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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 5 h8 Y3 z2 Z# i2 m0 d- \- i" W4 h
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一、厕所
/ D# d# [: N/ M3 f' R% j 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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- n7 R9 T7 N: |3 a* l* I 二、解小便 2 W: _- y8 a/ `* b4 A# B
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
/ i7 U" b M0 ]7 R Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
( G( I7 k: d/ }6 P9 |* F Do you have trouble urinating? e" d+ v: O+ r
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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3 f1 `+ U, F# l$ c$ u7 W, A* q 此外,还有其他的说法: * ^( T) T. q" i. ]8 Z; m
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: : N8 ?) F! R& K; l6 q! @( J; k k* B
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. + s& z1 r, S' z1 k! u. O3 c
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ! j' L, F7 k; l7 q9 s; U$ O
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: * O% F/ r8 y \: ]! P" |1 ^
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 2 C( }4 X0 V: t! ] V: f
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 % F8 _: O9 s' g% y( @5 O2 T/ k! v
" |/ `( }- n% U9 C0 l" v) ? * He went to the john a few minutes ago. % S! e! F/ v6 i* s+ x2 {% Z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' w8 a3 A+ t: s7 h+ |0 |
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 : B6 Y5 J5 G( }% R' c7 d3 ^8 `- r( \
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
) {; e" e9 q9 T * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
( W3 I3 q! B" O0 K% s3 ~5 x; d * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 0 Z" T n7 f2 @$ `0 ^! a9 m+ T
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
) h- V- n: A' L8 ~) X" y9 H * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ! q0 r6 M5 c! o0 G1 o; R
& b* J- _+ m$ S: w5 F9 z5 ? 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: # K8 G( E& _; d: V) o
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
, c7 [$ k- N6 o) ]& | * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) : X2 J6 F' z6 \7 T' t( K4 B N
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ }0 J9 n. @6 {# t# R6 [! X+ a * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 % t2 z5 b" m+ A+ s
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ O0 R! V1 F3 ?
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
! K9 C) ]/ v. ?7 z" ] =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
/ ^( M |! S, K! I* N * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) - @0 K! `' N7 c4 n% P* ]0 b! w4 a
F% i1 f& E6 E1 o4 y 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
" C* ]+ g2 v/ |3 g * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) - U$ J" Q7 [7 v5 t, t$ p' ~
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
/ p2 w0 K7 p% ]+ \- e * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# z- V: l7 `# f 四、放屁 # a6 v' S: f* K9 J
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
b! h1 Y& h7 z# s How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
8 Y7 U1 k6 b) J( Q" n7 P 你放屁的次数很多吗? . Z6 B% @; n! M4 E/ {- ?
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
+ j/ e3 M! z0 R4 M( @) l+ z1 H 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
; ^/ S$ B/ u- _0 i' v j% T2 e * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
! K; z+ r! |1 q7 i3 x# t' O 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & i- I5 o% v0 g( U! o6 q
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 7 S" a9 l3 F: J3 _/ ^
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ) w6 a1 ] [: e
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) J' W! W- a3 J# s0 } U 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ! S8 q0 p1 V& ~* G9 k
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
5 @+ b, f1 B4 o% J * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 3 {' r3 S% p \2 V% h
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 2 V. Z/ Y, l. K3 C( U A1 K
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 2 B1 s8 P. O$ t
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ' p* c. G1 }% X. d& _
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 l9 S6 u/ B( G1 E * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
7 |: j/ u3 j# n 他经常便秘。) 或 , x) B7 g: {. z4 ]2 }
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
* Q# [( G" F2 K, W * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 & R d+ s# P; e* l0 t1 X6 Q
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ; g! P% H, }! B9 P5 D
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 ?/ @2 ^1 I8 ], `" Z" `1 @+ u# w! I 他拉了一阵肚子。 " M. n! C" W% D$ \0 i1 M# K$ j$ h
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
: J9 n3 [. t7 E! S 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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