 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 R7 t1 u7 q$ EFormal Statements3 p4 Z5 ]6 g+ B4 n6 ~
1. Public Speeches+ A( T8 g1 `% f
2. Letters of opposition or support! G1 z9 K2 ^! {# E5 O9 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) ]' f4 {0 T; b2 S: o; o
4. Signed public statements
. _9 w3 v |7 Q: w( |5 b. r 5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ u6 ]! m I) r5 K1 n) v
6. Group or mass petitions
$ [# X' V) a( n# S; b2 @
6 T- h! S& S! j: W1 }8 T7 h9 A4 d$ k* qCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ z2 R9 O2 A. S0 i7 I8 ?; \4 A/ U1 [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 [ M5 p) h# R2 ^7 d 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# ], E6 e7 i9 O/ c# _" J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ y) j* W: L0 m/ H( }; M1 P4 F 10. Newspapers and journals. W) N7 ^/ v6 ~3 r
11. Records, radio, and television
$ ~6 `$ S. b, G x" }# ^# C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ ?- }4 ~1 _0 Z. W
7 @5 T2 _7 i4 ]Group Representations
3 L# `! M Y8 Q/ ^ 13. Deputations2 n. o* L7 F, k: ~
14. Mock awards/ d! [! g, `2 v
15. Group lobbying
/ M0 f8 I8 c% L$ F/ D 16. Picketing
' U* j& Y/ l# [1 t7 J9 e 17. Mock elections) ]9 { W. V: ^: w
" F# g9 V8 s3 p% D$ W; _Symbolic Public Acts
5 Q' m: i0 L# [6 a [" _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 V# E i: k/ Y' L+ ?
19. Wearing of symbols
8 T) g2 a8 R0 `" ^. i) d* j 20. Prayer and worship; H/ @. f- s2 w( f' A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 L7 L( j, r/ a; b% X1 B 22. Protest disrobings3 D& @ n. I4 Z8 [
23. Destruction of own property
0 d y+ Z, j x$ b 24. Symbolic lights" m( y: R+ t/ _7 M
25. Displays of portraits; R1 A3 {" \" a. g
26. Paint as protest
! L( ]' y6 T0 f3 o- ? 27. New signs and names7 P p4 z, X4 j& h+ H3 E
28. Symbolic sounds; ~1 C0 E" i2 l$ R; }, T
29. Symbolic reclamations
: `; { F! a) g* Z6 \4 h( C 30. Rude gestures& L2 o& f9 i( ?& t P$ D
- c6 J( c8 I1 F. F8 c+ hPressures on Individuals
8 A3 k+ ]0 b2 d. p8 V 31. “Haunting” officials
! G) w' t/ ?/ v 32. Taunting officials
2 v8 Q; f. _* l4 v5 Z+ i4 w 33. Fraternization
+ T W& a% p: E 34. Vigils+ g+ i3 t# b( e7 P! i
6 c. Y, a, G* |& Q
Drama and Music C( I5 Y0 i3 r( g7 m0 S m3 k: u' k
35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 |8 ?; P; q6 f' k& d 36. Performances of plays and music
: \' c" n# x/ P8 `' c { 37. Singing
. u" z% d8 L( [) a
8 V% {6 j) K& U% C; UProcessions
9 ^9 P1 B) ], g& Z 38. Marches
- b+ n7 r9 s4 A 39. Parades+ ] }( A; [" T
40. Religious processions
% A# z- x/ N2 Z! I m9 B 41. Pilgrimages
|# N( V/ b# l- ~% \ 42. Motorcades
( a+ l# o- @ H% }5 V
3 u3 O) L* h# N8 IHonoring the Dead- y$ U6 a/ W0 U' d/ r. N9 ]/ ]+ M
43. Political mourning
: x1 A5 s7 v A5 b. Q5 f8 T2 M# ?( ?/ a/ C 44. Mock funerals
5 {- o- ]+ z. V2 ? 45. Demonstrative funerals4 q8 p" p1 v: e" J- N: G; y. C
46. Homage at burial places
, S! p0 h, S- [& l0 q3 o" G9 ]/ Y
! {8 h( p1 C& Y( t( O3 ?Public Assemblies# P+ U7 ?0 [ H! s; J) L# V
47. Assemblies of protest or support# a- w* \. e B3 A
48. Protest meetings7 E8 H$ \$ _0 i. }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 S# {% v2 Z+ D1 f
50. Teach-ins
( {' O+ [6 H; p+ \5 M6 n5 s
' u1 Z& L! m; V5 l7 T/ q( oWithdrawal and Renunciation
3 m' g! F, d+ ]. ~ 51. Walk-outs
7 X& |' x2 X/ w* b$ Y5 J7 ^ 52. Silence" g( H0 T# `8 D
53. Renouncing honors
& q3 n$ c& |8 \ 54. Turning one’s back# T* m' g0 E* f2 {; X& |, F9 b N
2 C6 A0 f/ t" p) ? ' w3 t0 G' p) w6 \+ i4 v! P5 t* {
% I( L' t( b$ U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# s1 Z+ ~8 O1 E* u+ b. N8 ~3 Q) |% q T% w; h( m% N/ f' U: c
: u; k; n4 ^0 ^8 i0 P% {1 q. | [; \; C' _" X- h4 u3 z; u9 t+ z
Ostracism of Persons5 f3 S; G6 h% X
55. Social boycott
