直..)
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例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.5 S5 L9 @8 j9 ]( ?
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
6 L9 Y" t: s" F; }0 ]二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
! U  e9 a5 g  a8 R3 \0 G例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.  [) Q  }, h* |$ Q" Q
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
3 F9 z# d6 R2 M6 K4 ]3 B. v二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
9 D" g. k: H/ P7 E# e6 |! F例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
1 V0 p, P5 T, t二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
$ f& X, T: G$ Q: u例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony." i' \5 p7 _2 g6 u
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
1 A, [; H. f, t& ~1 }$ c二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
+ {/ }: [+ q, X7 WWe should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
) P; ?2 c8 J2 e. T  Z0 |我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。4 s2 f4 P" h: D* ?9 U
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让..明白..事)
9 ]- n( Y- ?) C; Y例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
2 F) u. Q4 ]5 U' k7 X; v0 R3 i我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
( p% _, J+ v' Q: q二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与..息息相关)
1 ?& ?% `, l$ N! z) M例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.: {8 v3 F% Z$ ~6 D7 h$ G. S
做运动与健康息息相关。2 a8 f. m5 I9 U
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
9 U8 F! Q! R3 H9 C9 V= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
0 }4 S$ }. R* _5 w9 e* eWe should get into the habit of keeping good hours.) I2 K* i8 {2 J3 E) u
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
/ B/ q" g' E9 v# D4 m二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...). n% h$ c8 Z1 l3 i+ k( r; c
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.7 H9 X( }0 U) z( w; N0 |* b
因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
' h2 h7 F' C$ h5 o! `1 J2 X- ^4 {- f
9 L$ `) i; q+ E, Q% ^2 c
) R4 @/ Q. @2 w4 S* X3 u
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)  Y  x$ p. d- E+ f- k2 i  \  P
例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!, z9 b8 q( N- C4 V) v2 r. q3 e8 B
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
- {$ S' b! P, X) r5 n遵守诺言是多么重要的事!* y  w! r: |$ d# B$ k
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)4 C$ s' l8 T! N8 T+ `
例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.  J9 S, R) z* c, V5 v" b0 g
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
4 Z5 j$ d" ~) [0 \三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对..有很大的影响)
" I6 S6 j" G. y- G  J1 G( w例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.
0 B  z- U' u8 }7 m& r4 q7 N# ~抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
' ~1 A3 m0 K) Y8 T" a0 r三十三、do good to (对..有益),do harm to (对..有害)
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老杨团队 追求完美
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益/ a5 e0 \% l! g9 K) @9 h! Z# I
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
/ m& H; R# X( y. ~/ Z0 j8 _三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
' x  w) T2 B" ~: M4 `/ i9 }6 M* X( R例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence." U: Y% E1 t9 U, M$ Z9 @: c
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。; }! L) {+ f. v  a: @( ^2 q3 B; T
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
