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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ a$ G# D3 \. P! ^
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! R; h1 y, W* usyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,6 T/ a# Y3 V6 V- Y3 z" v9 Z$ m3 }6 u
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ [, C" J* n: p& n: e
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
+ Y5 N+ Q2 X" J G$ ~retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).% ] x' ^5 t4 F
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
' i7 q% B! w; D9 V[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], y! o# m% V4 ~% K% }; v
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving9 J. ^* t* [- m# H# u2 x
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on# H- w3 e k2 |* {
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
% ]- {( J) b% }1 ]/ d; K(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 h4 u2 l0 i! a, k# S7 f4 F/ {
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. R, Y. G2 G( O, }
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.! B% _; \' V+ ?3 O' A6 [1 G
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 N+ r, |" |. r
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 m1 i: ^4 u: |) D) {2 G- f. O4 o
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
3 L1 W; i* Q0 t2 D6 f3 m# u2 z! a9 c. `. U
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! ^. j+ l* G5 R/ K. A) t4 Aand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
