 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) U2 |) t2 Y8 @7 |
Formal Statements
) E. m; P$ |; M8 _ 1. Public Speeches* F, Q2 ~" i" [; j8 n
2. Letters of opposition or support3 d' I% a/ q5 D# c" y: v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 _2 E9 H" S0 v/ f4 E, I 4. Signed public statements& b+ d" `( H& t. n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ y6 V `7 J- d
6. Group or mass petitions
8 b5 ^: D- c: c% }* u$ X7 M1 ~
+ q; x1 c+ a4 B8 R0 @# j; c! aCommunications with a Wider Audience% F) |1 N* Z% g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 \: |* Q$ \) V, v/ m2 T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 v- l4 p" M# Z( D 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& T8 q0 e7 b: @3 _* n @% M
10. Newspapers and journals
! a- d. Q- x; |+ T3 H 11. Records, radio, and television# B* a6 J; B8 P7 s
12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ Y8 s$ e% @% i" D
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Group Representations, t, M2 [1 F: q- K9 E4 x" K( C1 z
13. Deputations
8 t( {8 L' F1 J& L, p 14. Mock awards% u8 S) ~8 m) d) g3 d
15. Group lobbying
5 N+ z$ H6 {. c+ Z4 L 16. Picketing
$ F8 Z6 M8 d' C1 [/ G 17. Mock elections
" W" s' P' n) P& R/ n; [- p: B$ v4 K/ @3 O5 }
Symbolic Public Acts! e) M3 N3 [( U* a3 q% Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: | D7 e' y8 U( \* w
19. Wearing of symbols
$ E9 K3 Q( I9 ]5 w. ?- c 20. Prayer and worship
$ A* o% l4 k% ~4 ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# F. v B5 r# c1 r- W9 u' w 22. Protest disrobings. _3 Z2 o' g; R8 ?3 E' G+ Y+ c( ~
23. Destruction of own property4 ^- c n3 D: w2 u6 n
24. Symbolic lights
* n, K4 |( k$ q4 C$ m2 o 25. Displays of portraits) [( v& S9 j1 B9 I3 o. x
26. Paint as protest; J v) W, ]& Z/ f
27. New signs and names* b# Q, `* j$ T& l' D) r
28. Symbolic sounds# j/ a- X9 [: t' w$ d
29. Symbolic reclamations! E, j- o6 C4 A% S. x% U1 `; H5 H/ A
30. Rude gestures/ F- ]4 Y% ^: E: E' m3 p& W
6 u* N6 Z- P6 |7 T6 q6 g$ t6 O- QPressures on Individuals0 q' j1 A5 y% T$ v7 ^
31. “Haunting” officials+ H* z' B6 g* o% R1 \
32. Taunting officials
- p, m* l5 q6 v) s* _* w 33. Fraternization
7 l% J5 {. n+ A3 c" i 34. Vigils8 E+ g, j8 ?- }0 h% v( T
. R4 R. y! t! z6 H# n4 VDrama and Music
4 S7 d$ n& z$ ]8 Y- ]5 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 H7 C# \' E& O' {8 `8 n 36. Performances of plays and music
; ^( D. T) l' j7 ^ W" ? 37. Singing
! N3 B; k0 F p8 u3 H/ h$ Y! Y; ^0 N# ]5 i4 G6 Q% o& i, n! N
Processions
1 F! U8 f; k$ Z 38. Marches- \- B: u1 B6 L. s" @& J5 g
39. Parades" X, o" w2 e$ a( h" U/ g& a2 l' S
40. Religious processions& y& k( [) x0 ^! m ]: M
41. Pilgrimages
6 o6 Y/ }8 }/ e) O! j. C 42. Motorcades
4 m1 Z2 e, }0 r
+ M0 q! V- K$ ^# ~& e r+ o& W8 J3 rHonoring the Dead
3 L' V2 k$ ?5 T: Z 43. Political mourning
! X ~3 g9 I# U8 F5 {8 F 44. Mock funerals/ I: O5 ?; c' i
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 u+ O$ h) N, m; X, x8 u8 w/ \( V 46. Homage at burial places1 I9 S. B* B/ f- w5 @) f3 `
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Public Assemblies% [4 z& n) _& V: K2 x8 m; e) N
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 h6 d/ H7 @5 R- i& N 48. Protest meetings
9 i9 y; s/ |6 H8 T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest d( u+ r8 R$ d; U# m! _7 x
50. Teach-ins2 r' j) o# T8 W
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
" l! N1 J r/ Q& H! y S* r 51. Walk-outs
2 q+ Q5 P. @0 y0 h 52. Silence
* w1 D. Z- N5 R7 N3 ~! N1 p 53. Renouncing honors
/ i( Q& }% e, g5 }! F% \ 54. Turning one’s back7 J4 e! W! F3 Q, Q H$ K" ]2 t
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" n# v% V+ A' n! M- M: WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) _* d" R5 x* V# x0 t