9 r3 M) u4 `6 b! u2 R* T例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.3 E7 A( y7 S8 U" q- q4 j! o
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
* J! \8 z$ X* Q
! \( [$ O+ Q8 C$ i6 r& Q/ s3 c  X: B; R+ B, M  H: B
英文写作必背造词
: O- B, m& j2 [+ F& y欣赏大自然的风景 to appreciate the scenery of nature
# Z6 V2 |! W" z9 e1 G; ]培养公德心 to cultivate the public mindedness
9 W9 m: O; J& u2 a  h+ Y维护健康 to maintain health+ V, g7 U; R* ?& J: S6 a
保护环境 to protect the environment
2 \1 N8 T/ |- u/ a# M0 R开拓视野 to broaden the horizon: s" ~5 \' g" z9 _. f
开拓心胸 to broaden the mind
4 i% @2 R; \0 H( s- U调剂生活 to make life pleasant
% C' }- v) U% M! |1 U松散身心 to relax oneself2 R7 v, M1 [  E# u" b9 }1 S
启迪心灵 to enlighten the mind' B8 Q1 a  ^# X1 F7 B
灌输知识 to impart knowledge into someone
9 n$ Y! {* |4 m$ w- J# n7 B追求理想 to seek after the ideal  ~+ j3 I* h6 d  a8 x4 F7 e
实现抱负 to realize one's ambition
9 {& ~; I" {. R- Q3 F守信用 to keep one's promise
" [, Q. l' q3 d* f* Y* h( ?9 R: t- ]跟上时代 to keep up with the times  z1 G( @  ^* {' s% P1 m, p
欣赏古典文学 to appreciate the classical literature: R, j# b. B" `! \0 }) a3 H
学习吉他 to learn guitar5 }) u2 \9 Y2 i$ M. O2 K" h$ z
陶冶品德 to cultivate the character
- K7 l+ ], ~+ @  r8 H' Q( v贡献国家 to contribute oneself to the country
' d& g( E& i6 b8 T! W8 W0 r锻炼身体 to strengthen, exercise the body
# [) s& A5 B3 H9 K. g' J5 ~/ H缺乏休闲活动 to lack recreations- k" y/ X3 u; |) e+ a' j; [/ ^% E
作笔记 to take notes
8 Q  F+ x9 {2 ?; R9 _4 ?- l使用参考书 to use reference books3 q- Y8 w1 H. }( v
关心社会 to be concerned about the society
% R8 |- Q7 M0 s: p2 |1 l服从校规 to follow the rules of the school
5 M) V2 U3 [4 I% J7 K0 R; u尽身为学生的责任 to fulfill one's duty as a student0 z& I; _5 [+ J$ K8 W# R$ R
克服困难 to overcome the difficulty( Y& U" B$ n( [. f
面临困难 to be confronted with the difficulty$ y9 U7 |, D  t. N
渡过困境 to weather the storm
, N5 S6 M" B4 \! y( P& T走快捷方式 to cut the corner
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量脉搏 to feel the pulse# E6 q# B# N9 `8 F9 v! H5 \  T( _
开药方 to prescribe the medicine
8 r8 _! g, M- U% r: f! D, {7 u坚守原则 to stick to the principle
2 F- I; F6 I6 N2 `注意卫生 to emphasize the importance of hygiene
& ^( J! ]+ ]& Y8 L. X2 ~( o( V( g乱丢垃圾 to litter; to scatter garbage
5 k9 q4 q: s! c美化环境 to beautify the environment
* J) ?4 d- N1 D: G: X, `( ?种植树木 to grow trees/ m* O$ s! o0 M$ c7 V8 ]% d
防止污染 to prevent the pollution
) z& Y* X, m8 t+ R3 X4 O提升生活品质 to promote the qualities of life! S- X6 v# b  ]) ^+ {' j' q$ {9 @
造成损害 to do damage to
% u& F* O. j0 g; l对...有益 to benefit; to be beneficial to; A$ j# Q0 v: |0 Y7 p( ^, |# i2 D
对...有害 to be harmful to; to do harm to
$ `/ X3 V+ o) E% L任意停车 to park the car at random
! X8 x! C2 ]% I, R( M& q2 f* t制造噪音 to make noises! m$ x8 f( u+ w* Y  w( k5 ^- y
占用人行道 to occupy the sidewalk- B/ U, m/ e. c9 K8 q
妨碍交通 to hinder the traffic3 g8 W( x/ J) s1 b4 r6 j  b  d0 J
排放污烟、废气 to belch smoke, exhaust, fume
5 G; c9 e* n( a" x造成不便 to cause inconvenience* o6 ?* F4 u; w
造成混乱 to bring about the disorder9 X. v; A: @: D! ~
闯红灯 to run through the red light
. G- K0 L# w* O: t# g/ N利用天桥 to make use of the overpass
8 n: V/ P+ }, T/ Q查字典 to consult the dictionary
: t; Z( i/ _; I! R" z: E( F( |, O: B屏息 to hold one's breath
7 T5 Z. m+ ?0 r! v流泪 to shed tears  i; c. R! D6 x5 Y" u3 B% q
符合需要 to meet the demand
  T( e9 ^% U5 `7 e$ @生根 to take root  U% }/ m# g6 i5 s
产生结果 to bear fruit* _5 `, V) u" G* v
打破沉默 to break the ice
( C. a, e; o( n$ O0 d气馁 to lose heart; to get discouraged) O4 w- A3 D- a" p  Z' {, g
振作 to pull oneself together; to take heart
