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发表于 2009-5-20 21:54
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5、学点西方谚语,了解西方文化
5 `* r2 D" V# o& d( }( p0 I1)Man proposes, God disposes.
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; Q b9 o: ^9 [8 K这个说法最早见于14世纪,起初以 “If man proposes evil, God disposes of it.” 的形式出现, 意思是上帝会阻止想要为恶的人。这里的God, 既可以指上帝, 又可以指天意。 就像我们常说的“尽人事, 听天命”、“谋事在人,成事在天”一样, 尽力而为之后, 还要顺从自然的规律。 毕竟,人类是自然的一部分, 凡事皆不可强求, 与自然的和谐是人类的生存之本。 , y5 k4 h' q1 g9 f ?7 S+ U
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$ T- j0 W6 p3 [- T: Y1 i3 ^A: Bob, how about tomorrow’s driving test?Sure to pass,huh?
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B: I don’t know. I’ve done enough, I’d say. Anyway, man proposes, God disposes. I am praying for good luck.
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2)It is a sin to steal a pin. # K! \; d- ~5 G. v, {) u
& [" a% Y; x. V3 b6 z# x1 i该句的字面意思是: 即使是偷一根针也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?“勿以恶小而为之, 勿以善小而不为。”冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。
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4 v* Y- I; T4 T% weg: Honesty is the best policy. Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin. ( E8 L8 |& W3 N1 T
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3)If you play with fire, you get burnt. % p! x; ^' B% @) T
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正如西方谚语所说:Fire is a good servant but a bad master. * V1 _# `9 N/ E) I6 M: f7 i; B
- i- u% Q: P. m* t+ c u3 K r ]火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。所谓“玩火者必自慰”,铤而走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。 ; w r9 C, ]( v' c- w- D1 e. ^
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eg: The abuse of power has sent many people into jail, which shows that playing with fire could get you burnt. O/ x) J, }4 p$ C3 Y: V) c% V
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4)Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.
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很形象的一句谚语。所有的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独revenge是个例外。“君子报仇,十年未晚。” + K4 r; K2 Z7 D5 y: ]
, _" ^) f9 j+ V! i, Beg: He has done serious wrong to his friends. You just wait and see. They will not let him go scot-free. Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.
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5)There is no smoke without fire.
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无风不起浪,有水才行船。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,“流言”的兴起有时也不完全是无中生有。虽然说是“坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠”(相似的西谚是“Do right and fear no man。”),但风起于青萍之末,一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。 1 H9 p. W2 F6 x' E# D$ f+ l
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eg: "No smoke without fire," said the detective. . o( L6 l6 ?& U0 _* j( k$ n' y
+ f& r4 `! @, ?8 }9 _"Smoke signals can be misread," countered Sloan. 8 \& @; j. T j# h
6 `7 d8 w& O, s2 T* `6)Every dog has its day.
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这里的day,是指opportunities, 即成功的机会;而dog 则泛指那些地位低下、似乎没有出息的人。“士别三日,当刮目相看”,落魄的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。 ( g9 l) H" q, l) V6 Z9 `* k
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(又作All dogs have their days。) , T, v- I V/ @' P" h% o
, Q- E" P4 {) `' Reg: You must not look down upon him. Though poor and gloomy. he could turn out to be outstanding one day. As the saying goes, every dog has its day. 8 G% d+ l- c! J" P! v. a
- \0 l( N# F4 R7 s5 \5 g7)If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas.
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, `" N* J7 w# d& Y3 A1 x& [2 \这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”。 在这条英文谚语中体现出来的只是“近墨者黑”的一面。虽然中文里还有成语“出污泥而不染”一说,但环境对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。 . }2 ?/ p0 r- V& T# ~ T& ^: c0 G
# `, ~, b" K x3 s# @4 ]e。g。 -Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been? 7 r* @' d5 D3 q) o, x; L
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-Just to a friend’s.
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-To a friend’s? Just for a glass of liquor, huh? You’re going to be drowned in liquor, I’d say! If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up to find yourself with millions of fleas! ! |, j& l: h8 A3 k
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8)It is easy to find a stick to beat a dog.
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t P: M3 N+ b人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞? ! W, y0 g- c8 |" U5 i
3 O, t* j" g# g0 K; B9 h8 w" xeg: -Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?
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8 @) [$ m4 ~' C1 B7 i* l-No. What for?
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. Y% E! Q% d+ T- D8 h-Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s.
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" [3 q4 ?: C5 B# a6 R0 }9 @-Yeah, but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong, has he? 6 G5 u0 P' K! }
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-Well, boss is boss。 It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog. 0 a+ f; I. h: l1 i
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9)You can’t teach old dogs new tricks. 4 e3 ^4 {7 u( \4 T: @. P
5 b/ u! |1 _, P1 u$ x" \" i4 @! x这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。
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& {3 X( T. \& c5 G: C; `eg: Don’t forget Wang is already 80. At his age, you can’t expect him to learn the tap dance. You can’t teach old dogs new tricks, you know. 5 A. n) m, J- m" d
, L2 C5 C; w" F- Y/ z; m( m2 }从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,如,lucky dog(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚语和成语都是贬义的,如“狗改不了吃屎”、“挂羊头卖狗肉”、“狗仗人势”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等。当然,英文中dog一词有时也带有贬义,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用时切忌望文生义。如,It is a dog’s life Chris is leading。 某位教授认为“a dog’s life”的意思是“悲惨的生活”,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成“过着牛马不如的生活”。其实“a dog’s life”指的是“争吵不休,过着不安宁的日子”。这类成语很多,如go to the dogs(每况愈下),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如dog days(大热天),doggy bag(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明说要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫doggy bag.
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上面四条西方谚语都可以在汉语中找到相似的表达,但下面两条却全然不同了。 ' a) L: a5 ~8 Q2 s2 G) i
' K+ E2 N/ \. g" H4 t' x10)Lightning never strikes the same place twice. ) H& d: Y7 K. Y8 r# p6 V8 S4 z" U; P9 C
! z2 @: s' ?3 f/ A, F“闪电从不打同一个地方”,与我们说的“福无双至,祸不单行”恰恰相反,这也是差异的一个有趣的体现。 , T4 D# Y) o" l ?5 E
( j, V% {# }" I0 `- }eg: -How were your exams? All over? ( W9 W) F7 Z* o! T9 n5 O I$ `
4 k' m3 ^- p3 H' `: K-I really don’t know. I did rather poorly last time. I hope I’ll do better this time. ( c y% U |8 H6 ~9 t ~
1 x8 I$ A$ h' O( ~# Q-Come on, don’t worry about it。 You are sure to pass。 As the saying goes, lightening never strikes the same place twice. + B5 S8 f- `1 F1 p+ y4 \) ?
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11)One swallow does not make a summer. . b% l- `" h, L' f; |
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swallow 是燕子。西谚说,一只燕子飞来不能代表夏天的来临。而中国成语却说, 一叶知秋。两种说法各有其智慧。“One swallow does not make a summer”强调的是要区别一般性与特殊性的辩证哲理; 而“一叶知秋”体现的则是从细微的端倪窥见总体趋势的睿智。
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7 B# g7 Z& c5 keg: -Hey, look! The scores are already 2:1!Liverpool is sure to win, I bet! / |" x5 e M% r" |" i# R% {( y
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-I don’t think so. One swallow does not make a summer. Miracles always happen the last minute. |
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