 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 ~2 O* {0 x" l- U! {& cFormal Statements0 l# E, B+ R$ @( k
1. Public Speeches
! t5 Z' ^/ g; p* s% y9 }0 @ 2. Letters of opposition or support7 j) O* c6 h( T; ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% W5 {6 ]) o, `4 q8 J9 `" g2 A" L
4. Signed public statements% K4 N/ U3 {) o' j. k8 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 I# ~6 K( t5 E0 w2 _( ~! A 6. Group or mass petitions; |: P* `# k+ s# I2 o) y. d
( b# _3 ^- h' L' `
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 w" z# J* ]# c; P# r8 o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) O- a' E1 l( f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ O; ~ `2 Q8 N( C# w. ^8 q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& R; l& s4 J- ^
10. Newspapers and journals% \9 y6 ?/ E0 b2 ^2 W* }0 L0 T3 W
11. Records, radio, and television
1 o! ^. O6 m2 n+ I5 r! m4 N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 R6 \1 f- W8 u$ x% {( ~% n
1 o/ H' c; P5 G) L; N1 K+ oGroup Representations3 v9 X4 O% \, C4 `
13. Deputations* u) t6 Y& r1 i0 r; G; l9 Z6 j
14. Mock awards7 J* H4 @( ?0 n( p4 M' \* h. r
15. Group lobbying
|9 e' k: ]2 z' _/ @" ^ 16. Picketing
( H( S/ K! D7 a8 c 17. Mock elections( u* h4 m& Y3 n/ k
! O3 y& [6 z6 O
Symbolic Public Acts
+ S2 J7 M$ g3 J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: ^5 r. y: l2 r& W \! ` 19. Wearing of symbols
3 y$ R, a9 D1 j; T 20. Prayer and worship
2 G" ]% t/ A4 E, S7 @, h 21. Delivering symbolic objects; [+ }5 k( w0 z
22. Protest disrobings" E; @2 W X9 p: x# ~
23. Destruction of own property9 A$ y4 n2 d% a7 t) z! A& L
24. Symbolic lights% G) j. U5 n3 W% Y, x7 s
25. Displays of portraits- F- h: e, F/ T/ a
26. Paint as protest
2 K/ X3 O7 e" l8 R 27. New signs and names) K4 L$ t% V) P: u
28. Symbolic sounds$ d' v9 [" y# ^
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 l2 M, I7 R% E, E( D: | 30. Rude gestures
( [! v) c$ @- d5 o
* W; h7 V3 i F9 BPressures on Individuals
# H$ _0 @3 t. H5 m 31. “Haunting” officials
- r+ o- i4 x7 o 32. Taunting officials% K) w0 L1 J8 J! d
33. Fraternization* w6 A/ l7 U' z2 r. `" a1 y J0 G' q
34. Vigils
7 Z( ]# A. ?$ F$ @% P, @. a% D* ~) r: x+ ]* _9 r8 @: V8 M
Drama and Music1 m( {" N2 L+ @( ?! `" x/ p6 k
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) E: s0 L" _+ A 36. Performances of plays and music5 A" b/ U% N5 q. W: Q1 K4 _1 n9 ?
