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How to figure a home's fundamental value
! k! y$ L0 x4 zLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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) H; G+ I- O1 } k5 j/ D4 c) j7 X9 `Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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, N3 t4 ` O* X- fTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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" q+ |+ I$ i( k- PIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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$ E" R; ]" }4 O* ~8 f) ZSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.5 j' x$ e" t# {+ i' H' r( E
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.3 a3 c( v- }( U" O
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.' p) b: X! b& E: s/ U
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. " e& i) ?+ B+ z1 s2 M: ^
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.) N" T6 }, p7 l, L
# G* u4 O; m) J# U3 t9 u3 hIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ?( A1 ~0 @+ J" S+ Z7 Q
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 $ ~/ Y2 }6 Y+ O/ D& ^5 i' f& C
Boston 20.5 30.2
- s5 _7 k/ F3 j5 ]% X5 ?4 ]San Diego 22.8 29.7
% _2 e/ b" }/ h/ K9 }San Francisco 23.8 27.2
1 E: d- n9 h& X- }Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 * J3 z) k( o/ P' u6 a; F& o
Seattle 20.4 25
! [( ^( _ o* i8 j. b* U# GDenver 17.7 23.7 5 p0 g8 @/ H, c9 F3 F: P
New York 21.2 22.5
2 l% e( b( b2 B3 T0 \Chicago 17.2 20.8
. l+ M _8 p' L0 n, j0 jWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 $ V& G% J/ x1 s' m: B+ M( d
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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