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: S# r% K2 i6 Q4 z; t* Xhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China+ P0 u1 q* a' P% r
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
7 |: m2 P; r: y7 D4 m/ F: z! n$ N# wFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.9 V# \9 k9 o/ ^) N( @1 g
. [$ f9 F9 u sLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
" _7 O* E% T1 I( c* r. mFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.5 Q9 q: T3 N/ j! g
8 }% p* n2 W9 l) T6 E8 ]
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .- P! ?0 R, K9 V9 `8 S+ j' r
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
) e& M6 Z, l' q$ f& @) XPublished online 26 January 2018
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+ K6 M1 u9 t& |7 ?1 GAbstract
" W+ _! p) j7 d. Z" HJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
/ H! \0 k/ j5 z0 a* d) WDynasty who came to China and was employed by The0 H0 w1 o% N* K2 L. |
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
9 B- k3 a; ~* ]9 q% Tengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not& l2 t- I7 S7 E# s/ C; R
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific0 a' k2 Q7 _- J& e3 ~+ c6 L! e$ Q
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly/ }; E$ n# v4 p$ f" n. M
to the standardization of the scientific terminology( T/ h* y4 o [" e1 D+ Z4 ^$ I
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
& b Q- @. ^/ ?( D+ Dscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
7 b ? F$ P8 p/ V5 H; B band then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
3 j; h9 U( J9 O8 m8 w0 jstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
/ p/ M! X e# T$ B9 oin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien. F7 M8 L' E& V2 Q( J$ X
he established had helped greatly with the popularization3 ?5 }# Y+ J, ^2 C6 E
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring! Q2 S0 O' A A2 X
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
$ K3 \6 Q+ L. c- u6 f7 L/ Afor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
5 `( A( m! L+ v6 F0 i3 S2 qthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
a, S- R( w+ Z6 L8 i' r" [; B ^great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific# T5 w$ D3 k X2 D+ e) `
terminology.- J$ _8 O, V) b9 ~# b, V
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
3 k! A5 G- L, [9 ~9 qStandardization of terminology translation
* [3 a% o+ B6 S# y+ x9 J9 y' VYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
$ V; R& H# y7 `! u% R# u, nStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern# C5 [# j# ^- b
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available! r g+ }& r9 G* G& b5 A% Y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
: E: Y# ]3 K4 H6 Z. XDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213- l8 U" v- p2 p; V% H Z5 A
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; Z) x& }- u% x8 c/ R. c3 [INTRODUCTION
) x: H1 T) ?5 A! Z. z# mJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
* n. r% K4 g7 la great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).0 { ?% g7 L {/ _7 k% y- L6 e
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to. ]) H! y3 C. N. Y0 q( a- n! F
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
, n' a' r. O$ k% R( r6 NSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
* z3 U- e3 ?7 l) Z! |: E" G' f7 zby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
% y% ?0 u7 Y" Z5 s- Kan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
\ S' j5 c+ J7 r8 ~7 h9 Whis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-& |3 L# Z! p. X) G4 D3 t1 B! K
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
! E1 T. E" t" \9 O( @# y4 Hworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,9 n$ e/ Q9 f2 n4 H; w$ \3 ^( S: e
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
9 J5 H5 O$ k+ ~$ n4 B, c5 o0 KNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated1 F, R9 x7 T* q, T7 X! O
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant/ |( w `6 X2 ^6 j
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
5 y4 J: ~/ v4 n+ j* L1 w! zrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
8 I \+ l. A. B* tFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
' W9 V- U; `* Y" bbooks that made him the most productive one among the1 ?, b4 l4 n( p& y
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,9 M( e1 _" L9 ]" y
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
5 w c9 q( K+ n4 t$ r9 A7 K. V3 Onoble work which could help accelerate the process of& L4 S# I- @2 ?: e5 h) I" |/ S. t% O
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).2 M. U- ]' s% I8 W+ a
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer4 k, @1 r; B1 m2 @/ y- `3 o4 T
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
- D7 f: s) J( A2 T$ oscience and the standardization of translated scientific5 i V% C( x9 Z7 ~& }* S
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific- h k; V7 [# c! C) H! Z: T
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
9 z1 Y0 K$ n% Y1 u1 p( y" ?, `2 ~establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another, |2 l8 w' j* L- {, H u
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
7 Q$ [4 j, l3 B5 eof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in r$ n( H0 O2 h/ N
Modern China.. L4 I. i9 I' e! h% U3 s# _8 T/ W$ G
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
/ U' A0 E% H/ Q8 I: U* o' u; `) GThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of) J/ V' h: R/ D( _3 F! O+ s
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
% a' \- u7 z" ^$ ?* l; ga lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
& C7 T4 a" G+ v3 M r% [6 e4 w# N! nJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and# {+ z9 ^& L: ^4 o
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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