 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# M7 h; L) C8 X6 E% O
Formal Statements
7 J: H. }1 K! R0 S+ X7 B 1. Public Speeches
0 ^ ]" O8 Z) v' g4 w3 `5 h 2. Letters of opposition or support
% A+ j; q! u) x0 o0 A! C, I% y+ G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' _$ I; q/ J. ~1 P
4. Signed public statements
; `0 g6 C; y7 S# x0 _; q7 R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 o2 k" h1 ]6 x+ E9 y4 D2 L$ i# x" d
6. Group or mass petitions
- u, r1 t: }5 _& [" K3 r$ P9 W( f9 g+ [ b4 ^* v# _- |/ l
Communications with a Wider Audience5 D s6 H3 f/ Q- }* T s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 k( A+ u4 U9 g$ m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% G8 t( v) f% I+ B# b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& j% c$ O4 `- Q2 A
10. Newspapers and journals7 ~+ R$ r: ~: `$ p
11. Records, radio, and television/ V5 A* g! E$ B8 d9 N5 d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 D! B" G! p" _2 g* j! M: ~3 o
- E% j q! {& v5 a8 Q
Group Representations4 ]. `7 q: K6 e+ a/ J
13. Deputations
3 k1 I8 _7 i2 w' I 14. Mock awards
6 |, `" S1 G+ ^1 t' H 15. Group lobbying7 T9 I$ u- _' W4 [$ c
16. Picketing+ I1 }. B; d& c1 i7 g
17. Mock elections9 k1 T$ f7 J/ f( v
& i" X- t4 x( Q& vSymbolic Public Acts
1 Q- {2 Y: x, B5 z% E$ v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 T. F8 I& y" o( E) J0 s' l0 z
19. Wearing of symbols
+ }; ]6 }5 r/ c7 M) M1 e 20. Prayer and worship
' v6 f) L! j' e7 l0 e H 21. Delivering symbolic objects
& M5 F( n( y/ Y% z2 Q5 L 22. Protest disrobings
/ m# s' U. ]( I 23. Destruction of own property
* c$ Q; n* y9 ^( ?) B1 v! ] 24. Symbolic lights9 G' H# ]; ]4 l4 E; X) [& v% D
25. Displays of portraits
8 v) B% w% P* D 26. Paint as protest
+ h0 C8 S, k: h5 _ 27. New signs and names
2 N! \5 O: r2 h# C/ w, u, o$ \& d0 v! Z 28. Symbolic sounds7 Y5 e" ?2 S# z' y0 F
29. Symbolic reclamations
& B& B) J$ P. _# G4 |1 b: D* ? 30. Rude gestures, D2 s" T0 l/ w0 K/ V& \
8 u1 f9 s) P# T) C) ^4 {. ^* SPressures on Individuals
3 _/ j" N3 Y8 Y% u+ s* p 31. “Haunting” officials
3 [) C. }5 n! I1 _& o; I" X 32. Taunting officials7 g* K H0 I1 @6 F& l# l
33. Fraternization& K0 G& \( Y: H }6 u+ ^+ f
34. Vigils' C, u6 J0 U/ d2 [6 y8 Z
8 L" I- _ U9 K; A4 sDrama and Music
) u1 P+ O/ c) T3 i' D 35. Humorous skits and pranks) h: L+ K; E" k$ \7 Y* V4 s* ~% Z; m
36. Performances of plays and music
K- \% \* Q. L' u+ s 37. Singing4 p% N$ u# \/ `* b) L* Q
( f9 {' i) C( z c2 m$ {
Processions" w& z& ~/ G' v7 c9 h
38. Marches
( [$ k: {" a! f/ W9 M) q- u1 ?$ U 39. Parades
$ K! V, \" h! I- Q 40. Religious processions
; C' H. R1 q9 t* _( o6 q 41. Pilgrimages
! u) V2 v5 U5 y ^: d 42. Motorcades# l7 K v3 J$ X8 j7 Y v6 z
7 N% ]- E# k% `6 L8 E
Honoring the Dead s% W) l% ^. }/ r9 ?5 m! m
43. Political mourning( Y& {3 `( l5 Y9 u
44. Mock funerals
6 `, L2 c* L) b 45. Demonstrative funerals
" ^$ U- p9 j4 |+ ^ 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies, L; I) I* d; G$ K2 s: e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
