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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)& m$ Q8 Q) w) h: ~8 E' v {0 m
6 }: u8 u: Q! R- p! z, E" |9 SProof:
" b6 l% F. f( aLet n >1 be an integer 8 e+ v# Q) L1 i+ Z7 y* ~- p* }3 z
Basis: (n=2)( e6 {: }7 P, {2 [
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3% m1 I; P* w0 M# e5 e* Y
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that0 n& k! L+ @! ~ Q
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
3 G5 F8 t9 O7 \$ Y# R6 ^' r' \+ rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem/ y) z* E- E( _' ?
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)* Z5 j. i* ]* H3 R0 j1 `
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K) m: `6 K! F+ Z5 v- G; B
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
: f4 {" l) l b. O+ Y, b( q = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 A: p5 X( ]5 R' i/ D- yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 J o& f# Y# n) \2 B
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)$ h0 f) ~% j' O [
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 g6 {) M' A Q4 n" t! c = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3/ w1 s7 q, t7 O# J
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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0 _, C) j( n7 b# k3 J[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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