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9 ^. C+ M0 p$ `3 G. ?& KOstracism of Persons
9 K. G1 B+ `: o% q* ]8 b 55. Social boycott" y4 I" m& f* X3 W7 q: B: l
56. Selective social boycott
6 ?1 e/ F6 u& I 57. Lysistratic nonaction& ~9 ^' }' O, H. ?8 A6 W6 t
58. Excommunication% \( ?7 r- h! }
59. Interdict4 s& O. {" @" e2 T' ~: G% @+ t
0 [+ C8 o" T. _- `4 J) _Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 h' e) B* E' V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- k& Y9 _; p6 ~2 `, g- L 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 j' `6 z2 ^$ ^ \4 F5 Q/ c 62. Student strike
, m! S% Z4 L% }( U; d) {0 I; ?' r 63. Social disobedience
8 Y) O: l$ S0 t- V7 v7 u 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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9 _* Q4 y s. N7 {; B% B& @. k7 PWithdrawal from the Social System `7 B* f% k F+ C8 Y! M0 H+ }! B
65. Stay-at-home1 }' @; Q/ z: X- U6 N6 h9 m( y
66. Total personal noncooperation
. P. c& Y7 D* W% G) v 67. “Flight” of workers! a& j1 y9 \. v* N9 ^* N6 A& n
68. Sanctuary! f+ o2 F) r1 Z3 }% I: ~: W& d
69. Collective disappearance
9 B D, z5 V" h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ j7 n0 [* k# l' c, _1 Q
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9 z0 c: R) f1 N% W4 V& o0 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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7 |7 {5 I1 n0 _5 P% Z3 G, GActions by Consumers
8 V+ S& q; M) u3 H" P- x( e$ @8 D# | 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 m& m; n8 x/ Z" s1 g- Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 m. l+ R5 Y/ @
73. Policy of austerity
1 o* U# k9 \ R! I 74. Rent withholding* I2 U1 T9 b9 H D
75. Refusal to rent% B1 h7 B0 {8 H9 z! R
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 n5 x& e3 i$ E- L3 P9 Z2 d2 t 77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers
7 i, t2 G/ x+ e( r 78. Workmen’s boycott
( ?* Z5 n6 z3 J8 I2 P( @ 79. Producers’ boycott; g1 w/ ]$ m% \
4 d( A/ X) L0 h4 d. f1 yAction by Middlemen/ ~5 M3 Z' A. B3 g, r j2 Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 w5 ]2 }& ~% R: I! m+ j# S5 L
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Action by Owners and Management- Q4 P. O' h9 }, @/ J; ? o" d; Y
81. Traders’ boycott5 A" ~( n B" H8 q
82. Refusal to let or sell property" d7 I1 H) k/ I" c8 s
83. Lockout
/ x, w; R. Y8 ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- Y+ e1 k/ P4 b& H6 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources! x% j7 g) M3 c, t6 }4 [ I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% ~) e7 B3 S$ S1 E. u& _5 Z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 I' Z {7 [) e. Q D) X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 P% J+ y: X" `& d 89. Severance of funds and credit8 ]6 r5 z1 h8 o& [/ L1 B
90. Revenue refusal
' C; w" A8 I4 l3 \" @) o" p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 d7 W7 k! U7 a* m$ s7 I; z$ K7 V" Y, Q' m/ J3 X
Action by Governments
6 X. I+ ~; m6 @, p' G1 ~2 l! h 92. Domestic embargo
) v$ D' Z. r5 M2 V4 g' a. z 93. Blacklisting of traders
: y" y( ?! \! Y/ F( v 94. International sellers’ embargo
* z j; A* G; T) {4 k0 s: F. w: [; K1 w 95. International buyers’ embargo- {5 ]( d8 L! u5 g$ ]. E
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
- G' D. {3 l7 Q4 p3 _$ V5 f 97. Protest strike$ M) n. t# c" O) u" y- t! |7 w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) c( ^! S4 K( q" L5 v1 Z( t* ^
2 t5 m0 ~. N+ ~& t- W/ Z/ F
Agricultural Strikes
# ?& `% _, A; r: H% s2 v3 d; A 99. Peasant strike6 k( y/ |. `* f& D' O# E+ j8 K; C, r
100. Farm Workers’ strike# y2 j% G i# u; f4 ]
