 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! P4 T& U: A8 p
Formal Statements6 A+ Q4 e; h) g! x0 k: ^3 O
1. Public Speeches6 P8 B( g1 s" H
2. Letters of opposition or support6 r. r0 v6 b; \0 X M1 `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' V9 ?, Z- I# t% { ?& K$ f2 q+ I0 N$ i 4. Signed public statements
( ^6 R1 q4 T$ C$ U. m, R. d; g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 l- O' [! e5 s) X+ q7 q1 { Z 6. Group or mass petitions- v7 `7 F, J# P4 n! C
8 v" C% s) v- ]2 k- j
Communications with a Wider Audience" R: d; g. B( T6 q! x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 n- `# B+ T2 }, B( Z" A$ }2 N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 _9 [9 o% K/ }. _9 m2 V1 N) o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) @5 y8 b& u; I7 T
10. Newspapers and journals
# \+ W8 M% R4 Q) P C 11. Records, radio, and television
5 s" q0 x+ [: N$ o( P8 P5 Y7 C5 @ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ `3 |' S! O( I! o, N
! e2 Y2 T \8 MGroup Representations
+ `, c4 m: ]$ R! {3 ]9 b. ~4 c 13. Deputations
+ }* ]& R, Z k+ o 14. Mock awards
$ o( ?- G' U# Y' `8 `; }8 C 15. Group lobbying
1 |. E/ }- z m. r 16. Picketing
% D& j; o, f1 e1 R8 t 17. Mock elections
/ b1 h1 N" X9 E+ X
& n2 |$ C* C! ]Symbolic Public Acts5 d( Y2 R% S# y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# D5 F4 G0 O$ x; Y
19. Wearing of symbols
5 p5 O! K9 O5 j0 _3 c 20. Prayer and worship
/ l6 C) v8 N. D) [7 K9 R: K9 C$ e 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 E# i1 T: f1 R. ~: j 22. Protest disrobings
; U/ f+ K, _- L( b8 g+ d+ |7 L4 G 23. Destruction of own property
; R0 s: L& j8 D" B& T, F 24. Symbolic lights
, G) g0 D/ t5 e 25. Displays of portraits# U& T1 B, s) Q6 `6 p
26. Paint as protest0 b5 m% g! E( V8 c6 `' r' F
27. New signs and names' e3 `8 D( [, D+ v. N& `2 m7 n
28. Symbolic sounds
8 S2 V9 h! ^% G; ]4 f7 q 29. Symbolic reclamations
& A0 ]0 I5 T2 s; }' p) S( I# b! R 30. Rude gestures: J+ \1 x9 M* i4 O F
3 P: N; f, e" o4 Y
Pressures on Individuals/ ^$ a' Z D* S; C- q/ ^& q) b# A
31. “Haunting” officials8 K6 H, B0 V4 F: i! I
32. Taunting officials5 Y' u. K4 {: v8 W+ E
33. Fraternization
$ W% C: R. V* \' e8 M+ | 34. Vigils2 W5 K$ ~) y& x. a, i3 D* T
; p' s3 Q' ~, b# A& G
Drama and Music/ a4 X5 F+ q4 y" i, r' b
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. ~9 ?# A2 ^+ \+ w4 v9 o6 [ 36. Performances of plays and music8 G: ?+ b! W! J. E/ U" x, @
37. Singing2 w/ A$ V }0 m: F+ Z# c8 e
8 M4 O8 O: k- Z, {0 U2 C
Processions
6 c- V: ~- ]" f N1 g/ ` 38. Marches
8 C. m- \7 O) i% R4 _ 39. Parades! `! t- B i s# K
40. Religious processions
2 M) u5 N4 f1 Q) J# N 41. Pilgrimages
# Z$ R; a! j+ X9 V4 ]; c 42. Motorcades
: g. U% T1 Y2 Q) C
( t5 \5 h2 o+ ]$ U) O# gHonoring the Dead9 m8 A; N" F5 S; P, v5 y; d
43. Political mourning
+ D3 ]! _5 | R( \ 44. Mock funerals4 x( C$ e1 H3 d# }+ F9 l( W
45. Demonstrative funerals( S; R- I- ~2 ? Q4 K6 P$ ?" F4 s
46. Homage at burial places
2 o0 i8 M" Z6 |& u' a7 s' S1 c- O+ S7 X1 \) `
Public Assemblies