) X- \5 o7 q( n) w( V2 B1 L! S, ?采取步骤 to take steps; to take measures
0 q; w' b) y+ i缓和悲伤 to ease ( alleviate ) the sorrow
  U* Q9 y" z8 a0 n* Q& u承受负担 to bear the responsibility/ g, |+ n$ q9 H
考虑到 to make allowance for" }( X; N! v* x  S( l+ D
把握机会 to seize the opportunity
2 x# y, N, E" T3 I$ L. D2 C跑腿 to run an errand( Y) }& g; ?+ K2 I; K* S6 c/ ^5 V# n
树立楷模 to set a good example
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接受教育 to receive education
7 B" D8 U' K4 n! d- ]提升生活的水准 to raise the standard of living
0 q# e) G" l/ Z% A6 U告辞 to take one's leave$ [' Y. `, v% H# z9 H( |4 i, b
有很深的了解 to have a deep understanding of
- f6 i2 x) c: e5 V% Z/ D* ^跟随流行 to follow the fashion* H( I% I; R- o( U. ]$ f
提钱 to withdraw money+ W3 b8 z9 l6 i
存钱 to deposit money
$ G% ~, h1 N  _( e6 V  a良心不安 the conscience stirs
# v" X' X, O. }$ ?& @: {2 N自立 to be independent; to stand on one's own8 x( o6 R  V7 h& L/ i
英文很好 to have a good command of English  O$ A& x" n# z+ r( }+ ^2 w
有广泛的知识 to have a wide range of knowledge' J$ D! X9 w4 D6 @
喜爱艺术 to have a great liking for arts
7 a& j# Q1 [( Q* n. \/ S8 u! d# B扮演重要角色 to play an important role in3 v+ |$ o* l7 b
聊天 to have a chat with$ ], O( Y$ ?' q
有...才能 to have a talent for- i/ ?& z3 O/ u( E! i" f
选择 to make a choice
5 i1 r4 }, T1 G/ D2 [  D有很大的影响 to have a great influence on
; B# Y2 _9 K$ |2 W1 P" ^2 d予人...很深的印象 to make a deep impression on: V; I" u2 U6 e; O' h
愚弄 to make a fool of
& F' T5 F  \! ~, m9 z9 N找借口 to make an excuse
0 N4 x2 Z9 x; h/ R+ L) x! [给人搭便车 to give one a lift
* G; j- a/ ], [, R% _  K5 {  _打电话 to give someone a ring7 k) ?3 D$ o' C
冒险 to take chances4 f* v/ K- U% r5 W( b# ]: Z
怀恨 to bear grudge against someone' _* W9 H0 |4 C% T  @! n
牢记在心 to bear .....in mind
6 b& t: E6 J( J4 K( @板着脸 to pull a long face- W2 W% b0 G4 k* z7 ?
对...充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to
% c) Q/ I- y, `7 G被开除 to be dismissed from school6 C4 b8 d7 _0 u, {2 O
生气 to be angry with ( at )
8 b! A7 t- K" t5 A. E% l% U负担责任 to assume the responsibility6 U0 F8 u3 r2 k- U3 J  H9 Q( C
符合需要 to serve the purpose' |' d  k. M% f
变胖 to gain weight
; U) K1 J( S) z# r( C8 e8 U有道理 to make sense
! G9 f. Q# f6 k4 u记日记 to keep a diary& ~( [  W& q- t  F" A1 b
尽己所能 to do what one can4 [2 {, ?: v# m) U# f0 {
擅长网球 to be at home in tennis- {$ W& n+ P7 j/ B; D" c
郊游 to go on an outing
7 R- s8 i' N# t0 \/ m- B" U: F消磨时间 to kill time8 L% g1 {* P8 n6 }: i0 @$ l. e' b
增加生活的情趣 to increase the pleasures of life
: y# c: p* P( P2 u5 x+ A精神抖擞 to be ( feel ) refreshed
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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
解除紧张和焦虑 to relieve the tension and anxiety* E; D  U0 E; G
宣泄久积的情绪 to release the pent-up feelings
6 `3 x! o8 T! a: [9 G3 k$ M1 m% o1 p游手好闲 to fool around
: ^. u: K. ?6 j2 y准备考试 to prepare for the examination
( w' F* n/ @( Z3 ^5 n参加课外活动 to take part in the club activities
; y( ]3 P, @! z无精打采的 to be listless+ c+ E4 v7 q9 T% w' c
精力充沛的 to be vigorous, energetic) \$ U# l8 W" }% A! Z
防台 to guard against the typhoon1 O/ K8 M6 Z& M+ E
逃避现实 to escape the reality
+ U6 G: D7 K. l/ c达到目标 to achieve the aim
& v# C5 Q$ B/ q: ]0 P五育并重 to lay equal emphasis on the Five Disciplines
: u4 t6 L, h! G! o  D感到无聊 to feel ( be ) bored
7 w" k- c* r# i% G  C/ |/ ]/ e感到剌激 to be excited
2 i' |1 {9 R/ v感到满意 to be pleased, satisfied
5 Z# |- l8 ^+ Z0 G- M感到失望 to be disappointed3 @7 C, p7 U  o% O" m
感到振奋 to be encouraged, inspired
$ n* z) x% M8 P0 x3 v3 Y) F0 ~感到气馁 to be discouraged, frustrated8 ~1 q7 F+ |4 S  M2 P! Y# [: G' ?
