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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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- j) I7 N' z1 Z- w! Q2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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# n0 J# l+ P& G, l+ T3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)8 ^+ e% ]$ z1 J9 \" w9 } S2 V2 D% ]
! R# Y ]0 s, KWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译): Y2 @3 U' M" s2 h% u! i2 H5 U
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) $ H( [# i1 j/ V+ Z
: V; q, z- }) I pShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)) l) h2 e7 D @% n
- S+ Z: B" J. J! Y% q3 D6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)1 t+ d; h* Q0 }! @* E& c
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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2 ]1 h K Q6 }& N( |7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me9 m2 O0 U! V4 _, ^
9 p) P" @; }) j1 {5 u/ \& csuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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* d" {% k! d3 m5 b% F0 ~/ c' N! _Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love) F+ Q5 m0 \* }+ i
4 Q# L$ ?* i. z( ^& x% y" t- g5 N* Awith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)7 S/ n6 s+ b) r
: J% C# N% f6 f' q6 ~* w; F可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。/ {" l7 e" q. `# ^
! J( Q" t# e; M* b& P3 I# l然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。' X# O( {# ]0 c3 ]
7 l$ o; O8 o& y6 V- j8 `Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.- w/ T6 ^9 U2 f1 o
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?: ]* d1 F- m, `( N7 n
9 _5 m: ~+ _4 ZThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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" V6 e9 G! }$ ?6 s% k I3 \' _: nthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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