37. Singing
) K6 y& y: z" R! a+ ]' X( R( i( \' a+ K* p- N/ k+ K
Processions q7 O9 S8 X! M9 a. c7 R
38. Marches
0 z X' P% F W3 I1 J2 ~$ m" R! g 39. Parades
8 j1 C' z/ Q4 k7 | 40. Religious processions
- d' E; W, \2 ~+ v; L G 41. Pilgrimages
; z6 S5 ]! |4 V, v# o 42. Motorcades( Z0 W8 k) G" _' t. @
6 w! P, C$ n6 p* H; g
Honoring the Dead9 Q7 r% Q0 T, B& o9 _% o
43. Political mourning
# {: V; |0 N0 ^; t I7 B7 r 44. Mock funerals2 _7 q9 G: C- U5 u3 D9 j
45. Demonstrative funerals
: S& W3 L& |9 k6 r. S# [6 E 46. Homage at burial places
0 C, L' L2 x, m5 l8 [1 D( i' x; F( y. Q
Public Assemblies
' v5 T1 x& k! y/ B8 s 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 U, b* j( S% ?0 i# Q% O t: l3 N' ]
48. Protest meetings% L+ T5 s9 D% a4 ^0 `. k. u0 d
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 c. k! X+ r5 ?& h% G/ n
50. Teach-ins
6 O& x/ i7 @5 g. ^$ [5 o9 z, V; \6 b( y* o8 @3 A
Withdrawal and Renunciation c3 q( g# n7 e8 P: o
51. Walk-outs* E9 B/ z3 E* O
52. Silence# A0 A) ]! Y+ [: E
53. Renouncing honors
$ }1 Z; D+ Z8 p5 V) K 54. Turning one’s back7 t5 y, x) l- Q8 b
! Z' b) X( E" k4 E ' C, L# d" o0 B/ v0 [" B
6 L5 Z5 K5 F4 ` ]& J q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! S( L7 M$ r6 P. K% O: A3 Z" l$ U5 `( e' H8 e6 T% u
/ h$ H/ T; h: d4 A1 }2 m3 n; q s2 h
Ostracism of Persons" i, f3 ?8 y6 A8 v/ C# [
55. Social boycott
9 A; H: j! s0 \5 e 56. Selective social boycott
+ l8 S- s4 s$ n 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 I2 P7 ?" s3 k/ R5 j; }( Z 58. Excommunication$ Z& o/ ^1 U9 y/ A. f
59. Interdict+ S4 P, p+ ^% U) q
9 K L2 e- [/ a; K! ~5 Y0 v+ aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" t' A) h4 H! `9 p: |3 X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ ^7 p9 h6 ~% C0 ^! z H2 X n, s) D* f) y 61. Boycott of social affairs- }6 ~# L" x5 B- F$ G
62. Student strike. O" V' I) M- |3 V: e
63. Social disobedience0 m' i9 L8 Y1 {0 ~6 v: m% V- l& k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# a' i$ u2 E N. |8 N8 |
$ o, c1 A- L+ u+ n! j; Z& m) FWithdrawal from the Social System
6 z m% E. T- U# h/ x 65. Stay-at-home: A& ~' X- W7 J+ q0 r1 Q) _
66. Total personal noncooperation
, p6 t' o# q; Z( U 67. “Flight” of workers
( E7 d4 Q/ q& g) `# _ 68. Sanctuary
' B+ `8 z" x. v. m0 ^- k" T/ _2 w 69. Collective disappearance
, Q/ ~' W$ O% W, s/ H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 O* V1 R* F( _
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5 O' S' I0 Q* j. C/ _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
}; G% l& x8 q6 E& x, @& o
5 K( o; x' X$ i1 }, a/ K' G' I1 o& y ; c* d2 n. q o: d. v7 I7 g
Actions by Consumers% [, n5 W' E9 M
71. Consumers’ boycott$ n2 m- B, p e( W' O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! R7 P' P# N4 x6 M3 x$ I. j 73. Policy of austerity/ [+ i, L1 d/ S6 M# ~4 ~# ]
74. Rent withholding1 Y# v, O) U _9 h0 d3 r+ {( f
75. Refusal to rent% u1 x3 ^2 e& W
76. National consumers’ boycott
( b7 F: R, x# I2 @9 Y* Z 77. International consumers’ boycott& w* k+ X' f$ Z% O; ?# n0 V
0 x4 }2 x! b9 W0 f' |: ~ H. i' aAction by Workers and Producers
% Q# Z9 a2 m ^( O3 x 78. Workmen’s boycott+ A6 A# o @" b$ i L% H" H; v
79. Producers’ boycott3 G5 x# }6 h; z8 u% j' M3 {5 z
