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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 7 S0 q' w, s j* C
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一、厕所 5 k2 h8 l8 t: \( @
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 , J& i" n, X& [% g1 \4 Q' t' [0 v
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二、解小便 8 `; l$ m( Z- Z: c1 }! b( A* J
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 1 A) H( P# M# N: v0 P1 K
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? # T( J4 m6 H* D8 N
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医生或许也会问: 0 h! i$ a* R/ x2 U" c, @
Do you have trouble urinating?
0 ?: W% d( V0 W+ [) l =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 2 k4 ?' u& N3 M& G0 K- w8 O
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此外,还有其他的说法: % v6 i0 H% B; n2 R" D) M* s, J
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 1 P" Z( a- N# S; k- H: X
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
! q% W4 n* ^+ E: m5 B' J v * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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& S* a* H1 f' Y1 M0 b1 J3 Z 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 O# Z+ j5 ?, S# k
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 7 g& i9 r% O3 e" j6 b* D
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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- O0 M! \. a2 P, w$ s * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
# M/ n4 Y5 c% r5 T Y" {. M 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 : }) b% Q* ^! S4 F# O0 f
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
' _0 z. e3 h; c" y9 J- y4 n 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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4 F4 v, D* l" f; x8 C+ x3 @8 { 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 1 ?- }0 ~% O* ]& i
* The boy needs to pee. 7 {* u! h: i$ e% U
; l5 I) m3 ]' | 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
% @4 N$ k0 d$ z/ g+ a * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 9 s( p: E N0 l+ F' O* _
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ( v1 Z1 o/ I+ e
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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9 v, n& x& E' e9 x 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: # t5 j' {/ s* s$ y* \! D
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 3 A- r1 L- z2 q- [
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
. k( k, k* p8 o * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
' u/ W% T1 W$ @& Z' } * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 8 `1 z: h( @6 a* u- _
6 Y! q; N: d7 W$ h" K) k' f 三、解大便
. |8 ~2 f; B& ^, a2 x' L 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ( W6 Z ~6 T4 g: E
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
% ~5 q9 }% \( c% B- F& k =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: " k# |! |/ j% B! B$ ^
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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( x( n; _- f e$ P 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ; |2 `) R ^9 j- @# q& ~5 {
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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7 {9 G2 s, X/ ]' s- [ s 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
1 w1 D' E2 A6 ~: E# a% H * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 8 P" n! E' ?9 ^% X+ N8 |! Z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
% v/ \ p2 f" c2 H/ S How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
" o3 N# d( g% k2 B 你放屁的次数很多吗?
* U) y, W& w8 n. E * Is the gas expelled by belching? * F6 v0 o6 s7 C8 p# d
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
& w* [( n8 A; P7 N* W# q* ~! w * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
6 g7 e5 ?6 f8 x5 G' j$ G 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
1 M$ i( R9 g! p, I6 w$ G. R * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ' T, U3 P( Y1 k& v: Y; i) l5 h
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
, h' I# _/ x& F% T5 @' U/ j * Be careful not to fart in the public. 8 ^# l* Q: R0 s4 [) L+ B6 c h, c9 F
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 2 o5 M' G, i3 d3 k' n. @
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: + f- p k/ J4 f0 \
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) + R7 ^) D: b7 m- e8 }
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
# J; |2 _' V6 e 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 5 v' p8 F0 k: _4 f3 U
& ^) q: ^+ P! T3 X* T# w# u4 g * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
L, J1 v* E/ R8 N. T4 H3 T$ y 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 9 [, A. h/ L' r" A
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ! {$ i# T6 \5 \4 @& G+ t5 V- L5 L
他经常便秘。) 或 8 p4 N( `8 T, q7 D; x6 l
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 % f% p& U$ p; s0 w8 Z k+ n% {
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 5 F, m) l o# S0 ?+ g! {0 ^3 F
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 1 Z e$ Z7 k& H7 B: X
他拉了一阵肚子。
# g- {! O2 t- e, G0 u * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) " Y' \0 J) r/ M5 n
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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