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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 2 c* v8 p/ E8 l8 u5 G" J" w
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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4 S" B* c/ |+ L7 _' V2 u# p6 {7 fA：I like apples.
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% F7 m" z# W; ~7 P) M% cB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 ( b; y4 J) m& n+ m" F) c+ C
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 2 {1 \' s$ N+ e# m% H6 U+ M
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
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0 s2 Q; u1 D7 U+ {2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： - {1 }- V o' E+ K! f
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) o2 a6 m! ]/ O2 a1 S1 G
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 - L: |: q* `8 z R6 k" s' G
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. ! a% G* C8 }) |( n
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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; i2 U: G, q6 @& b, B/ F如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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---Nor it is! 5 K4 p! I6 S" ^- t
R1 b; {( H% u' N2 nThis cup hasn't got a handle!
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---Nor it has! + \$ K3 s& p, \7 `8 o" D+ L
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 8 d! t# r( n& p1 f% t
1 {' q; }& q1 B' jDerothy: Look it's raining! ' I8 X8 P, @; G8 \5 Y6 ^
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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& j: z. [7 \5 E' PDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. * v3 P% H8 l; p1 D6 K; O' {1 I
% c3 O. ^, q, o, B# ZDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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) b+ [6 T' H# e! I% b6 {Derothy: So we can. ( h1 ?* ~! J& x% I* O. r; R% d. G: u8 a
& b8 Z2 S' z' ?+ m6 @. u7 P1 D! wDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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6 E2 u: a( R) x% gDenald: Yes, let's.
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, I+ V- O0 w5 `" Y6 pDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. " ?% V& I2 d" z
" s4 q8 o0 X8 h [Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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% F5 p! I8 B9 |Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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0 j5 R/ e# e9 `- j$ N# ODorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. $ S; j+ L# f# |' O5 D
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? 2 K. b6 A/ r- e4 Z7 C
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Dorothy: It's the postman.
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. " D0 Y! f9 P, F: R) U5 e+ C; H
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
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4 y8 e# W2 G* hDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! 4 T7 d; ?4 u6 a, p+ @6 @) Z$ k4 G
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Dorothy: Nor do I! 6 n# H% g9 p1 ?2 m
+ @6 I* j# D2 jDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! 2 T/ E% h3 m: n( A% O* |1 t/ Y5 b
4 {! ~% N( d: w l6 U3 fDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. $ a4 _7 G8 f6 [2 p0 L
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. ; e4 M# U N: k& L5 C% T' k( X
! k% j& T( u y: V( U, gDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! $ ?( f+ X( b1 z+ t
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! ) o+ f. }5 Y& O- v( W* w
# W5 O( ^$ ]) Z9 i; RDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. ' Y( W2 X4 j- } _/ r) ^6 A" s
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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