; I; F6 i1 v9 E! s
Action by Middlemen
& G, \9 Z8 ^: V 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 d% p- T% h$ g
- @) O) i( P9 t0 V0 \Action by Owners and Management
3 L: ~& A) S3 f4 R* M$ A 81. Traders’ boycott U y2 m: p3 h* ?% m+ n
82. Refusal to let or sell property' V- K, J& x, D; ~
83. Lockout/ p, q6 @+ x9 f4 @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' _' P( M6 p% D8 a- Z8 N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ r7 W* y* W( G. |6 u6 V" d! h6 E+ S' H d! @! T. Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! b- k) h8 K3 C8 K4 N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& _, _, w8 k* ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- i. S, ^% {0 U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- p3 |$ Q$ g: z 89. Severance of funds and credit5 P6 ` q5 F; d A; E* J
90. Revenue refusal
" i! K+ }' L& l/ |; A) H% _) l9 | 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ m, |3 Q" L2 q% L
( d7 C& ~& d5 s7 `
Action by Governments
/ R. K4 a8 V) Q 92. Domestic embargo2 y' p: C) }9 i0 l9 t \
93. Blacklisting of traders
^. M C. g1 G1 e0 C k 94. International sellers’ embargo6 [9 a: I. r+ h
95. International buyers’ embargo2 ?' Y2 D& ` W, Z5 z" c
96. International trade embargo' j, d9 g* r/ g0 f' v+ n+ i3 V$ r
6 n* b' ? `# C) x j7 X, P
2 c7 G/ h) `) R \& a8 f- ~8 m- R' q( A8 e. s P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 B# B1 E/ P. P) Z
. b3 S9 u4 J& S
0 @' J2 k- L- C- d
Symbolic Strikes
. j5 N. C. ], [2 H 97. Protest strike5 y5 E5 d; @3 t% ?9 d4 t
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ B5 w2 N9 ?: u) S+ K% Y
$ S5 s0 S- w* |Agricultural Strikes
6 R, D; }7 |* A, O8 | 99. Peasant strike
/ g. b2 S; ?1 h c+ } 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 x4 C# y' w8 I$ [( E
8 ]) L: v' A8 T6 S* U" H! |' \Strikes by Special Groups) Z% `& ]# A( d/ O( d3 T4 j: k* b/ _
101. Refusal of impressed labor( ? F7 M- {1 F
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 H+ D9 L5 I6 n" [6 [ 103. Craft strike
) a [! h) u. ]+ ~- M. h# O 104. Professional strike
# u' E s6 {/ `! b0 A0 M7 |) y+ m. k5 R! }' p4 r9 Q% t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 o! B9 g U) D$ q4 L. H 105. Establishment strike
- l* D1 O* g7 C$ v 106. Industry strike
% E4 V, |3 l y& ^2 B+ w 107. Sympathetic strike
: j; s* P. h, Q# U1 Q
8 B6 S" z. D$ A. L+ H3 _2 qRestricted Strikes$ U# ^* T. i" j+ n# C$ S% j# `# s0 q7 l# B
108. Detailed strike
6 M$ V( k: C' g8 F* k 109. Bumper strike- N, _; P. K3 K3 ~# q
110. Slowdown strike
4 N% U" {. u7 J, W1 i/ {7 j+ M 111. Working-to-rule strike' P3 z# W% _2 ` D/ f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( q5 a8 T9 V- K- \- U7 G 113. Strike by resignation; m, Q- Q* n# Y0 R* a' J# ]
114. Limited strike
0 v) Y( n, z; J1 g' L 115. Selective strike
/ C! S5 i- F3 f% ^0 L
) @' m) A5 E5 g. ^Multi-Industry Strikes7 M+ \) Y# P! p9 z; | k2 B
& ]" V8 E+ s0 c% { 116. Generalized strike# t- n- ]$ d" {3 \
4 N+ j F- I+ L0 n: m' G 117. General strike7 {/ \; Z9 k6 K% I% u
5 x0 a6 z, s% P* @4 Z5 T) H) [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 y2 ?! O, m3 v) d9 C% K7 M! D# a0 D
5 V2 [) O) M, V9 y) v$ s* k 118. Hartal