% P. ~; z5 A- H3 h/ p6 i 47. Assemblies of protest or support, a% l6 {+ R$ w% v$ P8 J
48. Protest meetings6 F7 R8 B; I# |: H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( F2 Z6 g6 k7 n7 E0 n! u7 U
50. Teach-ins
- H# y+ K6 U/ P5 |% I5 [' f S8 ]0 G1 J% q: N" w
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- m6 f% e% N- Y- M8 K9 r1 t7 U 51. Walk-outs+ L# n1 [/ r3 W5 J) D, W
52. Silence- N) j* U( S+ T' j" ~
53. Renouncing honors
3 `( j3 q% H' c7 } 54. Turning one’s back
' r2 Q; a& U2 M: Y( ~4 Z$ j h, c/ I t$ k K
& t6 q( q1 P! ]. o/ R8 ?1 Q: L% j' F. B% ^7 w" d1 [: }
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 q& L' _8 p- ~- ` B: [
( P' v! y! f* q& c ( P" a9 W7 {4 `
2 `4 s) @3 L! WOstracism of Persons
( q9 k3 e& A9 Q' f; G' V/ y0 I 55. Social boycott! ?. t/ ?" {5 ~
56. Selective social boycott9 ]9 _3 i! }" Y4 W' P/ q
57. Lysistratic nonaction' N0 S2 J# n- v
58. Excommunication
2 S& k2 `$ G# W9 t1 h 59. Interdict. ^. f9 `- J# q$ ?
" ]9 B4 E7 P2 Y& J& Y% g1 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 @9 v# a, x# w, W* { 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 c& K& ~: I/ \2 I 61. Boycott of social affairs+ x! B: i' j2 u: O M B
62. Student strike
3 p0 W: y. D1 p0 N7 B 63. Social disobedience
/ ]& o' Y; S4 ?: e 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! k9 ]6 I- a0 ~
& f0 L U: l+ s, L* S5 q6 BWithdrawal from the Social System0 z) i y/ i- s8 E: y
65. Stay-at-home" \: \/ K5 G4 v+ @' c4 c
66. Total personal noncooperation" N6 [' }1 l% i5 I1 q/ `
67. “Flight” of workers
3 _! N* B; G2 u3 x' g; Y 68. Sanctuary
( D% [" W% z- l0 K% G" C3 {$ Y 69. Collective disappearance; \) M% }5 X, O8 J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 J) B# F4 f# _9 B
5 @- x& g, X4 D7 J , q8 l6 @$ \; ?- s: ]: ?# V" ~
: j6 E- ~3 g* E: o" ?& m4 c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; a4 d- q4 m5 ^; I
1 [3 q. x' J/ t* X1 b' H . r0 f, p/ Q0 t% c0 \
Actions by Consumers
( H& k1 ?; n# \2 @6 { 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ A' M4 p- q3 f8 Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: L' n1 s& G$ I! p. \) E$ m 73. Policy of austerity, l3 k1 b) }/ y* a) c! j
74. Rent withholding3 ^" b8 k8 g6 R
75. Refusal to rent* W; G" I' C6 q" K J& I
76. National consumers’ boycott
# O% K, i) x# n 77. International consumers’ boycott/ L' P# P% l- C9 o# C: N
# U5 R+ `3 g# ]+ IAction by Workers and Producers5 `) b. j2 Q4 u. ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ Q* @$ h+ ]0 n+ \( N 79. Producers’ boycott8 s( w& {# }2 s& Y2 X: p; Q/ X
5 g3 S, k( V& P5 @$ Y6 R
Action by Middlemen5 I* [& a5 E5 T. S5 e1 l$ q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! T. w$ |" w7 t$ n+ p! V# o
4 I: p4 a) D" N* t+ _; ~+ AAction by Owners and Management
+ m- x$ _( x' F) ~3 |2 i, z 81. Traders’ boycott" A6 C. F C! Y, E5 i/ s* Y/ C0 T. H
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 X# V% _7 ^$ R/ o
83. Lockout( n* z6 E5 ]' ?6 b- g4 G. o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 P% a7 Q) _8 @- l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
