从"So do I"谈起

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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
5 O6 O* p; h! F0 W6 `4 ^例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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, h/ F! d3 r4 f2 j' M+ pA：I like apples.

9 u0 @. |5 v( j, c! g, y1 uB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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: V6 J6 ~7 y& b- G1 `- i　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2 \2 K7 u& u  @& k$ l, r$ p  ^2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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: w7 C( G1 c$ q2 e2 Z  D# d第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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: ?- L( \7 r  a& X+ q  H7 S如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!
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---Nor it has!
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

$ U9 q- |7 S+ l6 f$ N" T1 J5 W, HDerothy: Look it's raining!
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/ \1 C" _7 g1 d* i' w$ eDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

" u8 }& E( |3 o6 Z3 y/ E# mDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

2 E/ Y: V7 ~' |! T& k1 SDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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* X7 b3 e: ?% Z6 lDerothy: So we can.
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$ M7 W' c* ?7 e# H' H# r: ~Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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& y4 e/ Z' Q1 SDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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Denald: Yes, let's.

: F( [: z5 @4 I' I+ m- W5 X4 a1 jDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

* P# d# G' t; k$ XDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

' _- L; g: X  ^4 @Dorothy: It's the postman.

, P" s( v- Y; q1 l  gDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
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' \" B- J+ E+ S, ^+ S. aDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

& a; A8 p" u. B7 O5 e  ]' N" i4 gDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

* Q  b0 v' s  k5 \1 A6 zDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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, x5 q- n% u- C# Z# q) c/ q4 rDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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8 i: |4 ?4 v$ N/ q: cDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

0 g; V6 T2 c& D4 n# }) @& HDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

; X' t1 @/ `! c; N. A+ _7 }Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.