 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 W+ s! b0 W$ H6 n
Formal Statements
# y# b; n; W+ G: |3 ~6 z+ d+ k2 _ 1. Public Speeches
; I. L1 D9 Q6 J3 r* j( K, u 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 X4 D/ c# \9 k5 `! ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 E- ^* S3 M8 M
4. Signed public statements
# n8 Y" Y9 `7 ^8 b8 @ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& H5 b, z, X+ c
6. Group or mass petitions, Q0 n. Y/ B- X- S/ U& B
; \" b& B r$ x( k4 A' _+ I/ \
Communications with a Wider Audience* ^( J5 w# K) l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( Q' M( v% G, T* T+ o) Y: L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 R K: F) B; d2 E7 X, E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% q' ]7 |; P8 p( [
10. Newspapers and journals) c: j5 W9 B4 i
11. Records, radio, and television
4 T8 O7 J$ f3 o. L ~$ f7 o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 N. ~+ q6 x; i5 H d$ ~/ W$ Q# c. R
Group Representations
4 d* r* H6 n* w: U 13. Deputations
* }- M9 F! M8 y3 A0 v/ b1 ~" h 14. Mock awards# x5 H2 V- A) [( w( I3 A- p
15. Group lobbying( b! f; S8 k+ t
16. Picketing7 x; m2 x3 e6 ?: v( q, f J& |3 l/ f
17. Mock elections
$ d M/ N! j" I# }. `& f9 U) ~5 X+ D( d: f
Symbolic Public Acts
4 F& ?6 W% a' B* x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( U+ ^# `* j; u- h1 o7 ~6 ?$ p 19. Wearing of symbols, _6 C0 C; F1 ~" P
20. Prayer and worship* a Z& s6 P" @- `* M1 }& }$ l1 }
21. Delivering symbolic objects# w+ R& o7 L0 O0 y+ D4 d
22. Protest disrobings
/ s$ b! h: m8 O) `. } 23. Destruction of own property
" |* A5 ]" ?* Y) h7 g. d% c) ` 24. Symbolic lights6 E* K4 l: J5 Q$ k2 Y m; S' T
25. Displays of portraits2 l N+ b* i$ s4 E, {: T# u) _
26. Paint as protest- R2 ?9 |, N0 K- m) D
27. New signs and names) i/ F4 h' N8 \* o1 J+ @# j
28. Symbolic sounds
& O3 E" d7 C- u7 n6 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 K/ v! M4 d2 a, p& \5 A" A 30. Rude gestures
% i5 _& Q d- F' ] H+ O4 R
% o C. V/ I4 T0 lPressures on Individuals
$ q& s3 M# E$ D" a: Z+ v 31. “Haunting” officials
4 m5 c- }6 L! }/ i, Y- z 32. Taunting officials5 I; B3 K0 H$ [
33. Fraternization# C( y% F: k! ^
34. Vigils/ r( L/ w& F) R) a* W. T/ l0 `
" w7 m4 X! c7 q$ Z7 O$ PDrama and Music
& o; Y! @6 ~ j" i 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 n' K- K9 P, R t+ V) n
36. Performances of plays and music6 V3 g& x% ~: D0 E$ h7 O3 V; J+ G
37. Singing
8 Q. \% x7 g0 i+ B& m+ V
0 @4 i$ R1 e( f+ _' h5 D. UProcessions; k3 H G F7 o( y3 A2 c# r' T, k) \
38. Marches+ v! _ W7 @4 k! B' G
39. Parades1 }4 ?, C$ j4 D1 _# B6 v& K
40. Religious processions
' v8 H0 u* R; S! w 41. Pilgrimages1 v1 p7 l3 r5 b2 O7 P; y M8 s9 a4 m
42. Motorcades7 w& D" ^/ X# r, V6 C% T# N
1 x1 l, k+ `. K' B# U+ u
Honoring the Dead0 w0 j, x! a& I2 {
43. Political mourning. r: ?# H: |! i# `# a h9 J
44. Mock funerals
2 N" S5 \4 @% g3 R, _' ] 45. Demonstrative funerals5 D$ @: A- |. N: P% h
46. Homage at burial places7 g8 J W2 X, }2 ~ t
: g0 X I# L" [ f$ F% t% Y6 E
Public Assemblies
0 O3 E% i) m6 ~5 F& z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ U* ^: D4 X& B1 t" U" z& E 48. Protest meetings
" [' S' ?- `5 ^9 F+ a) A! K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% w5 ~5 r: u8 ]0 s- a2 u" w 50. Teach-ins7 b8 U3 m x" U5 Y5 Q6 \ X
* g9 U0 u; F. r# \, W2 Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* q: ]+ h9 p: ]* } 51. Walk-outs
: t: S }- _3 t! g8 U 52. Silence$ A8 Y/ G% g+ [
53. Renouncing honors/ C! p8 A3 X+ @' a0 Q8 B u
54. Turning one’s back
0 T9 O( ^& T0 k4 P: f; Q: I$ b2 t
$ S+ D$ l1 B; ~' ]' L( q
7 @: d8 O; W. aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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* L9 V' j' ]4 f 8 \$ O+ J0 w2 W! ~
