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谈英语俚语
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; l- a- p9 j a+ ^* a$ s8 Y% N! F0 F在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯- g* y- M- U' M, g! g; L6 D
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。4 o9 |3 x# I1 e" s- W4 [4 A' r
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:5 ?' j7 k7 W$ k8 |; p% r
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
* u; ]8 u. B/ ?: @(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。), M6 K" t& J+ t& P3 V- q. t2 I
例如:
1 J+ {) g/ f0 k' b% G5 YAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.( ^$ [$ [; T, B
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。), f; P/ U& G6 s7 u; z! z: y$ d7 E
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
. U1 d; d2 y% E# z: ]( l% v(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。), d4 Z" Y1 y0 G
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
* U h7 _; i* ^; ]2 A# z) l8 M3 DThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.) q: G# J# g7 q6 [8 Y2 K/ _
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
: V/ C" d1 _3 @1 ?9 J# `, x, }(2) fair-haired boy:( v6 s8 ^7 t4 y# L% c1 @
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
6 i) z+ d; a- i(通常用单数,当名词用)8 n8 V8 k) k; R, W
例如:7 P3 W. x) K0 ]# d/ [ {) P
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.0 A7 w4 Y4 g5 k k) I6 v1 n5 E
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)7 N" H2 X; N& H! Z) w* W/ z, [$ S
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
/ ^4 }- }; \4 X) ~(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
* S% T9 V& `) y# C# \有时也可用复数:- M( r% K) Q4 m2 b1 P2 }
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.! P U2 X T: f* _1 J
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
9 P5 y! M1 S" r: I, L$ L* I& HFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.& v5 z: z9 x" l
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
# W2 w4 R# h4 X$ V9 F& q$ s+ F8 r% f(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)' y/ W/ M. `5 p4 _2 L% e
(3) fishing expedition:
& }- B' j% o( Q( u为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
* N& _' z* j- [, {$ c6 J6 L(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
$ k: [3 \* }# E) w例如:
. }) C) }7 A3 BThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him., ~1 E6 y Z7 z% ^9 L
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)2 w) b0 W! P \( I) ]
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.) L% v# F& Q# x7 h9 K
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。) e' w- B* z$ M/ m: H. G6 Y) l
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
- `1 k: U& \2 d! k5 VThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
4 t4 t. m/ F( C4 q9 b# m(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
8 m( e+ Q, y8 s/ n! y" g. \! g6 _8 d偶尔也有人用复数:
0 L) S2 X3 U" c9 ^/ ISeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
" k/ [& J6 T1 T! H8 e6 B/ J(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。), F* a$ a, M1 U! H
(4) filthy rich:
+ b4 I& [8 \" F3 r意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)) D' E* [5 S' f4 Y6 x8 L5 _
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
8 v b; @9 [0 K4 V, ]8 R' f' k多半当形容词用。例如:6 I' H% K+ \1 ~# k" P+ n0 k: v
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.; |, @5 W4 B" e% h0 w# p* b
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
& |0 M! x H4 k1 ^* _Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.' l0 ~1 y) \- C. {9 s
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)5 u3 l) A7 h0 F: Q# T
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.1 V) Z- E! p0 x% \; O8 P+ r' Q5 g
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)) K! x+ H- q8 f/ Q. ~) H5 H
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
0 M; T' A L3 i(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)( D3 \; p% z3 y! M1 P
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)6 h/ [! \ S& m9 ?+ }& u
(5) fairy godmother:
" Z+ z. y; g6 x1 h6 N指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)! q$ t2 B. Z2 {
(多半指有钱的女人)+ i: f: \, y" [; R$ V0 ^
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
) {# \! Z& c5 W1 x& \- WMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
) u6 ~$ S* _* ^. f) c6 ~* V2 L(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
8 _; q. d# A; LAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.2 H% a& {/ C* E4 H) `- N
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)% O+ F H( N9 J* N3 x4 n! p2 P
有时也用复数:6 _. I6 o" ~) C7 W
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
" T- X( g( T" F& J5 w- ~(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)5 T& N: W+ r4 _6 n' }
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.* C9 x# Q* F! N3 Z% z) s# D
