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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 8 B3 \2 ~0 G+ Q
' ?$ B/ Q( X' D3 K0 L 一、厕所 0 A. @* s* g/ a. {" c' g
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 8 j9 y/ i2 f3 I+ J6 I- I7 D/ c( G
3 e: b n/ A" a! `0 Q6 Z+ h 二、解小便 ( v! E v% f d
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 1 `3 c7 s8 V- s9 }
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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6 _' g8 ~4 e& }% C 医生或许也会问: 0 a" T2 h" @: A" m4 q5 V6 P% n
Do you have trouble urinating?
9 P, Y8 M, D' f6 \* Q" ^2 p =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 1 }- v7 T8 r: I% d9 S
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 0 E. s# r, L* D2 w; q1 G
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
* K$ d% N# z# z' h * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ( K. t; b9 C, p7 X/ j3 [. j
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: & f+ X x8 ?9 y5 \+ j" f+ C
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ' K# O; ]6 }! o6 I9 c- M! D
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
2 A7 `, N) @& V 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) g$ ?9 ^/ d# P
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
" J+ U) `' Z) D' `4 Y6 T * The boy needs to pee. & q$ W& M! A1 z6 Q! f& h
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: : q) F! g8 \9 B/ ?+ T2 D
* Do I need a urine test? % L/ `, Z2 `+ Q, a
+ Q" N+ x9 P! {. W A: t 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
. ~3 i: z- W6 {7 q* O/ H6 \ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. - `3 t! r$ z2 K' {$ T7 W
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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; C; N: c: Z& {) G) `! K, k 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
3 m& [* |* t1 t: K9 h3 s * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : r/ n" b3 I/ j/ j6 P9 g
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* d. J9 ?1 M0 @: S6 m! u * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 1 R# q) A" g$ Z: b. x' Q$ R
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 ( G* ~! _: T0 C4 N9 `: w$ F6 B
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
) y4 a6 [: W6 `# q to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 9 z* i; s' [: M9 | _+ G8 ]1 d
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: * \5 ?8 D7 g5 u2 W2 ]; _" h
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
" `: F: D0 a; s' d) {* r, R * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 8 v4 S2 Z c+ x: c9 c4 F/ D' c2 l
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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' D8 U9 b! H& ^, M; v7 e 四、放屁 2 R+ P* m. c) N; z( n
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: " T) T( p8 U) ]6 Z; J' v+ Z
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ ^# S8 E" O2 L+ e+ L 你放屁的次数很多吗?
0 D* m! p. E! i! ~3 L& T * Is the gas expelled by belching?
, w D2 V7 X e4 @$ o) o; g 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 K. U3 I }2 {* n
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. * d% @) a; I1 P- K" H7 I- ^9 \
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 2 u3 r( D, T( A# s+ f+ i& I
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. / ?% ^- z8 i6 p8 z+ O, O% Y% q
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 * b; O5 K* V) M
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) l1 O2 [; z% |5 r$ q: s9 H 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
# K& R7 k, n4 P2 P9 b * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
8 c+ W6 P0 W0 c0 [8 k5 U4 } = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
1 [# w3 U8 }( o" v& i 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) + |4 W3 c0 i# ~) c) I8 z
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
; v a- J& `/ F$ M+ \* B3 c) ] 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
+ B. m" ?; ?5 t * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: u6 P; i- R0 \- l& V) l, I 他经常便秘。) 或
4 E& \( z% q: G( [6 o * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 & h1 J' X$ @8 H, l& f
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
0 K |9 X( M5 M z * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& r) ^. t4 A) |- m/ x0 u4 G0 j0 i 他拉了一阵肚子。
3 R% K+ _$ @$ e( d3 M4 z W8 D * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 1 q) P1 W( w; l9 C% j' U: |
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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