7 |! b& w( p, w. p 56. Selective social boycott" i$ R4 v6 U9 w. ?! u ^$ a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: G" `; w/ C# _- ~! D 58. Excommunication; Y& N- \7 D& q! r3 z- }7 Z
59. Interdict4 U1 i# g/ x$ Z: H* M( i7 D% s; @% E
r6 H6 l* Y1 f9 i6 u) p4 i# HNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" P/ w& E3 h- M5 Z. F+ A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 x# ^8 ?6 C, f: s( S }8 N/ l
61. Boycott of social affairs) v( U' P. ^4 ]: j, q
62. Student strike
6 p7 l8 |* H" I$ U: p 63. Social disobedience ~: x6 C# j" N' Q; S" q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ K6 W/ H! _4 i. A- Q: o, U: F2 |/ E7 y% ^' R* m! q
Withdrawal from the Social System+ k8 ?4 Z9 i; W. H. n
65. Stay-at-home
3 Q, s3 b" _# @! l& [# t 66. Total personal noncooperation9 L8 Q9 o: f+ o7 X2 h3 K
67. “Flight” of workers0 v9 ]$ X1 Z, E5 r) u- G
68. Sanctuary
5 | \7 P2 X8 B: U0 i+ }# [ 69. Collective disappearance
' M* j5 J p8 a' ?' ]2 Z6 T 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% z: L* U6 e. h2 T
4 v& ?! |, V3 m" K+ {! U6 y( M+ r ; v6 ^ }7 i. Z! o8 `
9 v2 m& z" }5 I8 ^1 n5 D8 k. k& dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 h- {' O+ W0 m
# i2 t5 ^! K. B9 O& \
$ l1 K$ ]/ Z/ M4 }, g% `
Actions by Consumers
* x6 R5 S/ a6 n0 Q 71. Consumers’ boycott2 f N. f# p( y. ]* i9 i
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' ^3 R9 x" ]$ L
73. Policy of austerity
" d7 r1 v% B1 \( Q1 n2 }0 V 74. Rent withholding+ w8 X7 M) b0 q) k! A Z9 R
75. Refusal to rent
7 e, `. q7 \; ]5 X1 z- E1 l% L 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ X2 C) z+ H6 b( k/ K, p% f 77. International consumers’ boycott! p& }% j4 A7 A& M; A
3 W0 }. i/ W4 L" @6 b# X
Action by Workers and Producers! k+ n6 b8 t+ \, p: z! j
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 P- \( I e! \# }$ X% C) J* b! ?& _ 79. Producers’ boycott
+ p w; Y3 P1 k" j8 W. ~3 C+ f3 ^% F
Action by Middlemen
6 y; u4 q$ e2 c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ ]& H" h3 f$ N% a1 P. O8 S* n' b9 z2 \7 u8 ]! Q
Action by Owners and Management( j5 a. S+ M }! W* G9 Y
81. Traders’ boycott" Z7 G. j/ {, f# G% T1 k
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& q( Q) y. d3 Q& y" v- k 83. Lockout8 B* o* T: O3 c6 N" [; |. H4 a, p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* l1 p4 g# {8 C. K! {/ g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 S5 t4 ?3 Z- ?+ P: C
0 {( k# V+ _; n5 z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 B+ r9 J4 d) P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 H% P. R% I+ T; W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ }0 x1 R8 g% N. q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& j7 q. K- U+ v6 T" b
89. Severance of funds and credit: v& J7 q5 g9 V; W
90. Revenue refusal
2 o9 c. o7 |* K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( w4 T: L T* Y a
! p/ E9 I$ A5 q# x% L: XAction by Governments
" P! k: S: d$ y6 f |, d6 } 92. Domestic embargo
% g6 U# v% e) f, a5 u2 W8 Q- T. R 93. Blacklisting of traders9 s9 Q+ q7 v) _+ C+ u4 q- a) y3 ]7 D
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 N6 ?4 t4 R% K0 p 95. International buyers’ embargo
3 y& E" b+ _4 i5 v9 T0 ? 96. International trade embargo* E, {8 b" _4 ]/ V% E
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: _( j- M, l/ D( e) Q' z9 Z
3 C# _- B) J! ?% d4 \7 v
% w% c; C1 h, I- K2 i* `: t
Symbolic Strikes! L+ l! ~7 t0 W4 u2 b' G" ^
97. Protest strike, ?, e: \2 b$ `! G6 s" R4 @4 c6 c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* o" f2 X: I/ _, z* ~7 M
8 z: z5 j d# R! ^6 T% h6 gAgricultural Strikes" [, l- \* O: Y5 C
99. Peasant strike
9 W( n! ^4 z# M( q6 Q0 z4 S 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 f! [/ f+ {& _6 ~" P