感到疲倦的 to be exhausted4 b" [4 V. M2 I! }4 Q2 s% }9 h
感到烦恼 to be worried, upset, disturbed, bothered  j) Z% D. T' u& U1 d, M4 P7 l4 H
放弃理想 to abandon the ideal
, g2 h3 R; z5 F. J3 m) s0 J奠定基础 to lay the foundation3 P0 U5 t% o! z* s5 i
失去耐心 to lose patience$ d$ Y' }5 t0 a6 o) d/ @
进步 to make progress
% o# O; S# `# L失去连络 to lose track of
9 w9 @2 m+ _) Y/ D" j) `5 S保持连络 to keep in touch with
2 k/ ~- d7 I2 d$ ^- I& Y误入歧途 to go astray! A" ^  [5 t/ b" J
养成...的习惯 to make it a rule to; to cultivate the habit
8 ]( ~0 h4 x) F$ r# A9 {统一中国 to reunify China! q+ C6 h$ R9 g  e$ M' |- p
遇到交通阻塞 to be caught in a traffic jam
/ k. a- w, L5 h8 m0 l1 b- d" [给...教训 to teach someone a lesson
) B2 ?) f1 y# ~, T1 O$ @; |1 p改过自新 to turn over a new leaf8 A6 D) S1 o  f' q6 }+ V
引以为乐 to take delight in6 f( X% u& b9 Q) x
予...以打击 to deal a heavy blow to
) P. a& j" w4 J3 p% d4 V予...以威胁 to pose a threat to; \: D+ c' m* z1 O* y; k+ G7 F* X
取代 to take the place of6 b8 k2 l0 w/ p$ [% h
预作保留 to make the reservation  G: l, @. _- |& J+ }
使...澈夜未眠 to cost someone a sleepless night
2 `$ S) G+ Y* _  ]充满喜悦 to be filled with joy
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背诵 to learn....by heart' `1 _2 R/ O+ |( r0 @3 R
鼓励 to encourage, inspire3 `6 w. E5 C1 S$ R4 F  Y# n% f
产生不同 to make a great difference
2 l2 @2 e& \6 M2 k8 e  ?犯法 to violate the law  Y: o4 l8 ^$ P/ T
不遗余力 to spare no efforts to  F0 W8 }& h. S6 q& i4 q( f/ s  R
不辞辛劳 to take the pains to9 N4 h) `6 Z' y! [
  to1 d0 z- R, J& a0 W! F/ A5 Y% p
. z& _: p  U5 V
  语气转承词) O  u0 r- r% m) _9 e
" v; `% Q4 G$ H
语气转承词是连系意念的字,有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性;首先,转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性,这时转承词安置于句间,以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次,转承词有助于段落间的连系,置于段首的转承词,将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段,做进一步的申论。2 q. e5 z+ _0 D5 p! i1 W6 h
8 r, x; @  f9 d( N; C1 |6 ?
以下,就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能,并就各大项中重要者熟背几个,将来段落写作时就可派上用场,以增加文章之流畅,以下是十二种转承词,分别用来表示:
4 t  K! F9 `3 q
  z0 m4 B  j+ }2 l" G! D一、解释( to explain )  E. {* i: F- F' X& w
1. now现在;那么(表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等,通常置于句首并加逗点) 2. in addition而且;此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实;实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故
% V( r$ v0 Q1 u& X9 A例句:1.Now, follow the directions carefully.! u' u0 A6 Q; p
2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.& O% s+ t% G- q# S! O3 ^  A
3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.& A2 o& V/ d- e9 G" @* w9 m
二、强调( to emphasize )
/ w; K% q0 h$ z+ s* f! l/ Y) M1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其;最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是
# t9 @& v  T* d; k; o  N7 p例句:1.Certainly the vacation was fun.
& B, g, W9 V8 ]" N, M2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语:人不能离群索居。
( c' y% T9 `" D: K3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)7 c- W5 Y+ H; o. G' O- p: A3 Y, V0 ^( s
: l$ f; \5 d) W8 Q
 三、举例( to illustrate )
3 }8 ?" g' }( j; i7 q4 @5 \/ V1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次;然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之;那就是说 9. in particular尤其;特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地;主要地% \( P  v2 `8 b  `) X4 u  ?" r% P' }- n+ g
例句:1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.
% M3 [* r4 f6 E# C. H7 o1 @3 Y' l2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.  n% f& B$ ?5 P" [- |1 f/ R1 n
3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.
