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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 ! g& F( J( G: \: l' W& H
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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China; w6 R( a! P1 p3 A" J" b* l
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
% I q, l. Z5 ^6 k/ FFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
+ `" k' E( Y; q9 L1 h% }Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
; W; f8 n" j0 X- j" |- k4 M$ y4 hReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018% d! F7 N2 q% s! w; ^( f
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract. g f- Y, S6 ]: h/ f
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
6 A) E# r1 o' R6 fDynasty who came to China and was employed by The- ]" X- r: F, M$ W4 U1 m
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been& Y% j0 H3 c+ ~ X5 h4 f( W
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not1 o" K0 ?+ G# ]. a
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
, J* W5 u; ]. y U6 z$ hworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
, O+ |) ]! k! Q* `to the standardization of the scientific terminology- c( E8 j6 Y3 M: ]; M
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
/ [( l0 l E/ [/ K) nscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
8 e" K- c; |: i% g) G1 oand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the6 A0 @. ]9 J# g& T* e0 k
standardization of the scientific terminology translation6 c3 p8 y" J! \' n" _
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien: J: P7 @& P3 ~& S2 Y# b `8 `! ~# e6 u
he established had helped greatly with the popularization8 G6 y' g! | I. A
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
' o$ S3 }+ `# Q1 G& Uthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way: S& p/ B( j+ D3 M" \' U6 b
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and; E7 Z, A' H2 y4 D: M/ ]+ u5 q
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a. f6 h1 X, U4 A3 k; Q W' k+ `
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific% ?& C. y1 \: F3 Y+ c: _* {; ~
terminology.# r) L7 f% E E
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
$ v5 c% A1 m CStandardization of terminology translation
7 B: q$ ?" `+ g- AYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
" w( h2 ]$ j& k: e) y: ?' WStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern ?3 A' J' f: G# G) F
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
2 c# w& X3 v+ |( o0 _from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102131 a s. N& u! N8 k3 V! r
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213& u# q, F* n7 F
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/ J1 z5 K2 Q* r$ ^6 `INTRODUCTION
5 K' A- r$ b* s" k0 r, l3 Q! H2 sJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
! S6 r2 I% p3 O9 Za great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).$ b2 W6 U' ~+ i6 F4 P2 H
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to' w* ~& L% b4 W7 ^3 Q' J. p0 U- G! v
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
4 n3 ^2 e7 ~- i. `- G; M2 ~2 m+ hSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
! X m) q5 ^1 e- E5 xby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
1 V9 W) H( `; p7 Z" ?4 r2 [$ O5 Qan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on+ \5 v3 X2 _( R$ w" J( o
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-3 O u+ d7 f7 O6 o
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific( T, V) h" I3 ?3 I, ?, T
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,! p @# k5 \; W- ?/ }* A! H
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
* _: e. ]1 n. g0 \9 tNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated$ u- M$ i% i& R7 o
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant3 u& ?! E. C o( A
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
1 V$ Z/ A+ @9 Irevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
& D3 c, [/ e3 T0 C* K0 Z: vFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
# B. |1 k+ U" [6 r; j" Hbooks that made him the most productive one among the
+ y6 c. s9 e. n2 U0 mforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,) r, M* n1 b- p
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a8 g* k( V& k) W7 P
noble work which could help accelerate the process of# x- R$ F. n' p& |6 v; W
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).2 @* m, u1 S& y5 x* k
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer# @& L( h9 v) o* }
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
4 f! m) }7 p K# E; i9 oscience and the standardization of translated scientific- D# u/ ]$ |( L% S, B2 g' ?) M
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
) o# f% T2 M) j* X% A2 k/ ]* [magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the; T4 Y1 G0 X. l% Z
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
% a3 L% I! z/ [- \2 r5 w, @3 I* D0 bcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series. \' ]8 t: E% E; ]# [# f1 f
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
8 H. R$ @1 D; i8 |$ N4 b% ]Modern China.
3 d% y {* ~" C' k) IAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published1 `6 P# s- S$ k2 \- J
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of+ t* u. @' u4 x2 ^3 ^8 f
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing! W$ @3 N6 s/ {- @# y
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
# l1 [+ V3 p. N2 jJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and" Y% J# z9 j0 a9 T2 S/ \1 t
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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