_0 x# n4 |, [- W
0 o& d4 R3 ?" E, `+ S) m5 WAction by Holders of Financial Resources3 ~# N! u: H5 i7 n4 q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 s$ H9 ?* t4 N7 x3 D" c) X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: @4 W7 ]* d1 j; h& E; V: b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 t/ |" m) G( J
89. Severance of funds and credit
# r8 R; K S8 w3 R# ^$ U 90. Revenue refusal
8 P; y+ f+ h, I* q+ O0 w/ {7 | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
, L4 j& a0 j6 Q" G/ h/ `; n i4 ^
Action by Governments
6 z: {6 k1 T4 f$ Z 92. Domestic embargo
% ?- c; m! y, Q4 D( a 93. Blacklisting of traders! F& R9 M C- \/ Y% O5 V5 y4 P3 L
94. International sellers’ embargo8 I3 `% f3 r+ U5 n+ H
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 K9 b: O2 }" U* `/ H 96. International trade embargo
2 ?3 f2 d! f1 X$ J) C) Q( i3 X' t6 N- @: z
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( t" d7 S/ I. A( f) F. G2 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 e F1 R$ `% V
. t- w* A8 W6 p2 J$ \ j- M+ B0 x5 D' n/ m# }
Symbolic Strikes+ A2 h8 b. T7 x/ {. i% u _
97. Protest strike6 c9 o* r& T9 M1 m
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 d$ Y; j8 s; w; k4 h* ]6 C! b7 `. b) B- A* S& C3 n; Z% Z3 Q
Agricultural Strikes4 L: N) @7 I4 d6 q: s7 B+ v
99. Peasant strike; f% A8 Y& i6 W7 w( M4 Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ ?! I( j9 ?6 w' W. W8 ^
' p" S9 F$ W- AStrikes by Special Groups
& f3 G- B; D3 v1 I+ r6 g 101. Refusal of impressed labor! D# f4 \# v& t; X5 F9 T
102. Prisoners’ strike: J" z! Y1 {- Y; Y3 n3 v; ^
103. Craft strike' Y) V, I0 w5 w
104. Professional strike
' p& h, O" P" d
" r$ @1 r$ K3 TOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 w& n W [/ ?% |. @
105. Establishment strike. y, Q7 i/ \7 X) N* K8 e
106. Industry strike) l2 X# a/ ^" ]/ \+ e$ _" w4 ~
107. Sympathetic strike. Y) v& f0 g$ u0 X4 I; ]
7 d2 w7 e/ U: B6 [- w4 gRestricted Strikes
7 E" H ? C9 X- M# r 108. Detailed strike
8 x4 T2 o" z( ?+ { 109. Bumper strike4 m- ^ C; B# f" ^2 ]6 }
110. Slowdown strike3 _- X4 L$ M8 x6 b. h) J/ w
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ I$ u/ t1 g. z$ I9 o5 z+ z. |. p/ E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 x5 l8 D) X9 \- o8 ` 113. Strike by resignation0 B: i6 A8 O7 A* m+ F1 {6 L
114. Limited strike/ B* p0 o5 j5 p1 Z1 u
115. Selective strike
& e6 R( M$ \6 F( x% `" i* v6 @* f" X" z- L
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 `( M$ J2 u1 E4 S1 b2 V. p) _
: k- }$ o$ w: g+ ?# C 116. Generalized strike: b3 a# l$ {8 I# f( b8 T
# u8 i2 r* j0 ^
117. General strike
7 w' }1 N( \1 x- h. r5 j* w- m
! _. ?2 R7 P( q) D# r8 i: v' gCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) a. D5 w. p1 b, f/ c( p$ y0 W, E) _# M; U
118. Hartal
6 m* q9 E+ [5 X9 n3 e( P0 w9 M, z
% W% _. V/ l2 n 119. Economic shutdown/ c/ d9 K, _, d, q1 Q: Y; ^
8 l+ V U. m% x" b
$ B9 o I$ @9 o' }* F$ W6 L* l1 N) g% r3 w- q1 B" V2 a, I
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 q( X( I4 U: S3 V; B
