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How to figure a home's fundamental value
( i1 Z; R1 Q$ W, d7 d& J2 WLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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) l0 V- v7 W% ^. u9 {8 CNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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7 t2 p$ M3 m' i7 YLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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9 y7 u0 I. }' X5 R1 n3 L' u: x7 h [In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.3 s$ v4 X* ?( n
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
' e* w, ~, Q+ {0 j9 GSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.. B* g. ^ Q4 @9 u
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.( F# i4 d7 |9 | Y9 e) t2 j
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 0 q6 O. \ _ p: q
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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. ?7 N: n: X, q, ]If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.2 \: ^" D4 x& c/ F/ X
/ M0 t; x! v3 N( U Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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- R! |4 _9 U* h: \# x! IBoston 20.5 30.2 ' W& H/ y) o% B: c
San Diego 22.8 29.7
/ n8 B; `2 o/ m( A- o9 A9 VSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 4 }/ U. W. @/ S' I- Z# v
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 F' g9 \( v. m& s
Seattle 20.4 25
0 f+ x: N& ^4 c, f5 xDenver 17.7 23.7
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. ]) Y( ?- M* a- a3 FChicago 17.2 20.8 1 U" n! O y0 x( L# F: _
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 , M( F- T+ P- }" X
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6 V; ]1 f% F! {( {3 w+ YIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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# f) n$ l: G- b/ X7 I0 o& `% m: v$ SFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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