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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 / \; A" j1 A. R
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ' X- M' m$ y/ K" [
6 c% w1 V( j8 q( P1 V$ I2 ? 二、解小便 , s. T" w% o9 \
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: G) j7 l9 M+ }
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
, G7 ?8 K8 q8 A* |- H+ z Do you have trouble urinating?
9 B' q" a' C, O, j, w5 B: F2 w =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 8 R9 F& X" {" X( Z) k* r
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ! }6 H4 t; }# |
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
) u! I9 ]& c& m5 R$ [4 C * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 i5 a' `. ?8 j! r" T# k
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
9 k7 P$ B9 q! d3 ?* I9 x+ o 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 5 q1 c, ?1 W% G! \ y: |" x
. a; F# [) R# _- L * He went to the john a few minutes ago. * a6 z5 S4 K9 [& M* K
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ; S' A4 n; L) D. I4 _
3 `8 X& b1 g' A, @: S: _( @ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. : x: k1 I& @" d% v4 @; p9 [
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
, G+ J6 t+ W, ?: y * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
& q( ?/ B- y( p m * Do I need a urine test?
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: O# C+ g! c3 N3 }# [1 @ 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: " |/ ]$ q5 W* H. _( T( d% v5 n) ]
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
9 x/ f; W: q( Y7 Y( k7 H; f1 [5 B; Q * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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8 {; W6 `+ {' J+ G+ w) o' n* C7 T 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
/ t( i$ O% h: t+ G7 v( L# r * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
6 } N+ {7 ?, ~3 @3 L* ~' g0 y0 h' { * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) # ~6 e% r$ n" _# |1 ?1 K
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
2 Y% ^( C6 {- I( @4 Z. v& P, H * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) i4 }8 l: o7 Y% z& p
& B6 a8 Z! _6 ~7 t. V. N" @ 三、解大便 4 p% [+ n! q f* M
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
4 z' L6 c: U3 a7 c' ]# n4 ~ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
. u% C: k Y0 |4 Z =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 A' z% g8 R6 ^5 H. a9 y. t * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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4 W/ x/ @: e8 D N0 g 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ' V5 k( l& h. a& | h, Q4 G" ?+ d9 @6 t
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) , N0 {2 k! M" ~$ V- i
1 r i$ @2 h. y" P; p 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 1 }. l- I+ f& ]" x+ g/ I8 ^) H
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 7 p4 L+ P; n" r4 v
, x' Y2 h' O% M! G9 u 四、放屁
) I! @& J" y/ g 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
. w0 [3 g; `( x- e- i& K How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
( z, X+ J$ i7 A0 a 你放屁的次数很多吗? : U- p1 w2 a6 ]
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
6 G9 ~4 c2 b/ @' `' F( a 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
$ y0 S$ k+ G" q' ^ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
+ Y& t) X/ B8 c6 K; j 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 / C3 w6 C8 Y- M7 B+ o7 m
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
( I) e7 Y$ A, s# a4 f/ [ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
$ U: C3 M K5 r+ ]; _* B1 d! J9 m9 ? * Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 u$ w+ f: T L1 c2 Q. M
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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/ e; T9 t" c2 z. T" z# W 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: % Y( Y9 x% B9 [0 @( q
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ) l( K% `" F: P! s9 b: s/ N
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
$ Q: E# L3 D! Z, b$ S 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ' p! M& G( E7 Z! ^- W% @9 ?, m
9 d" d1 o0 g/ o+ x9 Y' v * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. # z! p* z8 E% d! P
胃不舒服有两星期了。) . k, G1 p$ i; Z( r
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 4 j. p) U6 c J; q! j1 R. o. |
他经常便秘。) 或 * z3 h8 ?2 l( e1 l
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 - H6 W2 I8 @0 e: \1 y
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
5 x/ I6 U8 X) O( |# |8 E$ Y * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 9 d+ L1 l! [' I$ w2 @
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 1 N1 e( a4 }/ K+ V o0 y' s* q
他拉了一阵肚子。 ' O" O% P$ @) m5 x, k) b9 W& o
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% l8 v" A: U% e: ` 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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