. Y- A; I! c1 u. Z8 M7 m' NStrikes by Special Groups
, i& w( \. x* ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 T3 Z4 [* F( @5 h0 L. b
102. Prisoners’ strike( A% o) C. }) V8 P& E% L4 h, x+ ?/ h
103. Craft strike
) t% \5 G0 |5 f) ]# E) a 104. Professional strike- s& H& ]$ E* R# B1 i3 ^ [0 M
3 d, ^% b. B( y8 yOrdinary Industrial Strikes
]: l. T8 E E2 V& J1 J* Y 105. Establishment strike
9 l. g: j! g% E) C$ h. c 106. Industry strike) o9 \/ T2 v6 Z1 t" v2 ]5 _" c# Y
107. Sympathetic strike
% k6 Q( r: {5 t
+ U" ^; ?" Z0 l* W3 C% r' S7 rRestricted Strikes) R/ j6 W: r. y! {4 y+ E, g
108. Detailed strike, R5 I* x( J$ h
109. Bumper strike- S* o1 i1 n% \/ S+ _! S
110. Slowdown strike" I! W, T( |/ H1 w
111. Working-to-rule strike& S- H% X) |% o1 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 B6 j" m: \* O# K" h# @; p( b
113. Strike by resignation6 @4 ~6 ~! `9 ]6 D7 `! |0 x
114. Limited strike; k/ i+ s* c, ]) r# w
115. Selective strike
1 U) s8 o% a3 M: }% T- w* ^; f" x/ g
Multi-Industry Strikes( m4 M4 [2 i0 R
) G0 S1 n& s; H9 H* L
116. Generalized strike6 Z/ q( q, L& M' F3 c
% b8 L+ G) F; m
117. General strike
2 E4 T4 Z# t1 f! M" W1 ~6 ?. v5 P% _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. B9 g' u Q: I) j" m S
; e% M" r2 x) ? T* E7 d, K- G/ t
118. Hartal
# t) g8 L9 C X8 X6 ^" @0 c- X) Y8 P1 Y5 B0 N" J- \- Q8 i
119. Economic shutdown
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$ L0 P. k2 G0 ?8 I" a; _THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
' l% X" w3 K( U" \" P2 u& w/ K1 L* O/ O
8 [! ~( L ^, J
Rejection of Authority6 I" B5 `' H* T( C3 z- K
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' [4 ]; v: k5 v2 x 121. Refusal of public support6 Z$ P: F6 M* F" W/ {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 n, t |3 G r
/ U2 }6 |9 A) tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 u+ k n7 z; M1 a. v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! X9 @/ c: [$ t% ~$ H
124. Boycott of elections
; p- o: f* v5 f+ m- \( X0 L4 [ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* v3 r3 S0 b/ f4 f0 _5 ^: p! Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 E# H1 z( H8 B5 U
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& Q8 c& `4 ]( A0 L7 J" e5 c
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 J' S! g2 i: H" \- X, L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 j/ k: {7 Z5 S/ O2 p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) l. L$ O4 H- l- K9 S6 u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. {0 h6 G# _* Z8 G3 ~# y. S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 L* }) F6 C- ?2 e, b* q" v
. s9 [# v$ S7 l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% q( h. v( z9 _5 c7 V% g, { 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ ` c$ d) ^& @0 l/ z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 w. B7 G) D1 w" I. U 135. Popular nonobedience0 `( p: D2 y; T$ E/ C) L
136. Disguised disobedience8 x5 k$ z+ \6 o) N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 l3 p% R* a0 a) H
138. Sitdown
# y2 a, [( x. F+ h# T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 o2 {' J7 k- t$ y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 u3 F+ }8 J! x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 _, q. V2 ?4 ?; Z# s8 Q+ |
6 y/ y" | q6 ^$ ]" nAction by Government Personnel8 E# t$ R+ |& U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. d* k R8 L! o* f+ } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# a7 K1 v! Z& X% c8 m 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 v& h; I" C d2 k7 j& _ 145. General administrative noncooperation& M9 H- [) i5 G. ]4 p
7 V( z% }; @0 g, N: J