& H: S9 N# X; }0 o$ t; { 48. Protest meetings
+ U# E$ L- N5 x) z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ a, S' Y# `, y2 n" M% G
50. Teach-ins
% T: Y2 c" s2 \0 J( A6 b6 h
$ @( u* i" s- d: @6 kWithdrawal and Renunciation. H! B$ b* o& j) H/ z- l- ^
51. Walk-outs
! q0 c# t4 c; ^: [9 B! S 52. Silence/ a! D2 ~- _0 L# L- _
53. Renouncing honors2 B& d7 ]3 }- X
54. Turning one’s back# }$ H$ L7 g$ K3 r
# D0 Z2 t7 A V+ U% r# G# A
! w. ^0 v$ r% T4 X5 c P
& u4 O% K* v- h5 S6 ]
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ ]! x) Y5 D K+ P1 X! w8 X8 N% Q) T8 w: X7 A4 h
0 P4 a3 `6 @1 O' T& g* f7 ]5 _
: F. U, v0 p& `
Ostracism of Persons$ k; q3 i+ L' _- [& I: m) W
55. Social boycott
: r- ?- y' X) i( k" e 56. Selective social boycott
4 H+ Q) X' Z8 V% T 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' Z& u) r, j" M: y0 \; @ x% Q 58. Excommunication) w# Z1 }6 ]* B" |" [8 `1 Z
59. Interdict4 R& A5 _0 N7 e- `& {# N* J
+ A' \( O+ E. o5 G& c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 h* F7 y# W4 U3 Y$ G q9 {3 g
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! y& @' J: j, N5 [: v 61. Boycott of social affairs
" a! `+ u6 ]8 \& T- z6 m 62. Student strike
) [1 [" k9 k5 }# G4 ?( H# @: o 63. Social disobedience/ D! i; c) A* b( c3 P) C
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- Q1 g9 L7 n) _
% h0 d- C% i: @0 k0 p2 D1 ZWithdrawal from the Social System
6 O' O/ R6 {/ e& ]) \! b( h" n 65. Stay-at-home& y, H' `; B! @
66. Total personal noncooperation
! O/ i2 k" `1 V& f 67. “Flight” of workers* @& S3 l8 e" L9 Z$ H- f
68. Sanctuary
" d# |( E; M7 I- B6 M" s1 R/ K9 y 69. Collective disappearance
* A9 [( x d* w8 q. s" L: f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): b; X! f0 _* b' z
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# y4 u# y, p* _- @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 H+ }) ]+ I0 X! l7 ^) G2 k5 `8 v& U6 p. b; j2 ~
, t+ z% r. Y7 G8 tActions by Consumers+ l6 @; C$ A$ ]- f9 i
71. Consumers’ boycott
u& |7 z9 ^ @& f! ? 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 a" O& n2 ]1 i( P4 F# ^ 73. Policy of austerity
, V5 `- `0 X4 n; J: @4 r# `( g 74. Rent withholding u7 i. A, E) H2 F5 F
75. Refusal to rent! H! x$ X2 Z. g4 I# m
76. National consumers’ boycott9 V& M& U( {' i+ ?/ f1 U& f
77. International consumers’ boycott
) u0 r+ ~* M& c
& F: \/ p ]- i' }: n% f2 @Action by Workers and Producers
1 |8 P! i, G. R$ m4 \2 n* e 78. Workmen’s boycott
. c" w$ I7 a& l9 h K 79. Producers’ boycott" c7 ?4 k4 |7 P6 j3 `! F
4 |/ ^8 Q& w( g; f: V% TAction by Middlemen# E# `7 F% T5 |& ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 R |, R3 [2 M4 Q2 d3 }6 r
; b6 r& t4 L& w! A5 u: u! qAction by Owners and Management( p- d: I& f5 T1 L2 v
81. Traders’ boycott
" z- Z& `0 m) Q& S }) q 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 Z* F. o9 `2 J7 p( w" |# Q
83. Lockout! h2 R6 I2 F# I- P$ e+ W7 I
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' [5 _4 m% V. R5 W3 L- n3 P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
