从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
, t" v5 d$ Q9 x* A5 j; Y! K/ e例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

. O! w, D# l9 I6 Z# }A：I like apples.

2 t3 z- H9 N, h' F' l3 ^B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
3 t+ v  U/ i( {* ~) [
/ X: S) w9 o7 o+ R2 [% d　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

( r/ B3 Q0 B7 Y; [* [/ S6 ?) A本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

4 Q. d! P0 s0 j9 v5 o: a2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
6 X# R0 H* S3 M3 c% H
又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

) W! _  N+ K7 m1 \5 I第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
9 ^0 E/ @# K* K+ F( c3 j7 Y
! Q. F# n/ _, Y( a# }9 h+ Y第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

! `9 [% N* a+ P7 ~$ V- J3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
4 v& r5 N0 v5 c& t
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

. [% y3 x, L+ q0 L& I如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!
3 `  D8 P  n8 y  n4 v. [; L8 q3 D
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
* b: h+ h( A; H' m  q# I8 B
) _& v- [# w; ]2 n/ h, NDerothy: Look it's raining!
# B% D( k; t# w& n
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
3 L" [9 D8 {* s5 S2 d8 v
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

( W0 L* N, z/ \+ ?Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
/ b0 y/ b  T& E
Derothy: So we can.
8 j0 s. \/ i- H" q; R' b
1 f1 L6 q8 T. c' A2 N) iDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

4 o  B& w' a; W  j5 G8 WDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
: N2 Z7 s# H& A0 Q9 ~( C
3 ~1 d0 h6 H. b8 l1 W* ?/ s3 w; @Denald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

4 C: O+ |: n8 ~& R0 pDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

0 @; H& \+ g+ I) RDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
) W, p# y7 V3 \- p# y
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

9 I! ^  d" C; J/ |Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
8 q( L, h# |- U  Y
% S+ A4 F4 |# Y1 N2 n0 @: _3 I& hDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

+ X" [. ~- O& Y# a2 M9 EDorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

, h0 M4 N2 C' ~5 K2 ODorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

: W) F3 j8 s/ g/ uDorothy: Nor do I!
: |5 `% e) s6 @4 U" M; Z2 Z
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

! t% v# B+ C: m4 B: D! qDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
0 d( E! R+ o0 B- F6 m
- |6 j1 G% u+ l+ ?8 ]6 WDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
+ Z6 y* N$ ^/ q9 Y/ Y6 p7 U
) e# d  J- F- h3 G: F1 pDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

( p% h% V  r5 `$ iDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
7 f7 g4 ?/ q# p6 Y8 I6 B9 X, A9 t
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
1 S- u3 ~( m! D" f( l# c- n0 H1 ^2 P
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.