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 s8 w8 j! ~& J& |) T! c8 C$ m3 {1 s 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ A& Z* U) Y& s' {7 Q6 L3 O N 148. Mutiny
* c2 i8 v0 O5 G; `Domestic Governmental Action
5 }4 p) n1 g: P$ y& k 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; s Y9 E8 ^* ]$ |4 H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 A0 i# u; g, w2 c
" d! K( ], O2 q5 n" K# e; O& lInternational Governmental Action# K. u2 l7 _( L3 [; G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 ^2 H0 e: }, W5 @ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) q/ l' n. _8 i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' o8 B6 f% D, X% [$ C 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& y6 q" ^, {: G6 R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' F2 O, Y3 K5 T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 h l8 G: F; Z9 j, W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 t6 |4 E' K1 P$ ~% y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" h. G; X! r, k `8 g! s% |* R& X . H _, e' V9 @6 J
Psychological Intervention: d# S" p8 V/ @. s* I4 t# f H
158. Self-exposure to the elements! Q. ?3 [) f* v- ^
159. The fast
. _ ^! x$ q L) u! Y2 g8 B a) Fast of moral pressure, {) {6 V+ e3 x; ^
b) Hunger strike0 H; E, }4 w/ x: Q9 t( ?6 a
c) Satyagrahic fast
# s; b9 {$ [3 Y9 p9 a( ]/ i& U% a 160. Reverse trial
9 ~! v- _+ p# y4 `6 U 161. Nonviolent harassment# P9 B; O# E* D% o) ]
" w6 \0 q0 [! t/ p% [( [# b
Physical Intervention8 E2 h" P' V v* y p7 C! w! z2 U
162. Sit-in2 B7 r% w8 M* j) M1 K. e! d6 Y- w
163. Stand-in& }0 n8 D: F$ D% H% ?1 Q
164. Ride-in
2 ]3 I1 I7 \, I 165. Wade-in
& k3 c# u2 \8 U 166. Mill-in
1 N# ]/ j9 I7 z3 n0 U 167. Pray-in. q3 P. a+ M7 V% u7 U
168. Nonviolent raids
3 k' I1 C0 r; q; _) V2 r3 D& Z3 k0 U 169. Nonviolent air raids4 n, [- Z$ z# b X
170. Nonviolent invasion/ a7 S3 i' z7 M; N A; W. ^% x
171. Nonviolent interjection
& Q4 E6 @; J) J: y* k3 F; |/ }6 q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ x( t5 t) C3 j 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 T W% z6 z: g& J
) s) ]; `% f3 D7 J) |& RSocial Intervention7 Z* z1 u2 P$ k& a* [ h
174. Establishing new social patterns, f, T2 P: g, @- _
175. Overloading of facilities8 m. v) O5 _: k( \: r* H( ^& N
176. Stall-in
# I" |; t. Z# V4 J; n% d 177. Speak-in
! o3 q- T6 E: @- d, _' u. O 178. Guerrilla theater
6 {- F3 R2 _; K/ U& G5 U$ o 179. Alternative social institutions
( x& u1 ^- l1 k, @ 180. Alternative communication system" J7 O* v, r3 H }( c
* P0 @$ g+ e* t5 p& {8 T7 r, w
Economic Intervention
0 Q3 O9 A( e ]7 U# {4 O, g4 b 181. Reverse strike
+ F7 q9 G) M* c( j( z- g7 w+ | 182. Stay-in strike
5 b9 x; \# X! w4 b 183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 ]- g2 K! A3 j- }( m1 j3 G# `6 n 184. Defiance of blockades2 v4 }7 G6 K, G+ E/ A
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% x3 d! B+ U) _1 x 186. Preclusive purchasing4 _5 j# ]" ]- E( H5 C. ]9 }
187. Seizure of assets' @/ Q, c, @9 G$ ]7 O
188. Dumping
+ N+ _6 ]6 U) U6 ~# r 189. Selective patronage
0 R d* k& e" s" s0 d0 @6 g 190. Alternative markets z+ E+ {& N% |4 m+ o6 Y( k. p
191. Alternative transportation systems
' j/ f/ \! v/ B; r 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 ?8 `( d$ i, ^ W
: ]# E3 R B' ~- V+ qPolitical Intervention( o4 N3 J/ }3 y5 r( g& B! I3 C: X8 w
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" ^: O7 ]6 w- p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 ^8 G* i9 g* J& \, k1 s: i 195. Seeking imprisonment
# _1 N! W4 n; s8 X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 ]' s3 K2 I* K0 @1 W 197. Work-on without collaboration
( r$ r3 b" p ~' D* R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, M1 i5 ~! A2 L# M e
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