Rejection of Authority, O- v+ n5 t8 u+ n T8 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 }- d) W, p5 A 121. Refusal of public support5 I% E; N7 \. z5 F1 Y- a' v6 V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" I2 m- ?6 F1 g! u6 h
3 U( n* E: L( Z7 G' [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, N/ u& H" f* T; t+ ?1 e, p3 ?3 W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# c* N: ~ q! m! u
124. Boycott of elections
" R/ T0 L2 b k0 D0 s6 O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ r7 h H- H- h1 _5 a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 C8 r; o0 k6 R C' r$ T" p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) g. u- C( R T' Z5 `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 d: O% d, }: `
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ F$ q- R W u/ E( x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* B; u& s5 Y" T3 S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( S/ H6 j' s: k3 t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; y% B1 z, H h: A
+ o l$ R5 J2 I, w' o( ^+ t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. d. N1 j. t/ x/ T: r3 {+ k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& G: ?( ?# u% K }6 R 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! V. B, u4 l0 j4 \9 v, M4 Q# A
135. Popular nonobedience+ y* r) `! Z5 m- [" x- ^
136. Disguised disobedience
( _/ o/ m: E8 V$ { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% [2 i, J8 V' T+ l9 B 138. Sitdown
( ]% S5 D# A4 i: y! E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ M6 `0 S2 Q' S- O A9 z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ A% \5 w% @: x5 B3 Z( `4 q$ ~1 d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# y: l7 D/ U. r7 J# j3 F
& u& I% P+ d0 g. gAction by Government Personnel
; M) b) o. d9 C7 C& N+ `( f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' Q3 o7 S k' e, g" f6 M3 @7 G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ d9 N# H' ^: [$ i 144. Stalling and obstruction/ V* | _/ Q3 u! r' k& c" P
145. General administrative noncooperation
( e& s8 X5 h' o, k" o# |2 u
5 t) @' p( u0 o v7 P% e l 146. Judicial noncooperation: d+ ~# x# g: V* K0 r! ~! D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& u; F1 N+ d9 d
148. Mutiny$ C* E4 `8 {6 s S' U
Domestic Governmental Action
1 y. y, \; x# U6 ?* K- y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ D% p' _3 @7 C1 X4 [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 x5 g6 ?& x% H* m5 U
+ @ \) N, ] R9 hInternational Governmental Action
+ C+ L& O! Q8 B; K- t D' O1 z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% K' ]/ W0 ^. [4 d- F5 l# b) O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 H& ~+ O* \6 ?& R9 f. ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 k7 ^/ @, M! X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" M, E0 ?" L0 M* t9 M, T" w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 f4 y: ^5 f6 \4 ]3 X' \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" ]3 m, D" L2 v; ~# _
