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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 7 } K& X3 @8 j& [( ?4 X
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一、厕所
/ z5 j2 G' {" r' T' l4 [2 ` 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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2 p: k8 W/ w3 V- X2 s! R 二、解小便
: Z5 q+ j ^$ Y) t2 [. Q 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: : c" T4 ]# X* K- Z% ]9 @
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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( p+ m8 ?7 p, t 医生或许也会问:
8 M5 [1 T. t7 N6 t* Y# W5 g9 w Do you have trouble urinating?
7 L& W' J' P2 g h" z =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: ' R; i1 l7 D# D0 N/ O- A# _1 B* y
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: $ F7 u* n( a% f/ x' @) ~2 h
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
% |1 ^3 q! u2 f" g, u' \ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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+ k0 N- N% x( q3 v: @9 G 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 1 f+ @) E/ _0 I
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ! n' D) G6 x: _" B# D( O5 N( G
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 " O1 }# N5 }1 `9 o% `4 [$ q
4 `8 b# d8 p: _# {! t * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
4 ]5 Q) Q- m, m9 I" c5 _$ d 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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" s$ [+ i# v% o5 U6 p- p * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 7 j. f/ H' p! j
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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g3 E8 ?/ Z6 I1 }0 J- F) P 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
7 t5 W6 q6 B6 o5 u7 a+ k0 s9 U# E * The boy needs to pee. 2 ], z: Y7 j# }- g9 s" @
4 c" B# ]! H: h4 x3 A( h 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 5 O) j; Y: t9 ~, V( j d: t/ i" U
* Do I need a urine test?
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" f- U3 Q9 j% O2 S) D; k# S d2 }0 r8 B 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
- [5 B0 V7 c; x; K * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 2 ]% S# i- V2 `7 t" I
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 1 d: n8 q7 e' Z$ n5 A8 O6 G8 T- ]- ?& c
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 9 y* c+ X* S: p+ ? _
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( K$ T5 |- W4 t. K& g
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 6 L V6 W) }; F& X+ W1 U$ t- B
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
+ n6 a# G7 t1 X- ]& ], K7 n 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 1 j0 o0 w( `' v/ A7 }* v& T
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 7 [! j" a2 W- r, ~4 I; E8 H
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
" P9 \8 C8 Q4 a, b5 D * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) . G& H! a% c1 Y# l* y5 T6 r! \
. K0 d" R9 M1 }+ }; S 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
* }/ q' s7 y% @2 v * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) , V. h0 m, C) c. |: `1 ~% d
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: $ G' A9 g- q! t, m5 K5 i* C% V' [7 Z/ Q
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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9 p5 T% Q& ?2 { 四、放屁 2 v, j% ]( F' E! z6 u! M" {8 w
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: - w" z+ i- ]7 H$ G/ z7 B" m
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 }$ z ^: R- [5 ?: Q n 你放屁的次数很多吗?
" N4 E! |; d5 p * Is the gas expelled by belching?
( ~2 Y5 D6 P; d 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 6 R% g, M# F Q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. % y# H; I0 `. e* V) H5 g3 H+ T
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 |" u- Q+ v% g1 }. k4 `
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
4 Y2 \ T& t8 S1 Z 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
5 g& t+ a8 f( p5 \ * Be careful not to fart in the public.
% I& V2 P. j: X2 J& ? 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 : N6 P! Z) x0 U. w$ f" \/ J+ d
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: / I, j! U& d1 d) b1 |6 G
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
/ a! e+ P/ `. t/ k8 { = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
2 o) L" L' E; r6 y/ Q q 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) . D5 m+ `$ ?6 k1 C# j) R( |
! q2 w" ^9 U2 L * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
% [0 \5 x I; o3 Q, k! n. @/ H$ N' b 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 P5 S7 A4 l+ q0 I * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) - L5 k2 f4 K; {' d }/ V
他经常便秘。) 或 ) i" V) i. Z* l/ J) _
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& e: b, b2 J9 v2 m$ Q/ y * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 # d5 @8 O6 ?" t* P( N6 O% O2 v6 e" \
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ( n- I# l% X1 E# i S
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
% N: s, k$ w, m3 y 他拉了一阵肚子。
/ a9 ~! A M+ A * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
3 R1 T: N$ O4 j3 d5 J; w9 F 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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