3 p* e$ f3 |0 H. v! q4 T/ wStrikes by Special Groups
2 o A, k' |. f5 c+ D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 ~! M z |. Z8 A8 S6 j3 [ 102. Prisoners’ strike
% w3 n) T0 F. V3 V 103. Craft strike' j/ }) t) D3 a4 c
104. Professional strike% E# H, g: X6 M
5 d/ V9 Z( j) L) K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: b t( c0 F% P3 ` 105. Establishment strike
% u- J9 }& W0 e7 x 106. Industry strike* C" x0 T6 v% `) V2 Q1 }: X4 e' |
107. Sympathetic strike/ f# G$ V/ L2 J9 G* o% }! @
- @0 p4 ]2 C+ oRestricted Strikes6 Z, r1 [$ r% Z: \* l
108. Detailed strike, J. O* ~1 I( V Z
109. Bumper strike" P, N5 U: O$ R- j. C# H' h) D
110. Slowdown strike
% L ?2 j" g8 e4 [( t, a# P1 y; i 111. Working-to-rule strike
( K+ z+ q4 p" \; M) U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' T$ y" C! @, G 113. Strike by resignation
5 e9 ^- O- {5 B. n9 a) `& | 114. Limited strike
2 q% m/ ]. x% I 115. Selective strike2 ]. [- _; T. p
& R) l; e; Y3 e
Multi-Industry Strikes! Y* F) c+ s+ O0 Q7 _6 f
* l/ S. T" M5 F2 n% B1 Z( g- M 116. Generalized strike; S- R* g5 q* m( ^
3 p n/ b- L: |/ L+ V 117. General strike
+ t$ R1 Q$ i/ r' d9 [
/ B: N# Y+ a5 J* T1 h vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 y4 p+ p- I3 R! y* i
+ o, b5 K4 g! M& L. d 118. Hartal0 N3 S+ e: a6 v& u% z
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119. Economic shutdown
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# U% r" k: H" e3 U9 y5 K% t( uTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
2 t" r- `4 ]7 t: Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) ], c6 I5 w; ~( E/ N
121. Refusal of public support
* e" ?9 V0 L: C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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5 g" |: ?* v$ j7 R0 b, bCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. P0 a3 ^# J/ X$ A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" k3 m8 T+ m. t8 J
124. Boycott of elections
5 @7 T6 `- A+ U$ p# s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions) r. y+ o! j$ U3 @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; k/ e3 f' D0 o2 Q7 A5 k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- u5 u9 [! N( D* `" ?1 S0 n4 K( M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, Z; k# T4 {0 g0 b( z& C* [+ M; Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. ~+ B* e5 f7 X- L0 K9 b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 J( p. Y0 F, w7 o8 P2 \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 u1 @8 ]! Y+ T# k 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% l+ ^( m0 H' n- J
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: B1 U. o+ P+ u. A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& ?. X; Z- s3 }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 S9 d1 L: _3 g, k% r. f 135. Popular nonobedience
6 d0 }- V6 z9 k4 R4 \: N, r& ?0 \% ^' j1 q 136. Disguised disobedience- P6 @8 E) I' ~4 M, m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: a' Z7 U) P3 D 138. Sitdown1 u/ b8 T& ~+ _, M- B, n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& N2 p9 [ |) _2 Z, T 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. F$ v/ X m% K9 d% N/ a }1 W. i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ @ y; ?, `5 s2 c
# u% r# i: F- B' E. w8 ]. T9 dAction by Government Personnel3 y9 H/ g0 O8 `8 H7 q' B2 C4 q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ [8 u) @+ j! x; K. f' r4 m, w }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; m$ M! ~. q, }% k7 g5 V/ N
144. Stalling and obstruction! b9 w) z$ R6 U( s& U# m) x
145. General administrative noncooperation' c( T: ]# r( E6 r9 v* ~) d
