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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: & U/ r! b& M- I6 u
Let n >1 be an integer
* `* f5 _5 w$ N9 zBasis: (n=2)" x! a/ p1 e; x* O4 j( u
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3; f8 f* ~! a' w. f, A0 B6 p
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
' G( g- u2 v# {$ a s K^3 – K can by divided by 3.7 s& S9 \) c: r* G1 X
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3& H! y& g6 w3 q* k
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem w$ R" e' j4 p; ?5 {0 M5 x" ~
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
# ]% Y8 _2 v! G% s6 F6 r9 H+ m = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
% Q& |0 n5 m& N9 o4 ? = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)+ F, c! x. u% S- i' O
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 V3 H$ d o: p# r, Hby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
8 y" S0 ~: T2 }So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
; o* L* V& X3 z k$ l& Z6 c = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)6 g0 n8 R1 V; C" I
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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4 t+ i* I ^7 o+ c! gConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.% Q O- D! z3 g8 r0 q
8 e4 a" c9 ]0 b[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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