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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 3 L5 S- l% T' J( n! s
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 9 G, ]% ~# h- p8 K. V. j) V+ z9 _
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二、解小便 # z( h8 X6 L2 A, a9 {- m/ T
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: + e3 x' C2 w& r# k
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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; t# H3 O/ Q$ I# Q& U 医生或许也会问: " Q0 f. s6 z3 \# ?
Do you have trouble urinating? 0 G8 z3 z, J- W& |
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 1 o( z4 a( l$ Y9 c( k) F
& [4 c, K2 @8 d 此外,还有其他的说法:
- a5 B1 e# h! T" I* n' | to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
3 q/ m& q$ G5 d) O3 { * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. $ \' O3 d( r4 s1 R, ~5 }
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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& U7 {3 X( T6 O+ u `4 L- ? 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
+ w0 {4 @4 f) g * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
9 ], J% S1 W$ {, h: w 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 , p" m0 l6 G& @7 E8 Q
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. t6 `- A o7 P# H
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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1 b# e1 X- U; ^ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
8 B. ~! T& r! c9 W7 w8 Y% a' J 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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) K3 N! p% v$ A; Z6 L0 L( M2 e" ] 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 5 @" ^( y' |9 s+ z3 D5 b! g
* The boy needs to pee. 8 X+ T+ `1 q v. M1 X
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
3 t+ C' ?! Y9 @3 E) F * Do I need a urine test? 7 N; M, \6 y' t# `) W
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: : w$ ~' I7 L! I
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
: T; P D! Z2 N" l5 b; G * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 2 ?& W, O; ~8 x7 s) l V
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ( w- B2 k7 H$ \
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; J; o$ W L& F$ J6 q4 ?7 f! `
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) # X% [9 E0 B* ^
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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+ j# d* l( e- W$ f6 l) s) w9 f 三、解大便
- I* |5 A o* W+ m) s: Z2 c 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
* S& k' C# |( d to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) " i1 m% k0 B" w
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
! `& X" A- n5 }. P5 T2 H9 t. Y * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ! r4 ?( w! s6 r, @# q
: g8 w6 _+ F" H4 o2 x& n+ R! J 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 9 ^6 x1 }- i/ f/ ^
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ' _0 x7 \% y; B" z5 w7 @+ ~, }, F
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
7 }% f; |( P% \, c- y * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) " f# r/ I& S* P# M: l' j
* C3 \. c8 ?9 x$ P2 Q 四、放屁
1 q2 D2 n; I+ D; b 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 4 ^2 w; {+ q+ n7 D& [+ \7 I h
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
' R$ E# z3 s( i5 c 你放屁的次数很多吗? p: }) A/ k/ Y
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
5 N ^# Y& U7 ^5 D4 x/ @3 t& T 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
7 p( P4 W* k( ] e * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. . G% o# v# T3 [. z& `2 ^5 H a; L
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & F. d% E) w* D6 [4 ?2 T
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ' s# Y( A R( ?* o3 H9 l8 q
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 : |% t9 d* ~; [, B
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
, @5 F+ g# V1 g3 s# n7 R' \ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 0 z4 j# ?4 e' r& n1 B
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
; Y; W8 E5 R3 v = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
: D- E# _& ?3 q1 w N 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) / p# t8 R/ o3 L2 ?: {! r# H) O
+ V# ]; k/ l; Z9 V" K0 y * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 1 a$ ?1 `0 C! N: j7 B! v
胃不舒服有两星期了。) # O# l# j* d$ ]( q
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
V" T0 g* K# X 他经常便秘。) 或 ! \+ b6 i d' H$ Q6 G7 h
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
4 n& ]" w1 y- w * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 # D2 z7 x" h* m1 _( O( I3 p* I& G* x+ r
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. # z8 D3 ~6 ?' z0 b
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
# ^& b- |7 p3 f7 w, Z1 `$ o 他拉了一阵肚子。
- q" b* I; V( \( d * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% F! N: Q8 _8 c, Z 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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