6 [3 z# k$ n$ O* g
Ostracism of Persons' S& F C+ I( ~* `* O1 Q
55. Social boycott' T, P5 d7 y5 a2 O. f+ ?% p
56. Selective social boycott
: y8 u2 J% s! y 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 l, J( f: `, r8 j, R
58. Excommunication+ P* q/ h9 M6 c$ o. z6 f
59. Interdict7 |7 ~1 s7 U- J7 N( S0 _( D% x3 ]
! h- d' m- `* y) m. ^
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) Z1 }5 o6 H+ `' W) [+ x( l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 e/ n, o6 ^0 S. O 61. Boycott of social affairs9 X+ {3 j! o, ?+ _% m+ Y% f
62. Student strike! v9 V( O \ r0 ^& M4 O8 L2 \
63. Social disobedience- {- M M) R5 K6 O8 q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions: _: Y- I L' }
% x# l f5 R" Z {" j# K, H6 L9 y2 w* g
Withdrawal from the Social System
: p" |. j: U$ f4 Z 65. Stay-at-home9 p6 k; V7 Y5 u
66. Total personal noncooperation1 H9 k" k5 r9 V
67. “Flight” of workers
( Y: q& Q2 T, @3 _ 68. Sanctuary
1 v' Z/ C( p0 U5 Y8 W* h: C! k 69. Collective disappearance1 h @9 o1 S- w# O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; m- r# t' Y F' r8 `+ o. K
9 J* X3 U4 n% L
: F( {9 n* i6 o& t4 p6 E" BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 s6 P Y: J, q- [, d1 O) O2 I t; G V9 w+ \9 \
+ d( C2 q; U2 Y
Actions by Consumers
+ q- u! {; c) J 71. Consumers’ boycott
x$ Z0 j* J8 b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! J2 E1 z1 p+ ?5 ]
73. Policy of austerity
5 ^$ Z7 U" e2 O* e 74. Rent withholding5 b& |* y2 O+ [; g6 _7 T
75. Refusal to rent2 U1 X. v3 h( P
76. National consumers’ boycott
; ^9 G5 J# V% p! ] 77. International consumers’ boycott: O4 D3 ?3 V& S! R7 _6 |1 ?9 m
8 ^7 g4 o$ k! h' T
Action by Workers and Producers
- k/ V7 c( t M+ ] 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 F n" \" x) C, O8 X 79. Producers’ boycott
7 S! C/ W) m, b
' M/ ~( w; i- LAction by Middlemen% h% D5 M4 [" G7 s7 l
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- I6 Q$ z D7 K% N) U* N; {; l
! Q$ d2 c) ?2 vAction by Owners and Management
( U$ w* d- T% G1 ~ o1 w* } 81. Traders’ boycott+ x8 ?1 n% l% f) ]7 Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: ~* i7 @$ c8 \3 Q0 M 83. Lockout9 P6 i0 O+ A4 m& [4 M0 z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: T' ~0 O! |2 L2 |4 g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; T( B" t' w( C& d4 j& t
' P/ A" X; }) f8 K! P" ^" GAction by Holders of Financial Resources% d8 I( v% e& ^. s2 s' j- n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% C4 x5 w! }$ E6 _/ W% I/ x" Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: A% ?6 A; r' m6 Y/ {" I& Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# ]$ K, u7 W3 S. D
89. Severance of funds and credit$ N4 B+ T8 b. f' ?+ O/ ~6 s: K
90. Revenue refusal6 `7 ~. s% N1 S7 C
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 |" {2 p- i8 t& ], k) s
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Action by Governments( u4 I4 w2 p3 k; B; Y, T( O
92. Domestic embargo! H! h% `- S: n9 m
93. Blacklisting of traders
& P; z0 D) ^! s# Z% X0 Z 94. International sellers’ embargo( @; e8 ?) `1 {* ^5 F
95. International buyers’ embargo: ^9 a% _) [/ E
96. International trade embargo( ^/ c2 h8 J* k o1 r6 z2 Y# o
% W1 ^& C2 Z B- d* E7 X; w , G; i" V( Z2 M0 O9 M! H" W
( U/ ^6 I7 `( HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 Z f5 B' }+ S7 z! K
Symbolic Strikes
, @# S' f5 h. r7 D9 F 97. Protest strike+ M. I2 P. C7 o$ B) ?- F3 f3 J/ Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 ]8 X" @8 |1 M2 s! ?# p+ ]6 c) n% [& Y& l( P8 s* S7 S
Agricultural Strikes$ p1 k( q3 a8 s3 j v9 u' p$ \
99. Peasant strike
9 ~7 U+ v1 ]7 p D: b 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 {3 ~' I, X0 }/ |
' v' B1 Z; l' [; L5 yStrikes by Special Groups _0 M6 ]) A9 `0 m( A9 f/ a