H. o! U9 u( G: y6 q& F/ j4 X w8 j) i4 L* v5 g @' g) a
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! d' v0 ?5 c) c* g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: V, ?7 W( g% z! w" K: Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 D" L3 ^ z% O" {' M) m0 F% q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" i- K- h# I+ n& ^% J& s
89. Severance of funds and credit$ z9 L) L; Q8 ~1 s1 J
90. Revenue refusal* u+ X4 I& n( Y- q& H7 H+ X
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ ^; p- E3 P+ p4 P. O- u
0 a/ ]7 ^! v `Action by Governments" d/ l$ e( ?% h" u
92. Domestic embargo& |9 R7 q; |" w$ o3 p+ j8 N. X
93. Blacklisting of traders8 P4 q( ^& o# J" j; |% D( [0 U
94. International sellers’ embargo
; u6 X& n% N5 U" y 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 m+ k1 R; k% W; e, ~) Y* U 96. International trade embargo ?! e/ v8 G3 k q( P$ X6 d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' S. s* H, ]7 a/ v; E* K/ V
$ | i# X) S8 ^$ h) A' A. C& Y
6 S' B% {. D- r% X; a, LSymbolic Strikes
+ o( p: s/ p1 ^' Y |" r' E 97. Protest strike
9 }) M( |: Y% ~+ T" P" q3 x0 V, q6 Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' {- s G: t' S2 E r
, a( b0 X$ g' SAgricultural Strikes
8 P; E* G/ ~& Z 99. Peasant strike
8 Z9 k. Q# E; }" x# N, i, W& h3 { 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 U, z" P0 t* q: F4 ^$ I+ N
4 G. {- @- j' e* [Strikes by Special Groups
6 i) B7 k5 F4 O& H3 e3 Q 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 l' x4 ?0 u9 [ 102. Prisoners’ strike
* R% J1 n$ c/ i0 ~/ O( X. A 103. Craft strike( }6 b: w9 @4 L9 K% c# X# u
104. Professional strike
# J* h* E6 C) M4 O# x
0 w: I$ @6 {/ z$ `! t' YOrdinary Industrial Strikes# ]5 I$ K. `! W/ U, H8 P
105. Establishment strike
& ~: V; X" l' a 106. Industry strike
' G4 `" c1 @. H+ B6 @: }3 a) [ 107. Sympathetic strike$ i# z' m5 |1 k2 {( m
7 S7 W$ q7 f9 K9 DRestricted Strikes
$ W1 J$ T! J% w3 ~ 108. Detailed strike0 n& `" {2 ]6 N( r) j4 n8 D
109. Bumper strike+ J* W# o$ C* o
110. Slowdown strike: p0 s+ e, p5 D4 M/ S$ n
111. Working-to-rule strike
* W7 ?* W# g, K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 I8 k+ T2 }/ e/ m0 a7 k 113. Strike by resignation5 @% }) L# [1 {6 f
114. Limited strike5 r/ ]$ X8 b. U7 n9 v. H
115. Selective strike& F# K+ M) j( U) D2 n3 A# J# {
% z4 W$ o$ r& [* ?* g7 \Multi-Industry Strikes" L- X& {' |3 H) v) V/ ]- ]
' X( R, n7 v3 ~. R8 Y ?4 \$ i8 G
116. Generalized strike
" e9 K3 X2 p' Z+ S" m/ B V* o# u5 k9 `+ d
117. General strike
" q' c' X$ Z _5 q) `; P; B: j* T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. i2 O* L7 b+ k4 S7 h* b+ K& s5 s5 A7 d; X i* A+ W
118. Hartal
0 j% c7 ~# U+ l, m1 @6 C d+ H; ]* A8 G3 ^' u, i3 v% p9 J) a
119. Economic shutdown
9 ], Z( F5 T' [9 M
$ o8 e& h! L; J# L * n8 Y: }6 S$ Q
* T8 s; `# i1 n1 p1 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 z' d! E9 Z9 H$ A: L% ?6 t
9 `8 A. H2 X/ P8 ^: d