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四、增加或附属( to add )
; l8 C9 d- S: W9 X  S1. in addition而且;此外 2. furthermore而且;更有甚者 3. also也;而且 4. moreover而且;更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除...之外 9. what's more而且! Z0 [2 h6 S) ]  K8 L
例句:1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.4 Z8 Q& g& u6 f$ k. u7 h$ G. V
2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.  g$ ~, p1 d! u3 ~
3.Also, she asked for some money.
/ I) ~; A9 T" b% }
! S' L4 F/ m" \' M/ \1 q 五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较
8 d; \- n2 U% u! ?# c2 l& j1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地
: a% C- d- f, d8 p9 x2 o例句:1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.4 }: D/ h, z+ {: s% m
2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.
* ]; ]; f: I) g# ~3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.3 m" V  f# m) }
; F+ [( l5 |/ g$ c+ A* j) x9 v' z
 六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )1 A# `( y; }$ ?
1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替;更换;反而 7. but然而;但是 8. instead of代替;不...而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然4 M7 j& g3 i8 [+ i* Q" g
例句:1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.
" v) g- D$ O5 D! o0 {2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地,他们走上街头。
. D3 x' S7 N+ e8 v: {/ Z3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.' m" M' c% ^! g2 p( D5 G9 Q! T% D
七、让步( to concede )8 G) r9 ?4 C$ P1 h# k
1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许
+ x9 @) Z7 A# i7 @) E$ q! U: x例句:1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.' M; z+ T! w3 K& n' F( D( W9 g) d: ^
2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help.
! m% D0 U7 a: Y" |  W3 @) f3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.6 C1 T/ c; o. M7 R$ P3 j
八、结果( to state a consequence ); z* {& v0 i7 e" y5 Q8 T& ?$ f( u
1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」,「所以」,「结果」 7. so所以;因此
, a2 a- l: V/ G0 H8 b, S例句:1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.
' k6 m0 e- X/ E2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.
# B- I, ~+ n" x. W+ M1 w2 U$ F$ S0 w3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.
5 m  I! |- I- v) y九、综合;总结( to sum up )
$ z: y# g# i1 P! z4 X: q* S1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「总之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「简言之」 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言;一般而论
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例句:1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday." Q% @4 B) E. z! d# K
2.In summary, recreation is a big business.0 G% W5 x* F0 U: u1 _( |: k5 Z
3.I will tell it in a nutshell.
- ]# j" J7 S) G$ G& [十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )
' y/ X9 |( L  t: t1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久,过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经;一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近;近来 14. sooner or later早晚
3 n/ \, J3 Y. T  U% P$ S9 D- j! w, M例句:1.They met after a long absence.1 i. J1 E$ s, s2 e' v1 W( C! c
2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy.
. A) ?) `, G, Z" ?) y  R0 m3.Thereafter, they never met again.
- y8 v3 D" {' p6 B7 K- }# \* u十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )* l6 H/ O( d' e
1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后;终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地;顺便一提
* O+ A) Z9 U" s例句:1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.
3 H% `4 l/ q( w# r, l, n  n2.Eventually, they came to an agreement.: y: p8 Z: D$ X
3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.
% f3 |- I/ T0 d5 K6 z5 D十二、方向( to state directions )" ?# ?* n6 U) D0 }; S' s  v
1. below在...下面 2. next to在...的旁边 3. beyond超越;越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在...右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在...对面  F& e4 O- W" E* \: H
例句:1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.
: e0 M$ T7 y8 `: ]/ T1 \4 D( `2.On my right lies the beautiful river.
1 R# N2 i6 M, U* E1 \% P9 H3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.- i: x- ?- ~" o+ G- r" Z1 G- [* S
---------------------------------------------------------------1 o  N+ l9 C2 |0 I& L- V8 }
 英文作文「起、承、转、合用语精选」1 d, Y2 L* `9 S2 w. \6 r
: V8 J2 M" B3 Y8 K3 R# ~/ X" ^
英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅,从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨,以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者,同学要想在短时间内速成,不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之,并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来,使熟能生巧,才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然,同学不应该忘记,这些用词只是套语,真正重要的还是文章内容,所以平常多读、多写,丰富自己的意念与想象力,才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。
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2.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知,…) Y( S- t2 \6 q$ R) Y
3.As the saying goes, S + V...常言道,…
4 u5 c8 M- b0 e; W  ]7 H4.Everybody knows that + S + V...众所周知,…; ?2 F8 ~2 m3 ^" P" Q
5.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说,…) ^  ~  N, L9 r3 X7 q+ q" \
6.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言,…* @8 o1 G% S# D
7.I'm of the opinion that + S + V...依我之见,…* w) d0 S- l( v
8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信,…
- d2 ^! L* N& O9.In dealing with..., one cannot but admit that S + V...在讨论…,一个人不得不承认…
1 C9 P4 P# D# u! U10.In general, S + V...一般而言,…" H4 i; P- D* ^8 d
11.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见,…# y3 X$ M8 |2 m8 S" R
12.It can be easily proved that S + V...…是容易证明的2 m2 _8 a1 C7 B0 B
13.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说,…
; i; ?; c; ~# _% [( K14.It is out of the question to V…是不可能的4 N( _! S9 |; i, l% F8 q% b" ?