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* }! ?: ~6 j! D4 k1 v0 ~3 {: k 102. Prisoners’ strike e& J" P, M8 k* o9 P
103. Craft strike
7 O, o) v) X, n0 B" R3 s 104. Professional strike5 j: x/ S. m; D0 ]0 w2 H
* H8 M$ q$ u/ ]% C2 AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 @- w4 |: ^' d: e5 V 105. Establishment strike4 w( f6 _( ?4 @, F3 A
106. Industry strike
l! I* T W6 w& W; {! q$ }" S } 107. Sympathetic strike# v8 o; G/ t- e
2 }( `% a: Z9 i- q
Restricted Strikes0 U9 _1 E' L/ \8 l4 l& ^6 _
108. Detailed strike# m* {& i+ U" m" X- V2 C
109. Bumper strike
- [5 b1 h+ F7 {% F 110. Slowdown strike! c( u% B3 K% C: [8 |2 E) z* v6 B
111. Working-to-rule strike
" w+ Z `: S% ^ h# a: K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: x. x6 ~; `2 V* @* O w 113. Strike by resignation1 i _# j9 D6 l- q5 u
114. Limited strike
0 O3 I# }: ?1 P4 k* x$ _# w# g 115. Selective strike: z$ v8 R8 \/ K! f$ b4 |
) {5 S/ c% t( {5 [7 i& l$ M( LMulti-Industry Strikes
# O, n$ ^/ V) p) O
, B; ~1 T4 Z$ b# |" `) ^ 116. Generalized strike
# }, {! p5 l: {
: e5 L2 \) n( b- t1 O% a 117. General strike
. V4 L4 v* b! s+ ?
1 p4 a, [! u8 c, |. wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; f; t, g: _. A3 ]1 k
& t( X3 A1 e$ q 118. Hartal
% v% a% T4 E3 ^" l: l5 y' t: E( a3 C. V6 {3 \! B z6 D; o
119. Economic shutdown
" k2 M/ k, G) \* P- Y& L- |
. s+ z7 ?5 B& [& u 6 [. m! c0 B; @; F1 n- z+ j( S
" j7 j/ g. {, L6 z8 L; r' s
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 w4 e0 {: y3 A6 R& Y' Z h# P+ P
6 i0 ^" [, ?" f! {1 ?9 Z ( q" t" i' u- P$ E
Rejection of Authority
9 D! p. e1 p$ J5 Y$ S; H8 P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ A# p' E! H1 h! U4 R( S9 { 121. Refusal of public support
' m0 U, {" E* K, w$ ] 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) }* o. W# o2 ~, a) I* X
6 p! c" d. \! V/ u( y6 v
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* b, U0 H0 n+ N' A' j" Z' D: M) o9 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ ]7 a4 V# t6 D0 M2 N: ?7 x1 { 124. Boycott of elections
_: r s' Y8 `7 m 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, O6 u: q& U3 Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 f& |3 m0 u d8 K+ r# L0 K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 R0 j1 |) r! ~3 B
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" R7 D' C6 g& W, Q5 k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- x7 z* |% F. ?6 c/ I+ _8 z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( n- g/ m7 Z6 t0 @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials |! O: r, _# ?. [/ V h
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: N, r1 |: x* O% U0 }- D& u
9 `: d4 @2 V: M- Y: LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 z& J1 @/ c/ o: s" T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 F$ ]6 v0 \ W& a( ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 V& e5 x) R+ Q
135. Popular nonobedience
4 K4 M' O- `, w0 K+ E 136. Disguised disobedience5 O9 b3 [- d* P
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ L5 K1 w. i: w% J h% h1 h
138. Sitdown, L* q/ d. x8 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 m) c1 y$ f3 f4 H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 `% g1 A: W" @3 o& I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ F, G3 g+ f8 T+ f) U
/ ~! E' e P$ J, u# A) Z) VAction by Government Personnel4 ?5 ~, u7 t- ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 L. V9 @/ S# h3 |- R4 j9 n3 S. o7 A 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 M: V R3 _: f# A7 N( C r 144. Stalling and obstruction8 y! \8 R* X# X2 a+ f
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 ~/ n: h0 C6 ^2 w, `- s8 M4 V6 `. m$ N1 P9 `
146. Judicial noncooperation+ Z( P3 q5 J- t: N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: t, W2 I; }$ S2 j' E/ C
