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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯! }5 r0 E7 P5 C( E$ k. ^
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
9 j. ~5 V. d- ?/ }( ]2 E: K* Y若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!7 N7 E# n; f- d( P
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(1) empty suit:
: \! {7 w5 W6 a8 G3 T3 m( J! x指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。8 q* z/ X' e% K/ L! p9 f
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)! Z# D" `7 f7 U1 ^3 ]/ u
例如:
$ x3 r6 p. C, m7 k6 k- ~An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
$ o1 q. J* }8 y. t1 V(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)( u# [6 X) Q* F7 _
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.( X3 F6 j) m y3 c2 V
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
5 o5 v! C5 H: `* L* i7 B虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:2 `( ~% f. e/ G4 l, ^
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
- Q+ S3 g# s/ i(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)' J% o- r. {7 ]. x# K. ~9 @
(2) fair-haired boy:
. W$ `" E9 p8 S9 v指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)8 J: I2 p+ A( y: ?. W; v
(通常用单数,当名词用), j6 t# x9 b0 \5 A4 \7 |
例如:6 M- N4 p+ `2 J" Z
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
, ?/ W" \* ]: t( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)% G6 R, f7 V, P3 D6 |
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
0 C; h' C2 t- o0 X5 S(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。): `/ E5 i5 `' I4 L' @) \
有时也可用复数:( m! d7 k* a0 Y; @$ _
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.+ i7 K0 K- @8 G4 O/ M0 q
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
0 U$ A p$ x: \/ x3 V; }! `Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
7 k5 ~6 D e3 K(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
- M4 _# M$ i, G(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)1 i: M0 O( X; C
(3) fishing expedition:
) z! @7 f/ ~) m1 C为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)$ l8 D% I W: H" l9 M; _, B
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
. d0 I* r; H; g# G8 ?例如:" {( x; c5 N, ?
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
. g+ \* E* V& |8 q) G1 L(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)! h6 L' V. v& ~4 V
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.% T, m/ n: M& {/ N; Q
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)% V3 _! S7 b+ M+ _4 G6 X) ~
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)9 {) ]+ G5 G2 M0 f
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.: q. d n/ z+ [% b! [' w" l n
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)0 r+ y6 d- Z- f, x
偶尔也有人用复数:
- q8 p5 h2 Z" _: WSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.! \. C7 D+ V( j. Q' G" p; B6 E
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
6 T5 \: k* r' i V- @ K(4) filthy rich:3 b3 }: P5 c1 a( D) |" [: b j$ E
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)' X& J0 Z, O! l; W1 z B' ?4 h
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)# ]) e! W( k7 y( s* K
多半当形容词用。例如:
1 u; N( ~5 f" y8 VWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
" n+ U2 `1 D% n3 b- h$ C1 p6 K5 d( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
n2 B; p M, @# R; uDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.; L: U$ p/ X2 X
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)! }6 A' b, e+ W& J
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.6 a- d, G7 u! s2 h
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)( T0 H, _. u; F! @9 q
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters., R# M# X$ X, A* y% k: q
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)7 G9 l, _$ `3 c4 ~; Z. t. ]
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
. o; o/ U0 x* X' J. d(5) fairy godmother:: r# o" I- [7 l' p8 X( X% i1 h$ I. D
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
7 O) y9 X% ^. Y$ K9 l9 Q(多半指有钱的女人)5 K4 N$ X$ T; n4 t, q
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
+ A' \4 C) e5 `; F' KMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
1 z/ F3 n9 b0 J! U! N% ~(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)1 [# Y% r \# N/ c1 `0 j
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.5 y; m' \$ Q1 K
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)9 X; F& f& x. k( M) b8 Z
有时也用复数:; ~) Y5 Y% C7 |/ D% u N* v. ?