15.It's quite obvious that S + V...不消说,…
) y7 W3 `; T3 c3 s# V" x* T+ K/ z16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that...据说5 U7 [' a, Z; {
17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V(…是)重要的
# D4 ^" g) W6 ?0 T( x& I( w& J8 i18.It's true that + S + V...事实是
# O2 |( _5 k* B; \( N1 q  @19.Lucky to say, S + V...说来幸运,…
$ q" v, u+ k2 g; r20.Needless to say, S + V...不消说,…1 c: A0 @: k- Y# o5 r7 A/ \5 }3 d
21.No one can deny that + S + V...没有人可以否认…( U' x" @: D7 C& c; e
22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ...世界上没有什么比…更令我高兴
' A* b! y# [( _$ U23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than...在我所认识的人当中,也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬
; u  B/ Y* U5 l% P) \4 l2 i- f, `24.On the average, S + V...一般而言,…
2 ~2 J* {6 _6 O# x" N25.Regretful to say, S + V...说来遗憾,…; {; q& K9 z+ R" O6 @( o( \
26.Sad to say, S + V...说来可悲,…
# O0 z6 x6 Z- g% _* m7 I27.Strange to say, S + V...说来奇怪,…
. A, o% I8 W4 M- k1 q28.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说,…
* e6 A4 v" R  P: x' X29.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问,…
/ Q) i- u- Q% D) Z: P30.There is no V-ing...…是不可能的! h0 J9 y/ P+ g. Q5 E3 \: E
31.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…$ ~6 |$ j( g. x  F/ \1 x
32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V...据我所知,…6 W$ z8 Q1 ^' [5 l' o5 l/ K

8 Y7 {& e  T  A; I& G0 V  (承); K" T# C- @# u8 x

* X# O& y) z; Q; w( z1.According to + N , S + V...根据…,…
2 O- R( y, V  x/ a2.As a matter of fact, S + V...实际上,…
5 U* B. N+ t7 d' G8 f; ^* r' i3.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论,…
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4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V...幸运地(不幸地)& o; v8 l, W  `0 ]" q% l  J
5.As is often the case with + O, S + V...…对…是常有的事8 X: X; v3 v4 ^" l
6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V...此外,我们不应忽略
* [- X7 X  m  W$ E! X, c7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, ...但是问题不是如此单纯。所以…
- O4 H2 i9 c8 I  y" r& k- {) W# t& J( V: W8.But it is a pity that S + V...但是遗憾的是…+ w/ }* ~3 K6 R. \2 C+ Q. v9 L
9.Compared with + N, S + V...较之…,…
. N& a! h( v' q7 [: p% u10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...即使…,…* o% l9 y  U1 T, m; Q1 D, F
11.First of all, S + V...首先,…. @3 Y! N6 ], H: @" \
12.For all + N, S + V...虽然…,…
' z9 @7 b* A5 U13.For example, S + V...例如,…
) [: i7 j, C8 \5 j4 j/ j14.For instance, S + V...例如,…: E: g$ S6 t# y  A3 Y# M
15.For one thing, S + V...一则,…
7 f$ O& S/ w  t% u0 X- H- p" B16.For the other, S + V...另一方面,…
4 F7 w8 g+ ^5 A17.For this reason, S + V...因为这个缘故,…5 p. O& j3 S2 Z( v' ]2 o, }
18.I take it for granted that S + V...我认为…是理所当然的
. ]3 F* j1 p. I  ?: z! A0 [19.If we take ... into account ( consideration ), we + V...如果我们考虑到…,我们…" t- F# G. a$ p: Y
20.In accordance with + N, S + V...根据…,…- e' v! ?; U( v) C
21.In addition, we should + V...此外,我们必须…- l2 N' V& `7 I" [! O
