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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! , D! `" o6 P, _5 E$ {
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一、厕所
6 ?, H. h- G) C4 L3 H9 d 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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. @. q& A) \3 [ 二、解小便 ( J3 E' @2 A3 J, m& ^
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
' n9 B' b* r' J5 I$ H2 V! N0 T& a Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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( s) A6 L5 k% n/ J! ~8 x+ e+ B 医生或许也会问:
7 m3 M+ l6 [7 r6 r$ H2 e5 r6 T7 U0 p Do you have trouble urinating? - T. a6 [: T% |0 {
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " o: e3 B0 Q! ^- ]# }) Y2 t
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此外,还有其他的说法:
3 u0 ` \+ G# f) t& s to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
1 k) z. U% W V * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. " [( P1 W( X7 E% a* a) k4 P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: * Z% a* Q% ~# W3 s* A! R5 p
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
' `6 g D# A$ [% ?$ O8 u$ A+ R 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. " Z1 D2 p9 x# L u( Y; \
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 8 m( d8 x6 d! @* w6 i- c2 N
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
$ E2 r, [: J0 q$ g 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: H9 j: ]/ x" {7 B0 c
* The boy needs to pee. 1 \( O5 X% Y8 S0 Z, V+ ~' ^. Q
6 ], W5 V+ ~: \2 ~% ?9 e/ ]" o7 q6 {1 W 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 0 a# W; Z ]9 |- r+ D& D% ^& d9 [
* Do I need a urine test? 4 T. K1 C" a- h4 J. m6 }
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
, m; T, c( C2 t Z: a% m Z0 v8 T4 P * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
' ^0 S6 N' @. U% E" i+ j * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) - H. O! u! ?9 O! I( i% F+ |
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
0 u5 F! q9 I/ K) N1 t: J * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
/ t9 ^! Y! Q2 r6 K/ J2 Y! g * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
`+ W3 w- p% C * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . `6 t( o( H8 i8 P% c
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) , o# a8 r/ R7 ~: c3 C" x; E# \) ~
5 g% j% \/ j N6 I 三、解大便
: ~2 ?0 F, s2 J e 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: , ?) F. ~3 Q# ]1 z1 l
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) . R$ g+ p- {6 G9 S: U4 O9 m
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
& N8 L0 [9 {6 L; X8 C * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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+ b/ Q ^% g+ A' D; l6 L 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: # B: @6 y- r8 U; D* m' W; ~7 c
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 7 X" U3 C. C* ^1 \
! M H- B" F/ \: M+ Y& } 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
z. U5 G. L2 g% u2 Z * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 3 c- M, R) X+ c+ q
/ ?4 v2 O5 G i9 P 四、放屁
& }$ L$ D) ]. @5 H 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * K' ~ x- }4 t% A, F- F1 |; Q! p
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
& K$ F5 x/ X; D( |6 Y" w3 c9 t 你放屁的次数很多吗?
; W# G9 B \& Q% K * Is the gas expelled by belching?
8 E/ B% h N; A2 m9 r 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ; }3 e3 }$ i, a$ @ C4 N
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 7 R2 ]: L& E k/ F2 a- T9 K1 h
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
; {3 {& C+ L2 Q4 ?- |& u' Q * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
% f( F8 J. Q* ^- R 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 , P) Z/ ?9 m# k- |
* Be careful not to fart in the public. ' J) N3 ^# e3 L" c2 B2 e0 h
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 B0 q; }' D5 F0 Q
$ j) Q8 d# o0 K& x 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 1 \5 L" X! v. `
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) . T# m+ F- }2 V" W! U/ h
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. / g/ s- Y* k6 _( Z& q* m' ^
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ( k! g) ?+ t% H; a; f9 q
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
. W, P+ a2 t/ r+ F * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
/ N( C3 ]2 [1 K6 c: h 他经常便秘。) 或
1 \- s2 w+ d) m, u, I6 r * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 7 p" A) ]$ U: @( ~( S
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
N# Z, T! j# z) y d& r * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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7 G _2 ~5 u# F2 ~% Q * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
, |) e, }# {# N; E( I4 O 他拉了一阵肚子。 1 `0 F4 L j7 m- K1 a
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ( b: g: \3 R) G# \: \
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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