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146. Judicial noncooperation5 [: G7 E! L: R. R0 X! U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 o: A. N. H) w( Q- g
148. Mutiny
+ ~6 v9 N3 S2 L/ R+ U& l8 aDomestic Governmental Action# p, i. L# h+ c" R/ B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; y$ D8 V5 ]% x3 ]$ @: l* L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action! h p+ }: s5 H( F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ p8 f# W" B# i: Q. g7 A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ k% h# B, M2 L' f) @2 i, w6 Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( E& [: s* \. z& q, k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 Z( w) B6 h# {4 `8 o% d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ Y2 ], \7 M9 m# b& o4 O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! j* c, L6 e4 S7 g Q- |( p d
157. Expulsion from international organizations7 A0 d4 @7 v# E1 H! u0 |5 y- U
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6 ? p" p4 r5 u2 A' a+ a* yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 b; h+ x% ?8 l$ _( o
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. X) H( ?& i, t1 S6 B; YPsychological Intervention0 L( o" G! ?' _) D
158. Self-exposure to the elements" R. j% u ~: g; B7 h! L: l8 I
159. The fast
+ R6 [ i' O; I a) Fast of moral pressure, U; m% N4 a l. Y' {: |6 s
b) Hunger strike
$ o9 |; b+ S# o0 `0 \) P( p c) Satyagrahic fast
, U4 A, p1 d# X: U6 l 160. Reverse trial
2 A" }- i" `- a5 a2 h& g/ G 161. Nonviolent harassment0 X& n# |3 `# j* G+ p; c
* J2 {$ x0 l6 m) m2 t: zPhysical Intervention
% w4 R) Z4 K5 k" ^+ A1 W% T 162. Sit-in
1 t4 _( K6 v: i8 f 163. Stand-in( N$ |! ^, Q3 k# e' r& c+ p
164. Ride-in
_/ v% R: ` F) E, K" p 165. Wade-in
' ]; s0 j, {5 P 166. Mill-in
# |- h' w N' r* }" }2 M 167. Pray-in
+ ~. |: I5 V% W6 f 168. Nonviolent raids6 p4 n0 x$ n m4 D- G) O
169. Nonviolent air raids) d* u. A% _: g0 F( R
170. Nonviolent invasion% r& y+ I5 ?3 X" L6 z, p
171. Nonviolent interjection$ a9 C6 N/ R) A* N! r. N
172. Nonviolent obstruction# |; o! s6 T/ r; \ x! C% }5 p
173. Nonviolent occupation# Z8 A9 N( F. f: J1 H% ]
, F4 h& N/ U& d$ m1 K9 CSocial Intervention
7 i: Q: G- K# ^3 R, ~1 @ 174. Establishing new social patterns8 _& r1 K; K* K7 g' ]; A
175. Overloading of facilities' Z: }+ z, c# b2 D) x
176. Stall-in
/ d Q9 ]& ^$ ?; C2 l6 w 177. Speak-in# y5 U4 x5 w8 B. H
178. Guerrilla theater
9 L$ m' H& }, q; p3 Y: s& N 179. Alternative social institutions
3 D5 m {* f7 q \* S/ Z* ?& ` 180. Alternative communication system3 {3 m5 j; n1 \
3 ?" N1 m6 u4 @# w8 ], | CEconomic Intervention# c9 t* e, E( f$ d$ x& R2 t9 ~
181. Reverse strike/ Q% [$ u& v1 i6 m( F. t8 \9 }) K
182. Stay-in strike
3 w4 B% H+ D q `4 k 183. Nonviolent land seizure! }; X8 ~: g9 g- h+ G$ ?" G/ ?
184. Defiance of blockades
, S$ G5 Q: a5 d4 g' C0 t 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* | g% j$ l9 {: F* i 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 a- f: r5 F3 G. g/ }, n g 187. Seizure of assets
+ P" Y3 q+ D9 Y$ i 188. Dumping
+ v) \# i' w+ o/ d8 K 189. Selective patronage
' G! |0 O, r* R, r& H$ b 190. Alternative markets3 w( N6 i8 j8 n; s5 R4 d. l6 P
191. Alternative transportation systems
" j( y1 t1 ~: f! L) z 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention. U, c# W4 M, o
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 m) b P. {1 X1 h0 B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: V+ z4 ]* s. Y U3 E& H
195. Seeking imprisonment6 N" x) r3 A" c% z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ K6 a) ~ N( h1 q) D4 _
197. Work-on without collaboration- c7 i+ ]& X' }- `3 @9 j
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