/ u; K$ w: E! l3 w/ N4 E eRejection of Authority. `3 E2 C! k0 _: @) v3 A; `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 C, X, {# \, E. t- z$ [& u6 V! P
121. Refusal of public support/ d& Y- e& c. D7 M/ `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ i) S7 ]& B! r/ Q6 `$ N& j* f
/ ?* T- v1 J' c! z* g4 N( V) n' Q, n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 s8 v8 R0 B% u3 R% M4 s4 _7 Y0 }& O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 D% B& c" n* N. F. D. q+ P1 J 124. Boycott of elections
) W$ G( Y# \. ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; k5 q) K5 `1 ]% H; u4 I 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 u/ I2 f1 h. x( [& D4 a7 J* u
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! C9 `+ F5 c$ u; W* n, Z0 W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 @0 H6 x( F I# |3 h; [- W4 M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! ~$ t& ?/ G5 M7 s' E* S- k3 B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 W' ?2 B y; _& N
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 e) q) p. A4 m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: b' @) ^+ S! L( h
- L7 m: [/ }. x; x9 SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 E, O8 J( d! M; @. f4 N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- t) u" |$ N* y2 E: u' E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision q6 y. O+ F! I1 Y
135. Popular nonobedience
9 ?8 |7 R" o" @4 G. X/ |# t 136. Disguised disobedience
+ j* K6 Q; }; G+ R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. s. ~1 @6 Y, C% {3 S& ~6 m- [
138. Sitdown6 G, s! Y5 T3 u7 u
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% N; O6 u. z$ D$ w) \0 z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* W2 u( V* c( j5 V2 y0 t) u
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 |8 H! b. E. S+ V2 s% [
- R( T! i! [0 l, c1 ?3 X! \5 p. q2 }Action by Government Personnel) y$ h' X1 e8 ^5 {( W# E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 d5 I7 R) F |+ t1 E5 g3 c! O0 f
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& f0 y! \3 U& W$ Q Q& t- K0 ^6 B* s 144. Stalling and obstruction- u/ }* g/ S" }- a- ~2 h3 v9 I
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 h( ?1 d+ P6 Z2 |
7 {. j7 P) m- Z/ S: w 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ k% H5 U& V" o( N* { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. G% d9 w* m# p# s9 R 148. Mutiny
! S Z) d& L+ r; c. Z, EDomestic Governmental Action
0 J' o; A+ ?2 P) h 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 j( T1 J; z- p/ }3 j- _3 e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 c5 @: U+ J) }% v( n# I, j* V, U6 J1 b& G& u& m" t, n+ |% X# n
International Governmental Action, S6 z w. `$ f7 A$ E
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; J7 t8 f' \ ]9 ?6 x: ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) A+ z' S! ] r L2 l9 L# M' ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ @' b) ]3 {: e+ R8 ?# ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' a8 t/ Q: y* N5 a; x3 [
