 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
5 e4 w1 S% j" y3 H9 I3 c5 v3 p2 L R
一、厕所 + r; D1 q1 [7 G. n# @$ j }6 Z! q
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
$ m9 I6 \* P7 \( N' r$ m$ y b# V
二、解小便 / n, _# ^+ a+ j
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: % O( w. Q& g6 ~: D
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
( E0 V! k! T9 O7 J) Z y v
' c x+ _) p0 _! g 医生或许也会问: % U, K7 \/ @+ v) i" s% x
Do you have trouble urinating?
- ~- |( T$ [' L {) p- o# F7 k =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ( o1 U" v. v8 Z0 j7 v0 m
4 y/ {* S8 Y3 b- d0 [% m+ N" D$ f! j8 c
此外,还有其他的说法: " a( f9 W; f1 f. _" l
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 1 _: {- x4 s* |$ c q$ ^1 h! x, S# D
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
# ~2 v" ~2 K7 j9 V * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 4 V8 r2 ~& `7 N0 F
" _5 L( p: p* V 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 S" ~) B9 c G8 Z! g/ _: i* s
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
# g8 H' D0 u( C6 q: ^9 o/ j 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
1 e6 }4 o: `; B o( V
2 j, y/ ]* r! o * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 5 V! B5 {2 I# f
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 1 h/ q) s4 q6 ^" |1 M# q/ |
8 u: G- p3 P. R* ~, T * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. # A5 Z D9 q+ G- H( A+ D) P: w
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 . K+ i9 R0 u! y( t* n# k g$ t" t
4 n2 C% q" t0 b" l! L5 D/ `9 S
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
7 j8 U7 r# B( [: B9 h0 w * The boy needs to pee. 8 X9 Y. q* Q# o+ c" y
1 z1 l. x5 y0 ~+ b
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: I* b0 r7 @/ ?) Z0 z
* Do I need a urine test?
+ r# v4 i% C/ W: z. o5 i% f, e3 m: a' E/ ^
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 3 B! q3 z& U" k1 G
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 5 \) ~" l1 J4 L8 O" H& K& `$ L' G
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
* t6 W3 _7 v% E$ b1 c; U& w% r6 O# t' j6 u& _1 [" t
如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ' K- W, ?. u6 i+ M1 h [0 {* @& A0 {
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
: R0 A& s% B: H, n * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 5 [+ W8 I$ G! e, l0 B
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ) m% _8 d K; y
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
, e: R' B' L( X, Z
( k! ?) i, s0 S; Q/ U/ y/ e5 F 三、解大便 & J! q$ l& D# h7 q2 x
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 0 j- B6 J- r7 `4 N- Q. p
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) , B K$ c% ^5 d1 {
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
: C" M! D$ D( N3 }9 _0 v, M* j$ `& w * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
5 |6 i1 F) q; h1 z2 N
1 m: ~2 K8 W; i* {: u 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
y z, Y& E$ z" m * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
# o1 T* c' @! [- b* M8 b. ~' v# i) i, }
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: / {9 `3 U0 L2 y. t! J5 i5 L
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) " p; O. `7 K$ f/ H& v
' J" d ]+ s, C- Y: H" b3 C 四、放屁
. f$ e5 {* T3 E+ p7 R: ~0 Z* v; j 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
; A0 y1 y% L6 g4 \ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
. v L% t3 ?) r8 p+ i7 o 你放屁的次数很多吗? _) b' w) c/ R) c: t3 g$ a3 M
* Is the gas expelled by belching? % [9 W9 X$ G& S0 H8 M8 }% D
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ! `" h+ o$ N4 F7 E
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# j& Z! X' m) b! y 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 " i: t) [* F+ k5 l7 U
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
# s, Q+ e1 u$ D, ]% ~5 z 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 / y& s" F- ?3 X9 o& S7 |* t
* Be careful not to fart in the public. + q* M; u% E2 N( D1 d
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 6 _4 U+ E9 Z" V9 ?: Y, R
) f& Y; g) `5 g- m: K 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: : G. _- Q/ h1 V' S
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
, W# I3 |5 v( ]) Y = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
! X7 e5 A( y3 d1 X6 G" z 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
: E7 ]# p7 S. N( a, v& F6 n" i _ T& i: [( X, }; ]: X
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & h: X6 L- `; Z6 q
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
4 s4 F* `6 c3 V) { ^, l6 i# x * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ( c6 e4 B0 s3 k
他经常便秘。) 或 . x5 z3 w2 l( J& R0 E& F
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
$ K& }- H1 T" j. N/ b/ F- |/ |/ l * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 $ |3 b7 E8 H1 C) A8 S9 J
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
3 e. [5 f% c; Z; K2 P j" M6 K4 x! y3 t% r5 I) ]
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
* i' m' f. r" m 他拉了一阵肚子。
) m; H: ?0 c$ a, V/ ] * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
5 n. o4 v; |" `8 h7 g q: j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
|