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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! & O2 ?4 r1 }* D ?) w$ a# c4 ]9 l
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一、厕所 9 O3 q/ ]3 h% W4 d( f7 ^ q, T
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 + }: V- o6 _# [( y& W
9 `' z# }! h7 E( K( E& a 二、解小便 $ e- T% |, ?, r, t4 g) h
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ( l4 n* t* Y- a* v3 E
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 5 I D* s- C8 b \1 y
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医生或许也会问: 8 i t) s2 r* Q% K) R4 H
Do you have trouble urinating?
6 k; M1 a( F5 Y% v# I) j =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " h2 ]! |( o" s' X% I9 r6 r
8 ^: b, [! l6 J# I7 W) T 此外,还有其他的说法: ' B+ I, P" P' g+ h" P4 @3 T4 H( q
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 5 G5 K% s8 K: l! w% m& m1 u8 n
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. B: v. ~$ z7 y+ i% g( l: {
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) / n \/ H1 u$ p
' n( u) G0 h4 m* |! Z* k2 j 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: , j) g) {' h/ [% x& Y8 m
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
- t3 m# V* D; } 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ( {) U4 u& }- R- I+ x
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
0 {, C5 h( d& n 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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. Q0 d( H- K4 f * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 5 Y: ?6 q% x( x
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 % z# w: ]1 O. d
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: , h* M' E3 X, L& q
* The boy needs to pee.
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E. ~& q/ W/ c" r 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: & O, H: y4 S$ F3 P/ Q; F
* Do I need a urine test? $ F6 N1 J/ b% O3 Z
/ R' E' k2 E- Y 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
, a, l- V: H* z * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ( @0 Z+ `1 x( ~# Z+ @0 }
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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/ |- x) x$ y4 [8 }$ A) R- ^ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ; f f" x: c2 Y/ J
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
. q" D h; C! q; Z$ U * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* m) L7 C' U7 F * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 4 g7 A/ ^# N" L& x% L9 ~1 j9 E
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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, M# [/ {5 V! ^8 T" l. l% b% B/ \ 三、解大便
! w+ N6 Y4 J; L$ S3 x1 r% s* x1 i 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
( S( @* l4 U3 _1 V7 @ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
- m. @! l& w1 E2 j2 h6 e =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 6 ?; ^6 s0 O! u) w
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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- c5 A7 ~% }' H- k0 T3 F& r 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
3 O8 ~1 Z, g* Z4 ]8 _5 ?5 N * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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) ^8 D$ `. y5 u+ q 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ _9 C: c5 b5 M" c: y V$ Q+ _ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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9 C# c/ x' I9 G) V& V( ^ 四、放屁 * g! g( |: Z6 y5 p7 M
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: / E' k. {/ e$ W* N6 i! F" |
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ; x7 X; O ~# k! A
你放屁的次数很多吗?
) ~/ l0 a: D4 M. \6 O * Is the gas expelled by belching?
, |+ v4 o9 U4 G% q9 }" N, {5 k 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
C6 K* x% m# L. j' P9 ] * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 3 G1 e' y" }2 R' i4 Z: K. |
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + I& D, o b4 \3 g6 j4 x
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 7 |+ s# i; G' z0 u! u2 o4 \1 F- g
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 7 k9 @2 a% t3 ?* D) J! o" U
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
/ Y/ K5 w' t9 ]$ Y& @9 Y; U 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
Y* f# r4 |# i/ v8 y$ z8 |1 O: Q * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
7 X+ g! I5 G" ~/ y: ^ ?, J' g = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 0 g+ D. v& v: {
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ) v. r; X$ O7 \. o6 x# W
4 t. n) G6 \9 O) J * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
6 }5 n( X, F! b, A3 G7 J- A, Y 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 6 z7 j9 z7 y; d. X3 U
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
/ q9 o2 _) d- } 他经常便秘。) 或 3 [( C6 K, @4 M% Y# H
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 5 X1 I8 N1 b' m8 z/ j
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
5 A0 q, X6 {8 N! t2 P * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 2 \& p* V0 R5 V! C; j# b+ j$ n
5 z2 Z* h' {$ S1 K3 k( \ f * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
, o' K3 {- J4 b# S8 @( o 他拉了一阵肚子。
" B5 z/ Y! d' D0 [" {% H. w * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) : K" n' @3 Y1 y7 {1 K2 b
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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