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! F* o9 m" s' i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies p* }0 F( }; E# Y2 a: y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 u s0 a' g! N7 D" W+ |& `% P! W! |( l' p' `* ?- _) \
9 I- p# g6 T' B/ S% g0 e' y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& d3 |" B- n5 S m: w% W" s; L* a5 a' U, c! v( b7 s
, K! h y, i3 I" e0 Q
Psychological Intervention
5 o5 P& m5 C) U7 E 158. Self-exposure to the elements X; H+ [6 ~1 \0 j
159. The fast5 h( _ w" h$ o' G
a) Fast of moral pressure) h' b0 R* A, }7 K' y& {. `
b) Hunger strike
" {0 i$ B; W# `+ J, L5 S1 \0 a* d c) Satyagrahic fast- \- Z: B2 S! `0 K0 L6 P0 o! M
160. Reverse trial# c, O* I ]7 y, E, C
161. Nonviolent harassment' n4 N# z3 {! E& v6 F
+ Q, A6 {! I; N8 t8 T4 m( x) b
Physical Intervention& X$ i8 C- ^. X1 O8 Q9 h, \! d" M
162. Sit-in) N6 i6 v8 p0 R
163. Stand-in! J& I1 t9 `" M |6 j/ p
164. Ride-in
2 l3 j4 v2 P+ z1 `: J" R* S% X' ~ 165. Wade-in
8 Y# @ M A, Z8 Q$ v }# P' F+ f 166. Mill-in A8 U- N- M* F$ r( g0 W U
167. Pray-in
9 Q6 q3 s6 Y8 X' L; R; J ?2 ? 168. Nonviolent raids
# B' G+ L! M: e3 }& B 169. Nonviolent air raids# p, ?, s; d; i. e3 |; M+ g
170. Nonviolent invasion; i9 N6 l3 V1 m# T: G/ a
171. Nonviolent interjection+ B/ o( t/ B; K v( o; o* H2 o
172. Nonviolent obstruction% ~ b1 B7 U9 ^; h9 S: F0 ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
P5 m; l2 ~ g" d e& _6 |# T' m% d. a: C. H' w% S$ K
Social Intervention
" L, R( n! W+ u; P$ }: d 174. Establishing new social patterns x5 j8 T& J) H) S
175. Overloading of facilities9 I+ N0 u8 `2 x7 B% B
176. Stall-in7 G$ R; W( E2 w8 f
177. Speak-in
5 h- p' O7 y: d1 u 178. Guerrilla theater, T- d+ j8 m! u. J8 ?2 ^/ z
179. Alternative social institutions
' w# R& ~4 w4 j& f$ i+ o 180. Alternative communication system2 b( t: L% N. ]5 T6 n M0 W
3 v O3 F' P% h& L# D9 f2 W% WEconomic Intervention; x+ S+ F ^5 U! E% q5 y* Q
181. Reverse strike
" c4 w1 p) }, z- F- B4 c0 L 182. Stay-in strike
! V, p# [6 p( _% f 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& \+ I* U! s& X' C9 R 184. Defiance of blockades
3 J! q; i, M" s' j, t1 w2 L+ G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ ] `# x8 K- E: _4 W' H
186. Preclusive purchasing
- f# {4 [2 a1 }" } 187. Seizure of assets
8 i, W G- L" S; P 188. Dumping( e" x+ n' G! C
189. Selective patronage
8 k# z' _( n+ B4 p; T1 D* y 190. Alternative markets' Z9 q2 I( I- K! z7 V" x: g4 S
191. Alternative transportation systems; A9 e% b/ {7 z, F
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 ?* a2 g# O0 M L# S' X) G" v' S0 k! b* x$ H5 s# d
Political Intervention% {' M( K" O9 d/ B
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 s# D7 ^: _7 l8 ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; k$ C; n" R7 S- D4 _) a' n 195. Seeking imprisonment. m7 d ~# N4 @& v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 [/ O* q- D1 ]& u( Y7 n2 d
197. Work-on without collaboration. ^" K8 J# r! B; }* A6 V$ V2 b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
