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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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- x6 K/ ^9 s" J8 n4 b% r; ~6 B/ e 一、厕所
! j0 f8 \3 c, G- ~6 y, f$ R* p 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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: D( k. [& b. } O* U8 T& h5 R 二、解小便 ( ]2 V* o) T. O3 V7 ?5 @
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: / b8 E' [: Z) h! r+ }! s
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 7 m( G% N$ w- B( P- w9 O9 C
. N- ~- ^+ u* m9 M5 k 医生或许也会问:
; w, K4 {. }$ n Do you have trouble urinating?
( Y% r: V+ Y4 E5 T =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) . Z: O0 V+ x# ?1 ^2 K J7 t6 Y' @
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此外,还有其他的说法: 8 m' A9 d% h1 a& h' `- u
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
% K; A. u6 x1 B/ j$ ^/ T( x * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
7 u! {3 c L/ K9 Y' u7 E * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 v$ R6 F% z! B
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
: U5 r5 b" }, q4 L# m* M * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
" x1 d0 b2 I4 Q: O8 `& h) h 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 . C5 m- J8 Z, e+ B
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 6 l1 s* R8 J: P( q( L
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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9 F4 x% D3 A- I, w * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ( ]' s$ J7 F- O! J- I4 r
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 0 [6 m. R; @5 b
* The boy needs to pee. ' C+ D7 M1 v$ \4 U2 L# T
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
& A' O7 Z4 a. ]: i6 C * Do I need a urine test? @. e/ p+ s& W8 @3 J
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: " z8 P5 D' z* O- G8 G4 l# D
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
& o* P& G: z4 t% ^) t9 c- b * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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6 c" s( r" [; z& n 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: & e4 z- ?( `+ _/ j
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : y; K# x7 X" e, e$ }; h
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ' m2 _. j2 `0 I
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
* T4 u0 {9 t Z2 ~- n" x1 y * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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) w5 k0 m% |9 I7 D8 u 三、解大便
* }3 S1 }7 T! u 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
; I6 H, @8 M- X5 K" Q; z- Y9 t to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
# p) o0 e7 }0 z: x =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 D5 P& b* C, B9 p! Y * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
4 V0 b/ G: i) t9 P6 T3 Q. Q * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / w( _' e$ s$ t
, f6 w. w9 Q f 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ s4 k# R; t O * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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1 I( a, r# R1 K/ u+ O+ q* z 四、放屁
9 H7 L. {1 X- K2 z" h! o0 ~ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , @ j( n5 N8 u. r- O8 e
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? : q1 u: L9 w/ N, h: N9 e
你放屁的次数很多吗? 2 p/ Z& d `8 C. L8 D6 o
* Is the gas expelled by belching? + M, }3 e+ c7 u( S1 |5 J
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ) D( Q5 W2 S6 U8 n/ ?$ B
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# k8 J5 L2 c, E! J1 M 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
& u( W, d9 x' ^ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 2 v# R, C; h& c. ?5 h
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 / l" K5 `- ] U
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 8 P8 [" v3 V) V7 B8 \
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # h8 I4 E+ u% b
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
7 P% E/ c* A1 S" g4 ] = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
+ |; @: s1 M2 ` 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 5 ^7 ]7 @, g( v( {$ X3 H6 w1 Y
; R. S6 F+ {9 U * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
1 t9 c- c& d+ \! l0 l 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
; J, m8 J8 k) E3 @" ]$ N: q% [ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ) n9 J P, E" ?" Q2 j+ x4 E7 v
他经常便秘。) 或 3 a: ?4 H" S! v7 Q! f* p
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 s W0 _# k4 c: t# { * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 + `! m3 ^' p+ W" R
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : g& _/ u5 g7 L( @9 B) P- G
他拉了一阵肚子。 * |0 ]# f& G: U1 \# @ f: M
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! O' X2 C; ^# r- B
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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