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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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* `8 S4 _+ v7 r$ O. R' R! p, J6 N9 \ 一、厕所
' q* s3 W! t. ? }! Z, K6 n 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 # {. V. d8 N8 ^ w" F% m
5 X) n" Y! y8 w- @- T 二、解小便 8 x t$ p' F3 }/ ]+ Y9 W5 a& Z1 j
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 1 S7 [6 H N. H% s0 P) |
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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& D# z4 a; ^9 o3 \ 医生或许也会问:
. a" {/ _$ y6 }( j Do you have trouble urinating?
4 x! i( o V* d% m6 F =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
. T1 `8 D) X4 }8 h0 w$ w- [& e" A to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ; Z. J- _2 \/ K- ?
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. % f& I; f y1 r+ l
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 3 O% S. s: Q+ t) \
; g9 P) W# N% N* w 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
; X* i0 ?. o" H * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 4 Y( D$ w% k' p# g/ U" D
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 " Z) d/ P5 [/ h0 L2 O/ v w# G
6 i, d/ }; i) G3 ^ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
& [5 U8 a4 ?: R4 L: c1 t 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 5 W' d3 f3 A+ c' }8 S5 l% ~0 }0 w
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
$ o& a2 j7 K8 C- G 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 / D+ L; b' D' b% _) J
# s; H. z z V) a3 X% h 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
, |/ @1 S C) s/ L2 e2 A$ ] * The boy needs to pee.
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8 Z6 L( E c* }& D5 F p6 T* T 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
, h( K$ {! H5 M r: ] * Do I need a urine test? 1 E" N( f+ X/ N" x- q
5 @! ^ d$ `9 w3 W5 A. n 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
5 F2 b4 V2 {! |# ^2 d- { * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
. N' P+ K6 S% T( C * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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! W# a/ _. Y% z# z6 F0 y 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ( A. o% I% s1 D$ W- x0 i
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
- L8 K* H3 }. t4 ?( j * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
! c, X7 q0 u5 C. Z) h8 m. H$ p * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) # D* O/ e' n2 N7 M5 A
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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' R$ O6 E" K1 t7 L* } 三、解大便 : J7 E1 I) _) g. x5 E! ?' m y
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: . f0 p9 m. q1 M* L
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
5 k) @3 s5 |. P0 V- r W! q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 6 t' Z6 R5 k8 C
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 R* `$ }! j6 W& x+ a8 c9 b
. ^% k; J+ g! V, n: q 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 1 H2 N6 p6 p/ [) i7 [+ s- c# p
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ( q! A% Y+ W+ o! N9 B
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 8 f4 L6 H+ O$ U- X) k( \* N
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四、放屁
1 Y8 r% l/ X: @5 W" i 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: : H* b3 L5 G1 D$ q8 T2 ?; i) o3 ` B& C
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
& T0 f/ z2 ~2 v# @: p 你放屁的次数很多吗?
4 e- P: Q4 e) S) d * Is the gas expelled by belching?
" C3 W8 @ w; k v$ z4 m+ ^$ ? 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ; N8 O" b. a/ L; _7 X! U+ f
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ( u5 k7 y9 g1 C, J4 O
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 % `9 m" v( k' P; a; E
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
2 l9 t' q$ E+ R. J* b 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
) Z' M8 ~5 D$ x9 |% h) @' w * Be careful not to fart in the public.
8 v5 A) {/ z6 z5 }- J p, ? 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: - j. [6 p/ z: N* X
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 j) W! Q9 }$ ~6 V2 I3 m1 w
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 3 ?# K% m g% y/ d- l
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ! @9 ~5 y0 ~: l: x( V
8 Z [4 A( K& R3 ~$ F4 D * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
7 |. {1 u+ U" | E' u 胃不舒服有两星期了。) + ?: p5 S0 X/ h$ M) O4 E2 v
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) * ?, Y9 f5 }6 a- D- v
他经常便秘。) 或
) U' R5 w8 L0 u r, T& j * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
" c( x0 L2 n) D9 j * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 r5 Y+ z" E) _/ V' I) ~
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ! @2 M/ [; r: S9 q5 \4 ^8 g" v
/ `% i/ e1 g% }: D * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& o5 I6 t, t9 b 他拉了一阵肚子。 W D% m4 G3 o* D
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
, D4 _5 w5 _, z+ t; e2 S8 j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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