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9 l2 d2 u& ?6 Z w: M$ h9 B0 fhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688+ L4 u* i# j, q) R1 Y9 @4 p+ I! a
5 P! A, I7 H# W, V! o( w1 PJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
8 y w7 o' u- j' eYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of2 B6 c6 R5 V& Z! w2 x& I+ ?2 ^
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
( `6 a/ B' O Z- }' m, y2 `3 ^/ @) r% ]$ m) r/ n5 \# j
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
2 x/ H/ D+ J0 \8 N0 a- UFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.6 V: ?* t' j3 N. f% \
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .0 U1 R3 x7 i, F; g1 C3 \
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018 |; r7 E8 e, F. Y0 R: w( n
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract Z9 N7 X% x2 m$ B3 e
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing5 C7 H6 t$ S+ q1 |* a2 O/ Y
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
$ o2 T% N, @5 B6 ^ _0 wTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been) t: V, K/ s. h9 O* J- X
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
: R/ r5 u4 ^5 B1 ^only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
! F& E: ?2 \* Z2 r! L" {0 ]/ `+ }works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly$ P' F8 u) p3 }6 L) [8 g
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
: Z3 Z) o6 `5 R5 }+ X1 C. H1 Qtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s1 K L: Y4 t' X# ]$ I
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,1 Y4 R; `9 b& G. m' T8 M
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
5 j0 P" F |4 ?standardization of the scientific terminology translation
& o& w" W* M5 n6 ^6 V1 cin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien Y/ J( I8 v5 n7 C
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
( h' Y) G. j5 x* Rof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
; d7 d5 w8 o% H4 }. {; \& Gthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
: h/ @8 K, H6 D* I. ]" @for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
2 W4 S: A8 i; }that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
+ v' C0 [' F! j ^6 F* K: Rgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
5 H9 I0 q. D# D3 l- \1 gterminology., J4 C I( m$ z/ U. J; F$ R8 G/ i2 R2 s
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
k. p G& n1 }: m7 O8 sStandardization of terminology translation
5 u2 G f4 r- O6 m3 l1 k" o7 |8 KYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
2 @* p. \$ q! ~7 F9 oStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
t& W8 {0 }- I0 QChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available* Q& j* x. [3 T- q2 p
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213+ `4 c, C- }" o
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
. I4 l) V1 A" j1 }John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and+ b. S' H6 p0 W P* [9 T) }2 m# a" C m
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).' `, J7 Z( h, Q6 ]) R/ @, y
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to5 x C& u! `, i5 Q6 j& ^0 p3 Q
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of. ]$ _1 @) O9 d' J
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed3 B1 C' K; ~5 S" A! n
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
5 Z6 Y1 N0 Q( l* e2 p8 U' i4 pan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on9 c9 ^+ t3 P2 n$ {9 C
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-# X. W/ A) R) v- V4 p+ R
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific: T1 ^. j9 Q6 g" u. K
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner," u8 ~* Z$ Z: Y5 S! |, c6 {
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.5 d& B7 ^( L' q& [& U
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
w5 X* j$ x6 _) Z8 t1 g( |to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
& v# Y3 Y3 |* s: }; X8 Gwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,7 N' t- `* |4 Q5 O
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
% l" |) T' r& x; k$ \Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
3 `& _3 E: F+ E) Fbooks that made him the most productive one among the
, W8 j2 B' I: D8 W& U0 sforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
* w' q+ [( D, N: c# e5 ztranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a- S2 l9 I5 _! G# B. P
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
4 L- V( v. e7 q1 X, jpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
3 f- O! y! K6 n4 tIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
]/ |( ]# b1 H H% Salso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western- N0 p# F c" S- { J; c
science and the standardization of translated scientific1 x6 C) c0 E) P9 q7 R
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
4 X# ?4 v f: o& _5 K) [4 tmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
1 z# \* M1 R9 V/ W3 p5 x7 A) Kestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another5 y4 r/ ^) r; |9 g. }( T ?. [0 F
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
& M" a- I2 }; Oof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in8 m8 a0 A/ o& X3 c' }
Modern China., G, ?$ T# [9 m% c" o
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published( k6 k2 Q6 f4 z
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of @2 m- b* j( y' j: h9 o2 R+ H9 s
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing- k9 ~7 ^/ ?, i2 T! S( p7 {
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
" [2 D1 i+ g2 p0 T4 `John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
; L* l, a x# U" \9 g2 v" I, eTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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