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谈英语俚语
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# v" ]. k. c- C& d, x1 n在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
; f" w! F( [0 a' `之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。% @: l. f D( P- ?
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:8 C- a7 {4 o x' g$ `6 U
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
$ n1 l, J% d. Q, U0 k(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。). v- z& [4 c( W$ B# H& g" D' ?/ b) ]
例如:
6 Q& Z: g6 U" J# [& Z9 xAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.+ _7 p7 U% e: q
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
7 B) Y: M. O5 OMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.' G; L& L" G1 m/ v; H/ {. B6 Q
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)0 ]4 P! u" ~, P( P
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
# J; y( b3 T! Z5 Q. mThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
7 g6 v9 [$ _( m5 v" p3 M" T(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)6 {. ]5 j. l% \4 z
(2) fair-haired boy:
6 `% T4 b+ k4 U: k& [* D指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)9 ~+ Q( j! G/ H
(通常用单数,当名词用)
( P+ F5 f6 a- o9 x! y例如:
/ k" f& ]- J9 R1 ]; k/ B5 B' d4 T VMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.) d+ Z! `( o6 J8 ^2 Q8 ?3 X( x
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)7 H* {- e1 O$ H f" q" Z4 e7 w
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.& ]5 C! U i6 a6 e; t# Z$ t- U
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
( O- x, t2 a3 a4 O1 B5 [有时也可用复数:
- W* }/ f/ n6 ]" EMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.# G4 L4 W3 t. _+ Z. m3 Z
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
; B2 p! h4 O6 t, l: O& KFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
5 E. r1 _2 P" g+ Z0 |. \0 j) Z2 f(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)0 J' g! I# _; X t
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)6 C# K. k4 `% N3 G1 e) \
(3) fishing expedition:
3 O2 e+ e( e7 w) W9 v为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
+ o1 a" W! @7 V: U/ C& }" Q(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)9 r4 K w( T' L! k" F
例如: i8 ]3 a# o; l) _$ r
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.& a! z5 O% W) C! A5 u
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
4 p( e6 F: y* @- h2 s( HThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.+ b7 m4 i1 B2 W' {/ u$ |. V
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
$ p3 }0 \4 p5 h# x+ M(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
; X# l S" i6 O- pThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
4 r# j$ i7 | [! _- W; F" ~2 g(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。), T5 g8 A7 i3 c8 [# _7 K" d
偶尔也有人用复数:
5 h$ D- X* j- I$ z# KSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.7 p8 x' M# ?0 Q" c( _
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
: ~* o+ D! ]1 @4 C) Z(4) filthy rich:- ?1 U$ J3 q% D9 E
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy): R% F1 f% M/ n# ]+ e3 U
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
$ h# a ^ H0 s1 }多半当形容词用。例如:0 N" J7 Y! ~4 g6 {% F
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
6 k' u' z9 \. q- U" j1 I! N1 e( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
; A9 U; |# O- [/ ?Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
6 G3 b. N0 ]# t& _(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)& I, g: k( P; o5 _
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
9 F8 k+ P* y' i) |( W(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
0 b) V1 _" N2 n5 p9 c: B+ cFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.$ P! J' I; o" u3 X( K3 C7 U
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)( r" }0 `" k `
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
. @. W# ^# ]8 H(5) fairy godmother:& {6 ^# E$ k& v/ F, W3 c5 Q
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)/ N1 p: z. b5 V8 u) S
(多半指有钱的女人)# B, V( u; {- s1 w! B
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:7 @# u6 m# z7 j! Z( T$ ]% g
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
2 w4 X3 o5 x7 j(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)7 Y7 S5 h, m! n
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
) W5 I2 J: k8 i1 q, s& Z(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。), n1 k& E) A7 F1 o
有时也用复数:
& Z' _7 U" |2 G+ j/ h" E3 O, X6 FOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.