22.In all likelihood, S + V...十之八九,…0 Q2 ~4 |8 _  A( E/ O. p, G: W
23.In comparison with + N, S + V...和…比较,…
8 M( G8 I9 c4 l* w2 C9 z24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V...事实上,…
9 s% f& b, V2 Y$ M2 B2 t# f% s25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V...十之八九,…' I* Q; P2 a" X$ ?8 k' }
26.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…' U8 Y) M2 D/ k. K' N0 D: M
27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V...关于…,…
0 f9 i4 o0 ?, i) K$ @28.In spite of + N, S + V...虽然…,…
% f; Z1 H+ E7 b1 O+ v- c7 r29.In the beginning, S + V...首先,…& u, k: ^# ~' |/ K# `# M" z
30.In the first place, S + V...首先,…7 r  N2 L9 q0 \0 \  V
31.It is not too much to say that S + V...…说起来并不过份, T8 Y6 k" u& M) L0 }+ B
32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...无论…,…3 l7 O& F- q' c" L
33.To begin with, S + V...首先,…
9 b( ?# d) d5 @$ v34.To change another words, S + V...换句话说,…
/ \. f, _" e' N( u! t$ g35.To cite an old saying, S + V...套句古人说的话,…+ U) e+ t3 i3 o7 H
36.To one's astonishment, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
' Z0 {& P1 c" C6 r3 w5 H37.To one's delight, S + V...令某人高兴地,…
, h, J/ V/ m- o# i7 p; K/ J38.To one's disappointment, S + V...令某人失望地 ,…
& P5 g; `+ z# t39.To one's excitement, S + V...令某人兴奋地,…3 m+ l" P5 [( T" k
40.To one's joy, S + V...令某人高兴地,…5 U( R8 k. q. G
41.To one's regret, S + V...令某人后悔地,…
& K* m* \2 W% X4 {7 i42.To one's surprise, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
" f' S/ G2 G* r+ o. Z43.To start with, S + V...首先,…
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同言同羽 置业良晨
44.To take...for example, S + V...举…为例,…) {+ `: N- [. V( Q8 k- p
45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由…
9 }/ g* z- m  i0 `1 u46.What I must emphasize is ...我必须强调的是…
- c. _- X" p* B4 s6 R47.What's more, S + V...此外 ,…
& Z1 s( Q3 O% M5 @- \48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V...问题似乎是…& _6 t! I4 E( T$ k0 R* ?9 i" O

) g! t4 W+ @6 q  (转)! b7 I7 F9 H* p" t
& V5 @) q5 J5 p8 y3 e, ?5 G
1.By contrast, if..., it will certainly be the fact that S + V...相反地,假如…,那一定…  d9 A/ A& s# M# M* `
2.But for + N, S + V(假设法过去式或过去完成式)...若非…,…) |! B, X' `$ i8 A% z7 i1 c
3.From now on, S + V...从现在起% ~' G9 e. P% v: C
4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2...一…就…' k# R/ C& b8 _/ b  p
5.Have you ever + V (p.p.)....?你曾经…吗?8 w6 L* z$ [2 |- ]# z1 R+ k5 s  n
6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2....万一…,…  z( q% {& q6 ]$ R: ?
7.If only + S + V...!但愿…!
* d6 e' _; d; B/ ^* w$ f8.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…, Y- O1 @$ q  f2 ~) a$ Q) d$ B7 _
9.In the meantime, S + V...同时,…
/ |& _/ B; W3 [  V# a1 D10.In the similar way, S + V...同样地,…
2 V  h1 M; B; ?: A' _$ Z11.In this manner, S + V...如此一来,…6 i- }+ j3 m5 [3 O8 K! }1 F, e
12.In this light if..., there can surely be no doubt that S + V...有鉴于于此,假如…,确实无疑地…) d( E0 v5 x/ G# ^9 G8 ?
