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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688. ]0 L; d7 r7 u B2 o
+ c: L G/ C3 SJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
: A& j$ d$ j" ]' gYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
6 H; h5 M3 U# ~Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.# l- G1 ?0 x2 i
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of. {, A0 {- s7 _3 j3 r0 l; z7 J% q
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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/ R) r" e& i3 m5 ASupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
, Y" K( G1 d7 P+ YReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
& D1 h, ], Y) V$ f4 E# |Published online 26 January 2018$ V- a+ D% s- ~. S- C& M1 a
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Abstract& @& p Y! h$ t; B. S
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
5 z$ O" }: E2 J5 G) A- XDynasty who came to China and was employed by The$ j6 Q* T+ z" e
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
; n2 Q4 W: U6 o) o: f* Rengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
+ L6 W4 l3 f; tonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific |5 |. R% ?0 e6 p& [0 B
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly$ O# t5 R* i7 e, v% p! Q" |
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
# L4 K: p4 {( v+ e; b: Ttranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s* B2 Q) y$ k+ I; F: C1 f! u
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,. G' l1 L8 {9 S, a+ C, G( m
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, H- n. R6 Y6 f- S$ {
standardization of the scientific terminology translation+ U g0 z0 v& R i9 o
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien5 i/ Y. A7 w! n2 Z+ c+ |# u
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
- a! L) F/ X# n" ?5 |0 gof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
* d7 T( u, S( [. j% Q$ Othe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way, t( i6 B* \6 W: Z+ R' f, _( l" z
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
$ U4 m" F! n4 U1 ?: |that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
' Z' I2 A: T7 B, tgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific) Q+ I6 j, x& P" i, Q" \6 ~1 a
terminology.# X# W, l- e) Y
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
3 S0 n7 r( H# h5 {+ m) Q. LStandardization of terminology translation
" d% I+ M+ n+ K: pYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
# e. ^1 H2 n, h# \/ J' L# W3 eStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern# R+ S/ m5 T* E# ], n" |3 w2 j6 y
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available3 |# O& s% k; E# c% y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
7 B, W6 U; B5 W3 P' X& _5 [/ I7 bDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213& r5 F7 {( |0 V5 Q( v
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* N8 i+ Q" X0 @4 j2 GINTRODUCTION0 b' z0 V; h- b& n8 J
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
7 R# v0 `" l3 \" Ja great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
( Y0 H" j& \ m9 L$ Q8 @% bDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to2 i2 A- X: G0 D' `6 C
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of8 P1 p: D g; O8 ?0 o( f p0 d# {1 _4 Y
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
* |3 o. _; V4 o" F( Aby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
' W1 Z+ u: z7 n+ e9 Ban editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on( I9 \7 t+ V( a7 n, y
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
6 S, G. g3 z2 M" W& U$ r1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific' A( G* @! e: Y" D
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
9 j$ c; H8 I9 O1 ?: A8 h! L( gFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
, [% s0 ]" ?( g5 c) INamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
: k- z+ Q3 k! ?/ i. @) E! I% S gto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
6 q8 P D, u# n) K* X& o+ rwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
* o6 }; f4 S: [5 t3 jrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,3 ]) r3 m1 B- J9 F. X2 x) o
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western9 m5 f5 u4 q! R
books that made him the most productive one among the
% e+ F. |: \+ E. \' l% zforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,8 n5 b. J1 J! D% C
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a- v4 K4 ~' o) u; |2 L/ z U
noble work which could help accelerate the process of( \1 Z+ B# V! D0 ]
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
& T/ i# { o/ _2 CIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer+ _* ]. w! A! T: a8 Z( J: Y
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western9 t" x# z/ O( d+ t6 o
science and the standardization of translated scientific
5 x8 @& d/ y: E. S$ uterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
; Z8 w" O7 S: }5 {magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
+ `3 ~: V5 s- S0 B7 cestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another) v) y- t$ n6 ^* F4 q
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
. {% s$ D8 g' L. q/ E( }, s+ m2 \7 }of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
h& w+ _" S! }$ U- q+ cModern China." h; w0 X( r2 ^$ A# z% L
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
% f1 w* T0 r2 k& d# AThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of+ p4 ]' c9 t. z0 H! r) }
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing/ a1 Q/ `% ? S1 \
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In8 ?2 [: c ~" q3 u
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and5 t/ L% t4 h1 i9 S) U% b
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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