, J S" o* B5 X: @7 g/ p/ s* ?* G, B1 e( |
119. Economic shutdown
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% v. L0 X U4 f5 b) c( V) _
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& u! ^! H9 g* l6 i+ S3 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* l+ m& y& [2 k) p
* P* z/ U) T! r( p5 U , A0 H6 X6 ]; F+ n8 `7 x
Rejection of Authority& ~) L; ?7 r3 c. n
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 w' n" C# B. ]% i 121. Refusal of public support
$ ]1 q2 \8 D* _' | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 W& @+ `6 \( @% a
1 A0 N) f5 y) {# Y$ y8 h0 L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& ^* ]+ z, q7 C1 }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 z) `. x/ Y) z3 ~, I2 [0 ]8 a
124. Boycott of elections" v0 K* w% j- b8 R3 Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, }* l( T7 n' z, H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 ?' ^, A* |, o, V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; K4 D g8 F5 h J& z( L P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! a$ n9 N! K3 K8 Z# h/ O+ q1 ~( F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 A- I/ p% F8 `: j 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" R3 M) a9 o* l4 \! R2 k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) ~. t, h5 f! i! m5 I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ Z) E. L( A# @/ C- _
9 B9 L7 G% B+ a4 Y" y) T" V+ V. W- H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 Q6 z( d4 a, [5 m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. N) u) A% Y# S1 R* a) q% [' f; d& e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" [8 D0 C$ q4 {: g3 c
135. Popular nonobedience
) f5 l3 [8 E) O* Y( m) _ 136. Disguised disobedience
7 L. F4 g. Z. W9 v& r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( n4 y8 x3 J1 \% T, F1 U" v) e( ~
138. Sitdown) y. Y% ~% y$ c8 M, }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ {+ G @# c/ c% ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; J! \2 L& H" H& t7 U. e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 }- H1 ^1 U% L( X4 s% U
8 B. T( ^2 D& C2 e2 b) K4 K) c
Action by Government Personnel
0 {" m0 Z. ~7 R' f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: U3 Z- c8 E( z5 a. v% k( z) S, p# e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 }9 d( i7 ]5 V; X9 V
144. Stalling and obstruction/ ]4 |0 V6 j* R) a. W" c' W" a0 `
145. General administrative noncooperation0 V e$ |- ?. l6 C( u1 h3 s% Y
5 A: l" j# j% I. P3 I2 C1 l% L, M H 146. Judicial noncooperation4 Y1 J; k# ^# a) N7 `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ r0 n& A8 ^" `' y- {9 O8 s/ K+ F
148. Mutiny
) \9 E3 ?; d* i" K3 BDomestic Governmental Action) I7 A: |! i/ n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% L0 \/ I9 w, L3 m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. r6 Q# o* O# f# y
& r: b, f% L& x6 uInternational Governmental Action3 o: j/ T f0 Q: B. c+ F: Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; j! f2 ?1 I/ S* [$ k" Z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, z* L* o' E3 R# ? @
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! v2 Y) p" T( ]( V ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ b& S2 H! e: R$ X
