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How to figure a home's fundamental value
7 E- s e3 X$ x* r3 R- E) P$ rLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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! }$ w8 z. l1 t, V. Z+ rNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.* ^1 f% T1 A' ^6 ^- {$ [ m
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:- M- ^) `( ]. t5 V- R: G# e
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.9 x, D( T# ]) G
9 V6 K* ]' O+ c( Z8 mSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
- j+ m$ W. r. BSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.6 w9 J9 ?$ @8 F; |4 B8 y
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.2 m2 z7 q& i/ S5 m( H- V# U, \
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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$ F& H1 v D2 A5 `7 J* x, ]3 b" pIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.. m) \8 E" s* Z- |+ B3 ^- B
c# M: R$ l1 U- @. tIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.4 p/ B+ Z5 c% x" o7 O ~ H
6 V. B( o; h3 K5 O Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 2 e3 G3 Y4 ~- s# f9 V- N" D! R% `& s
San Diego 22.8 29.7 / E# Y+ j1 h- ]; F( c3 J
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 . w; q2 J- H" ?( F( _
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
) ]* y1 e" h; Z/ ~Seattle 20.4 25
4 W, @+ W/ o9 ^( m& P8 k0 H% HDenver 17.7 23.7
0 S9 Y. Q( @! @8 Q- UNew York 21.2 22.5 , P- z" z, ]" D9 n" @7 I& z& U
Chicago 17.2 20.8
% `. o V7 Q/ x9 K! mWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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% u! ^8 @* g7 k( `; l. ~4 t2 ?9 kFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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