157. Expulsion from international organizations! O2 v% k: k& q( T% G- o* z
4 b, z7 w) Q" X- n& b; t" @% j& H+ }
a% ^ M& S3 o& M8 N7 C
9 I; q" r3 F4 S. XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 S- i! t0 L+ j0 k# m- R
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9 y* I5 i. x1 I2 R B/ T6 i- F {Psychological Intervention; {+ w. W. u a) p( ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 c5 V, @* q5 ?6 ^/ B; {
159. The fast
* P& A; b8 ?3 Y+ W c a) Fast of moral pressure! O% H0 |# R. p7 w# D8 Q' ^
b) Hunger strike
U) D4 R9 a4 s! ?. L( } c) Satyagrahic fast
$ e5 a8 K) U3 L) z 160. Reverse trial
5 }) k" G V( B, e 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 b. `' _# q" j, L3 l2 u
. d) w F& Z( G% d, i( D4 `Physical Intervention+ u" X8 r9 p j# Z! c
162. Sit-in- Z4 P) C- j: N/ K
163. Stand-in/ ^) r! L* B9 B. \8 I
164. Ride-in
, l6 n9 ~1 a1 o/ l; C 165. Wade-in
8 z1 u1 M" c3 n9 n W 166. Mill-in; l5 _7 a+ P, I; V4 n2 S4 \ i
167. Pray-in! u. v, J X" m
168. Nonviolent raids! o% M9 o0 U3 s/ c) D$ D. [6 x
169. Nonviolent air raids
; o- R5 V) A8 a$ c& N, D 170. Nonviolent invasion, B( X; B8 p7 _# D7 M) z3 j! c, F: e$ d
171. Nonviolent interjection
( K9 o y0 H' o( b8 ~! ^ P0 q 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ I F$ }, Q w% s9 z% [# R) e
173. Nonviolent occupation U! I( A3 N& l2 l. z+ j0 U. U7 d
* b C A- B% G, k! ^Social Intervention
+ q( B' L0 O9 X9 f0 ~0 i 174. Establishing new social patterns; J1 c# v1 E5 [ }
175. Overloading of facilities% X" `4 g: H9 ~7 \
176. Stall-in
* `( ]2 G: N- f- l( \7 _ 177. Speak-in4 t' i: q# X5 w. e0 v
178. Guerrilla theater
4 J* s$ `6 K! n% P1 Y/ K1 { 179. Alternative social institutions9 x5 r3 s% U+ Z V1 ]! P$ ^
180. Alternative communication system8 {; c: F" ]! R% v5 i% ~9 U
$ F! L6 h8 m' H" }Economic Intervention
& Y5 k8 t3 T& r; q+ w! p/ A* H 181. Reverse strike
% M# \+ r, Y% V 182. Stay-in strike5 a% ~( y' U9 F" W6 W O4 ?( s) M
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 H: @7 T2 K6 \: `/ D1 o) s 184. Defiance of blockades
, G" y) [) b; f5 [" W8 B+ F8 n 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; M- A" o' O8 M) |) g6 w 186. Preclusive purchasing
% r3 \, J- _8 D3 W |8 I, Q 187. Seizure of assets0 M/ a5 J5 t8 C3 l( G. m
188. Dumping" f9 S. M7 W! |6 E7 Y1 z
189. Selective patronage
* |. a/ t! X6 w4 D. | 190. Alternative markets
$ C1 j9 x5 X5 {$ g' }5 M2 X 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 H o' G, i; R/ p6 h, y" ~$ L% ]/ m 192. Alternative economic institutions( {# N& X: ?# x% V3 U$ w/ o
3 c+ d! z7 o/ z8 K2 ~+ u1 c' { T2 M
Political Intervention5 }6 }) W. Y2 Q3 f7 C5 Y, ]
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: ^% y; h3 A6 f A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 a& M6 y, N$ a* g9 U4 I0 m1 [0 m 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 S' h ?; H1 U5 F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* \7 w" X/ s& W' W I3 ^7 B% K
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 e' @8 F# T: n5 S5 Z) o. c) H, r5 W 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