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- l/ d5 q8 G: N, l: }3 ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# Q) \! f2 L: T5 A- ~( @ X 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 E7 K7 A( n: v) V) A1 o( P
1 }) B* F, [' D/ S1 B* `2 c' G
5 u1 w+ B$ z1 @3 @9 B7 C) H( t
/ O1 _8 p1 u2 H2 nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" [7 h& W( S! E( ]+ q1 a
& R5 r3 U1 T3 D8 i6 ^+ o- z! f
+ h+ N" f6 p6 H3 Q; |2 ^
Psychological Intervention3 m7 J. E9 J' o$ W
158. Self-exposure to the elements; P& h- ]2 C4 k9 ?' i/ j5 U
159. The fast
4 r) b( H8 o* e1 f- T1 u1 G! R a) Fast of moral pressure2 n; a A2 a( H! @ D5 k$ u) W
b) Hunger strike
1 M y+ C. ^( u$ Z: l8 d/ @3 o ?8 y* o c) Satyagrahic fast* X7 x" P. x$ S: o/ _
160. Reverse trial+ `- V3 e5 ~% Q. w( U
161. Nonviolent harassment: j3 k2 r/ K1 F: {$ V
# ~& j$ K6 c! i# K, T+ D. H
Physical Intervention1 ]3 o. T% R( W1 _1 d, i& F) c- B
162. Sit-in
! S. l7 D: f! ?" \# _! U4 r 163. Stand-in2 x1 t5 b# n4 l9 h8 R J& \
164. Ride-in# l# o2 ` u4 P; d, K4 H- g) ~- l
165. Wade-in
l" J" M/ B% ?8 h/ n 166. Mill-in- t2 D( o# g( \ R8 `; q
167. Pray-in
6 @9 q4 }4 j2 w& ~) q 168. Nonviolent raids% G& K9 c6 h9 A# w$ A6 V) ]3 W) P
169. Nonviolent air raids- u/ x6 B! a8 c4 Y p3 C$ U
170. Nonviolent invasion9 s& ?' w$ @" z# H1 d) B) W% o
171. Nonviolent interjection
& `$ \' }7 |' M5 ~$ B/ A* o( D 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! A8 L1 H" q/ _( ?0 J 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention! |' b- P3 W: w3 F i7 L0 q% M
174. Establishing new social patterns
. J+ l4 n$ n2 ~ 175. Overloading of facilities
# }- k9 ]5 i, ^% R 176. Stall-in
: I5 i. S4 i# }/ z% X# @3 ? 177. Speak-in
9 Q6 S4 a8 ?) ?) A8 s" c( v6 D 178. Guerrilla theater9 B$ Y: u2 w6 x
179. Alternative social institutions
3 w9 Y, v6 v' i 180. Alternative communication system
8 R) q3 Q- F6 X8 [" \6 Y* R- L b/ o) r4 N) _1 F
Economic Intervention {' ~- ~" Z- [3 N' F" }/ w
181. Reverse strike
5 [+ [. l0 L( W, O; U1 i. L 182. Stay-in strike" C' T+ \$ E- W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ R) S' N/ W. K& I6 u. h7 [ 184. Defiance of blockades3 X+ Z1 |7 \' T+ ], v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" P* v* Z$ b6 ~; ~2 Q% D. X4 A5 N# {
186. Preclusive purchasing. ^# ?# |; l) {- D, ~9 |2 T: h
187. Seizure of assets- k6 H5 J b2 _8 p6 G$ q
188. Dumping
, R+ f! g1 A; v2 v' s 189. Selective patronage* r' L( ^% K( g
190. Alternative markets) p( F& w5 I0 p1 ]
191. Alternative transportation systems9 x( R# B) v6 P' i. O$ n8 y2 o
192. Alternative economic institutions5 T) }; L; {3 a8 Y
& ^; s4 |3 N( V' t! B% X+ N3 D
Political Intervention
) i6 l- o4 _. r: q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 @+ {* |8 D4 B; O# | 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 k+ B* V+ x6 h( C6 @ 195. Seeking imprisonment- G! I4 ?1 n, a$ I/ t- w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 |) J6 x; u. W* W! a 197. Work-on without collaboration: C7 s6 k5 g9 f% T6 {8 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 r% l4 F% Q1 I$ x; Y: L J6 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