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
/ H# w x5 \9 f: n2 O- t(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
% Q) y: o7 L: T+ Y& q; Z6 tIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
4 r0 w- h: v3 a2 ]0 c) ]: {(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener: |! I. m8 W; {6 |1 w4 e" C+ v$ R
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)& }- C3 ^3 ?: N A+ _! C" o$ z
(当名词用;通常只用单数)7 z$ ^; O' `+ `& n" z* V6 k( }; e
例如: }! R w' }$ l9 t. J3 w- x. N
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters. H$ }8 s* B* `. ]" |5 c$ [' A
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)# x7 |: k% f: X6 I# U
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
& P |" i, R3 y5 x3 U0 U1 s$ k- v9 L(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
6 R4 _% c2 G) U) I) g0 Z1 L* TThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
$ ~' B7 E1 _$ s& h- W' s$ r4 s" l3 z(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
# j- n. l& [* U1 q' n8 g" k( pSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.1 s( V; N4 v& g: W: R! {; R! L9 B
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
3 y1 y4 x; k% T! _(7) hot dog:
% S& s, ?1 @8 W指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
3 H" }) g$ r2 E. l例如:4 N- d( V: v6 F" b7 }2 h# o: p
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
9 s& x& _9 F+ A" J9 n(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。). x& v- ?, R5 E2 L3 i4 Q
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
3 K1 \) U. ?" U" mIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
' m" _0 p* t4 L, ]* y9 N(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。), v3 z1 R$ ?( ?. s2 \8 E
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
# N1 ?1 j; R+ z0 N( \6 F/ W. w5 a: EDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
& [6 L9 t6 Q7 {5 c M& t% Z. A% L(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)$ G' j9 w1 p% x1 A" l, ~ G O
也指真正的热狗食物:
9 |* Y# ?+ A! @4 W+ O$ uThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
7 k' w* d! H3 E: c4 T(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)% B! ~' \! u1 A0 ]: n/ |& ~8 {. ]% C1 W
也可表达欣赏的心情:
n! `9 V1 r$ KHot dog ! What great news for me.; H& l& A. ?) ]1 M' m: y1 T
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。), q5 ~* g& O+ M6 v/ r5 F( l8 s; K
(8)eager beaver:4 Z; P5 T. t. m+ E" R, Q
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)2 O; }- w& E2 r: p( q
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。). h( ~& ^6 p! m" n( ?, u7 f, A2 Z
(当名词用,可指男女). Q5 q5 c$ Q' t- _% ^
例如:* a% S8 G# z$ b1 k [: X% y
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
' B0 C, P% w8 U1 y u7 k(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)- L' i/ ~: o1 h/ n
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
" b; ]7 B5 o- z5 v" P(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
! \. _ a' e* ]& n) v5 Q% kDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
% y" R* C9 ^* a+ t; h/ M( L(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
7 a6 Y0 g0 ^' y- @5 a2 jYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations., u D8 S1 l4 ^" ~# E
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
6 I8 Y+ |) L- J. |. i(9)doubting Thomas:
1 x5 U$ z# z7 M. e- \这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)5 V Z9 a# f' |% Y
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
. S5 b5 H" j% F' s( v6 r: e(当名词用)% G" g4 I9 q9 F8 ]
例如:6 d. }* x8 U1 B3 S& s
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise., m* c: H) T4 q! Z6 t
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
4 E5 Y1 H' g, H7 |+ aThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.' v4 ^9 y- S! p/ ~+ s5 N2 a P) s5 C
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
* ~. k! P6 F! a& o8 I# Y也可用复数:- K: A& @2 r* `- p: T/ ?
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.# k4 ~& A$ D! P) A* G/ w
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)9 a( Z. y7 `" s+ ]+ g- J' G
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.) ]6 O, x! s' w( |7 o+ p# r
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
0 W8 C1 p( M/ W$ L: c(10)dragon lady:
3 {& s, _ p! i7 n9 |5 y6 `指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)7 N& {8 N! g/ W5 n
例如:
0 I! g% @$ Q9 V0 |* OThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
& q$ w a' r' M! l- z9 r(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)( f2 C4 V# z( A0 t: I" J: l
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
1 i& u5 r5 Z' @8 L(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)6 z4 }: z# }4 S0 e/ |6 ^% e& T
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
8 f2 Y! Y5 S7 J9 i4 f" d(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)& B3 ` D* G; a# V+ O
也可用复数:
8 q8 ~' ]3 g7 }: WThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.( B$ I* U: c3 Q7 g" e' R1 u
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)/ Y4 ~+ e- C; z1 l
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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