13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错…,但是…  F0 U( l3 }) H. a
14.It's 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V...正是…4 Z2 U9 g# l. q; ]# @
15.It's high ( about ) time for + O + to V...该是…的时候了
6 {! v- B2 _9 f+ K3 Y16.It's high ( about ) time that + S + should V...该是…的时候了4 _& O0 r; Q: k) E3 Y
17.It stands to reason that S + V...…是理所当然的
* l. K. Y! w+ _" o( @! e, }' n" C18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错,…,但是…
9 k7 d* p( U! T3 C8 D) c5 W8 S19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2...既然…,…
1 q9 ~& t# C  Q+ v' t% \" U# v, [20.On the contrary, S + V...相反地,…
) I( b9 e: |4 i4 d/ r' X7 d21.On the one hand, S + V...一方面,…
' |9 v) E5 `- V% ?) c/ S% L22.On the other hand, S + V...另一方面,…& F# L7 e* [' N* m5 _; H9 l$ d* K
23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V...一…就…- v4 ?( {; I$ \$ t# [" C
24.Owing to + N, S + V...由于…,…
" o, m: S1 n& }8 f4 n; Z6 z25.The chief reason why + S + V + is...…主要的原因是…
; Z0 z2 i" r* \1 E+ t; N- S26.To do one justice, S + V...公平而论,…/ ~& Y# u. V, q: p
27.To make matters worse, S + V...更糟的是,…9 e; e+ K5 U, J4 C! m
28.To put it differently, S + V...换句话说,…* a9 a& o# S* H/ h6 s9 b/ r7 D
29.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…
& d" @& T4 C! q- g2 J; F9 O30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V...毫无疑问地,…
( P! ]4 Y: V) J7 e7 {/ @. Y31.We must recognize that S + V...我们必须承认
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32.We cannot be too +我们愈…愈好" e3 L) ]" U3 G& y% ?- i
33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈…愈好) w$ K% U9 A/ v% ?2 D" z
34.We cannot over-V我们愈…愈好
; S$ Q/ U  q) m35.What if S + V.........?要是…该怎么办?
  n: L- t( x" k1 |! k7 j  o: ?' R36.What's worse, S + V...更糟的是 ,…
0 O: @! E. c/ K: b37.Without + N, S + V(假设法)... 若非…,…& ]- ~8 p3 P( p7 w. T
38., not to mention + N…,更甭说…* d: {5 [6 ?% H# p
39.; that is to say, S + V...…,那就是 ,…9 e0 S! c" d. @: ~- a
(合)
$ F1 a4 T" E7 B4 Z
# Z& r9 j& }6 ]" @! ?/ B/ y) ]* R8 Y1.Above all ( things ), S + V...最重要地,…
" l  K2 ^; m% r$ K0 ]2.According to the aforementioned, S + V...综观上述所云,…  x, K0 b) R: E* l
3.As a result ( consequence ), S + V...结果,…: b) K8 d# x/ R) K' `; e- E
4.As long as S1+ V1, S2 + V2...只要…,…
6 G* F7 O' T/ I4 n- D7 K: B- `5.As we know from the above, S + V...由上述我们可知,…
. o. y5 W# K- R' {# U6.At any rate ( cost ), we should V...无论如何,我们应该…
4 P- A6 g6 X& b6 V7 I  W+ d  \7.Because of this, we can find that S + V...因为如此,我们可以知道…  d" V: [+ V7 F2 R3 v! D
8.For this reason, S + V...基于此因 ,…
3 F3 P1 _; Z+ ^6 q$ g9 p9.From the ... point of view, ...从…的观点来看,…
+ t* T! L7 r* J  B2 a1 m2 O) q10.If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that S + V...假如我们能做到以上所提者,无疑地…
# _+ U7 ]3 ]2 f11.In a word, S + V...一言以蔽之,…5 d6 b! A7 f7 ^9 x2 Q
12.In any case, we should V 无论如何,我们应该…
3 u0 k1 i1 i' A8 {: M13.In short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…
8 c+ Q" m* D; p7 x: M14.In conclusion, we should V 总而言之,我们应该…+ W2 Y# L4 V0 O" d8 N0 z( M
15.Judging from the above, S + V...从以上来判断 ,…
$ \: }+ A$ H& H16.Last but not least, S + V...最后还有一件重要的事就是…
3 m' N* V" B1 Q4 u  j5 o, Q; _17.Only by this can we V...只有以此我们才能…
" W" U6 q3 X. M+ U1 h; `18.On the whole, S + V...整体而论 ,…
9 ~- P- l1 F- Z19.On this ground, S + V...基于此种原因
; ^* [4 D2 B/ T7 S20.Owing to this fact we can find that S + V...因此我们可以知道…
2 ?( N) Y. a4 Y3 ?# E21.The long and the short of it, S + V...总之 ,…
- M# ]1 e# s- J$ F22.To be short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…
3 C; i& j0 G2 |5 r' u/ }23.To sum up ( conclude ), S + V...总之 ,…
$ z2 `- d5 m) G24.Thus, this is the reason why S + V...因此,这就是为什么…的原因
5 y+ p1 c1 d6 O% w7 g- `8 x25.Under no circumstances should we V...无论如何我们绝不…( v3 X3 f( @- F* T
26.What we must do is to V...我们只要…就可以了
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