* q1 [: r3 s1 l; S/ n% Q: L* F1 b(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)9 j4 X8 ~( r- f: t7 E
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
" D3 m6 ?4 s3 O(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)/ f5 j5 j% G5 t; U' u4 H
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6)eye opener:
5 @" O* v6 i. K) ~指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)9 M) n. Z: [6 `7 C0 }/ R
(当名词用;通常只用单数)0 j2 {& }( Y8 D; S
例如:
% R& M; Z8 i# z) CYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.+ R/ o* @: G4 J$ }1 b" Z! x& }" X
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
6 }- j6 z0 [, {/ s% U+ L9 E( fMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
% }6 e* ~. d+ D/ C: c0 M(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)& [/ E6 T: w) {/ X9 f' d
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants./ b" `: o/ a6 ] t3 ^2 k! T
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
+ \2 b+ E0 x: i! y! gSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.1 U3 N" y) b5 b- o4 y
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)0 E Q+ @, M" o
(7) hot dog:
5 I) j( W% c- Q% e指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)6 z0 ]7 d4 C+ n% [
例如:* }* x( K* l4 s1 c
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.$ X6 }& J0 d1 o% u0 v" }
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
; G. S" N: V# k(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
- A4 P" y e$ {- W* N EIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
' }" O4 ?0 c- t% h% m$ A(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
" A( n6 i* |" C# F- F) b# \(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
5 c h' f- y1 h5 f* zDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.& s" I9 _* U9 ~5 E7 k- I, F5 F
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
5 I Q% {6 [1 q- u$ a* x& E也指真正的热狗食物:$ G& }# K6 }8 I4 `! q r3 B
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S., k% B2 Q- k6 L) K# ` Q$ l
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)8 y3 G5 @2 ^! J
也可表达欣赏的心情:
4 G/ \% \# ^ }4 Q5 @9 kHot dog ! What great news for me.
% g* S9 g/ e7 d(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)3 h# r5 ?' |: s8 w. c* L" Q5 {1 T
(8)eager beaver:
' ]4 P# _- |* K; I v指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)- r; ~" G7 d8 Y( z( C0 [2 U! k
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
$ y/ y: ~/ l/ a* N- n(当名词用,可指男女)) h! S( v; {; H0 M+ G- H
例如:/ T W- s: [) k3 k" A) l
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.6 y5 g% _9 X' f7 O& C B
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
; [1 [- _& B( S' {9 ^. t. CBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
- K' t" J; ?6 H: U- s6 d) s(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)8 E- o& h& ~! [8 d0 ~; v
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?- D4 {& W: k) u0 R B u( s/ N: b: h! Z
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
1 F& A( t8 j! ?' D/ B+ RYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
1 n) x) j5 `' t; C, Y# o( h- I( Y(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)9 K1 g( O8 U1 Z2 P( A1 F6 P
(9)doubting Thomas:
& U* J5 R2 D% \) E' O) \$ ?这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
# r/ J: c8 d) F {3 E& W& e3 x(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)' {3 d* @+ u6 ~9 H' M* y5 D( a
(当名词用)) k1 c1 @, t" w6 s
例如:
1 k# ]* L# m5 y2 s& BI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.- B+ ?! q3 @+ g! C! j& T9 a, x
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
+ ?, z, h% P. J# [There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
, Y5 h3 _# [, `(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
7 l! z; l, d7 v0 v$ e' m也可用复数:
7 N" h h# [# P2 F, b$ ~My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.: B9 y$ c% e7 J4 U: R: S' T
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
: v& y: m) |7 B0 ]1 s: TIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.7 o" F- P- G1 m8 }$ _+ E
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
# u5 h8 V) a5 t2 H- }# p5 j(10)dragon lady:" W2 r' x T" v$ ^( b. V
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
/ T1 N9 u6 {7 ^8 i. x例如:. ~+ D5 f+ Q( Y% \2 k; v
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.6 r1 u" T5 |# p5 d
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
5 e( \& D- A5 f7 }* Y6 dI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
' @ m' g0 C/ T" H" D# D' l4 V" r+ A(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。); ]# B8 h9 B# l% r& t, w6 @) D
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?, v8 u' Y# n9 N: \2 ]
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?); _5 S. b* a" f; x
也可用复数:
& ?2 D) z* w, {6 x5 W5 J1 e) M- WThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
1 G: c* Z& N! @& C% C- f(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
+ ]; v/ v2 ]% m5 E, @+ c) V注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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