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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4 T0 A* {$ t/ V: V6)eye opener:
$ G, K8 S6 S, w) ^9 X/ }指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)! |2 y; t& n4 [% y1 a5 E r3 c
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
- y o; b/ H7 m/ ?1 o* F, T% J% z例如:
4 Y! j$ Y2 i& Q1 ?+ xYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
# S0 V D& F; q, }(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)7 g. r8 A4 F q2 j/ R( \
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.$ N6 t* f1 J& B
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)) n8 i* Q3 {& }7 x( e) c
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
- ]" M' c; b$ M$ _) X" ~7 _(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
" }6 D) {9 B/ T# l6 K4 dSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.9 z9 h" q5 n. p {+ s
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
6 i2 P- q2 x g z# B' ?(7) hot dog:
) y; x+ a# K8 |指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)2 i1 D$ Q' f# J* A+ n
例如:8 V `0 p* l6 ]- c/ p
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
1 W5 H6 C8 O+ p(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)2 M% a4 J/ n: j6 m+ z4 j
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
8 F# x- B4 o! x _ ]In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.% Z3 s% I2 H$ t a
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。); X% H/ H$ I0 o9 H% r
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)) ?, A3 m7 q; @9 y. @
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.2 g8 D8 Q1 t1 D; ], {0 r1 Z) s
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
7 ~! z! ?/ N$ P- G# Y. D( {& |也指真正的热狗食物:
4 p* O& X+ }* c# N5 t1 L4 _& `1 Q/ tThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.$ ~& y. E! P# i. t1 ?
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)5 `. {1 i u, @- U
也可表达欣赏的心情:
/ w$ L& [, B3 s% C! XHot dog ! What great news for me.
. s+ i% x! E2 D0 p. \2 S* h" ^(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
/ V% A' X4 W& M2 Q- u(8)eager beaver:8 b* V- a0 M: q. y3 i: a, m
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
3 k' W# r- O* j/ _(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
; O- I7 j# a* T+ w1 L/ S2 z(当名词用,可指男女)
0 j% y8 e& V" f5 j; q+ ~* E3 E例如:
( W& }, w, N* X, ^6 LJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.# d* N; T1 V0 K. a! K/ O. j
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
7 e H) g- f/ YBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.5 e) G0 ]7 q5 |7 c3 M$ T
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
( e1 O& p8 R l; f% t. IDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver? u1 y/ y, s( L0 r. f6 t
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
. R& }" N# K1 XYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations. v2 c* X4 g) ^1 H+ E+ i& Y5 f
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
: {$ {* R" g' A/ z! h: p(9)doubting Thomas:
$ j7 K/ h; O! i2 o" n" Q ^: a9 A/ r8 X这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)1 _% [1 I$ l, f3 x9 A
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)1 J" p+ D* `/ d% ~3 l N
(当名词用)
) J) ? ? _3 x例如:
: N }( c8 |* J$ b* P8 W& b9 } ]I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.2 ~5 L0 q* Y) A1 ~# z5 k
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。); j; X E% C* T- V
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
9 x7 O* A0 ^% k(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)! U# ?/ t3 l; g
也可用复数:5 t- Z5 s3 |! A6 r. x" b0 ?
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people., L4 R- d3 s* q1 G6 m3 m; {1 I- }
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)/ p% p. }& a+ f3 `
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
+ X3 \; g% O- X(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)9 k6 {* p* \1 x' l0 a, e4 o
(10)dragon lady:' _( ~0 i* p1 \/ \' d. U9 C
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
+ P$ I. _9 J0 a5 r- R例如:
~; }4 B$ n( aThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
6 ]5 g `% b) t7 T# w6 I(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)/ L! `) t" a& L# W# T
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
' D$ h( P3 i: z3 K/ R( j(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。) ?- }7 F, T5 R% y$ c% n
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?" `" s/ | ~( y7 I' f
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
: s% t# m; \2 `+ W! b也可用复数:
& j" N5 E6 o QThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.7 Z+ T0 i, {: c
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)$ | x }' c# ~0 T6 e1 u# O" {( p
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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