148. Mutiny
' o! l% E8 P C1 ZDomestic Governmental Action* J: ^: e, S( j5 J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" o* {8 `5 C# D; q5 o% O l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 i' e% G) p% x' X
' \- l" M! `" [, s. M3 TInternational Governmental Action
; h- p6 s8 W+ G0 e6 | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 X6 |+ ?! I4 `) d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 |8 {. h! B! t2 d6 O2 Y- d6 Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" U4 C1 @ n2 o) p3 E! n) R. @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 m9 O3 R# M& Z, g, ^, L) n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, T# o4 H* ^/ O b$ ^( e' ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 H7 a% O+ [' `- \2 q- y% u 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 U7 `( F' s. O; t
0 i. {0 v* M; ]) s6 n2 D
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 ^0 V8 ] d1 e0 _ ]
8 v4 k* {9 r n) k) q* Z! V
+ H5 E( l8 {1 H7 @$ j/ P1 ~; O" tPsychological Intervention( i6 C) }5 K4 [7 L! L' ~, E* b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' [ B$ [. i0 w 159. The fast
* a) n& l& v# l/ E9 b a) Fast of moral pressure5 c) J6 ^/ P1 c* n
b) Hunger strike
/ a; \+ j" R* ?$ r( n c) Satyagrahic fast; |% e0 ]- E+ D2 v9 h+ M( Z
160. Reverse trial
9 ]9 ?" t% b# D 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 V( O& f7 ], }! d- | {" u5 g2 P$ a, d
Physical Intervention
" ?! N) N% K+ c" _4 J1 q 162. Sit-in- \! F! I4 Q I% g; P2 z
163. Stand-in
8 ?% G, S4 u/ [" k/ g7 Z& Q+ D# | 164. Ride-in0 S4 |4 r$ Q# V
165. Wade-in: j/ s; ]) [2 }% C: }) x5 F, g1 F
166. Mill-in) |2 m' p2 N! T) O4 f
167. Pray-in
- J; l3 R8 V1 g- z3 ]: {* X 168. Nonviolent raids2 U2 y" p% S- m# B* i% w4 [1 C
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 _5 C; T6 W5 `: e( P 170. Nonviolent invasion
# G3 z/ v, `+ D 171. Nonviolent interjection8 _0 D0 A1 r' U" P# C
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 M1 O- y$ D4 ?- m- Y$ t, r
173. Nonviolent occupation) R. ^, O' m! \8 F% a6 _
* q4 Z* ~1 w# S4 A, k0 ]3 rSocial Intervention/ _7 v4 \% w- s! d1 R' \
174. Establishing new social patterns; ?. n8 m6 K2 m- c. ]8 c9 n; Z
175. Overloading of facilities
* F" s1 k/ c7 L4 F- t1 @ 176. Stall-in
5 t) w8 x$ ]$ x7 k! ^ 177. Speak-in
) @8 y! V4 w0 }" z w 178. Guerrilla theater2 f8 |' q L7 a- R
179. Alternative social institutions
; d$ T! Y; T% V 180. Alternative communication system* G: R" F8 {; g8 a
$ u2 P6 V' |0 G9 ?
Economic Intervention3 t7 ?) j" | h8 _7 K' p) M: _3 f
181. Reverse strike' h) k% f4 I0 d3 w c- h( t
182. Stay-in strike
% J6 W6 ]/ Q+ G2 y; [ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- I3 P4 C4 Z# S8 z4 t: M 184. Defiance of blockades
( x* ]! c& B/ n0 B: v4 Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' I! U9 E2 z2 _ s- C- C 186. Preclusive purchasing, k- ~% i: O; f$ p5 ^5 V% s* P
187. Seizure of assets& d0 v* Q. T" { k
188. Dumping
) o! D" m! D+ c: b0 T& i3 z 189. Selective patronage5 h8 r( w- C$ c
190. Alternative markets$ L$ s2 _( B8 D( k
191. Alternative transportation systems5 e3 `8 u. ]" {' Q6 @6 j
192. Alternative economic institutions4 e) h$ \3 i9 o5 e- `0 B
8 O @/ `. C0 f1 I4 V' RPolitical Intervention
7 E |5 A3 s) V$ z, B 193. Overloading of administrative systems" ~& r% S+ _: w, _6 [6 Z9 S) T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 k _8 }/ L( a0 i5 a. ~7 g 195. Seeking imprisonment' ^- W5 c2 `/ @: e2 ^; y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ J% H+ d) h- \* J& R6 f- q 197. Work-on without collaboration
# o! n& [+ p5 n# N3 q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. J! Z+ y7 i, e k/ Q( [! @. K
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
