从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

) X* c8 d( r/ L0 k8 BA：I like apples.
; ?! T* ~4 ]$ g5 M/ [% b
6 G+ v7 h3 b4 V$ E+ dB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
$ [4 ]! U9 }& t; g9 N4 H: [# w
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

! z0 H7 l) ]& Y7 ]$ M8 u1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
# f) Y* ^" l- i
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
3 j- ~! H) F! R
' p7 @! D- f+ U  i" \% e第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

5 y0 {& }$ `' Z4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

4 u  c9 [/ A& i6 f7 r4 A  u如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

0 i9 o  k- M7 w9 b+ m  S, o---Nor it is!

7 M8 b( N/ q8 w8 zThis cup hasn't got a handle!

( F# h/ c8 S! E/ ]* \---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

" X4 Q2 D& ?. ~% j' i( a2 @Derothy: Look it's raining!

Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

" @- z% T) A( v  P5 |Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

6 }  J2 q  ?6 Y1 x4 |Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
, u' U# @; w9 V6 J' x+ W9 c
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
1 |# c2 P8 \* G, H
5 o0 r- n' P/ nDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
, J6 U- M* a0 |8 l* y% T
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
, @  `& Q$ t+ L+ q1 B, [8 ^
) f# C2 v" w* d, Q. f) EDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
- {0 ]* J8 C+ b" N: _& z1 j! U
* A8 ~! u) W- A8 r) q9 H+ PDorothy: It's the postman.
" ~7 Q& g3 \2 j) l5 i3 [8 Z) S
: Q/ M2 i, |" s% C7 d8 O5 H$ iDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
  p! G5 O4 i9 o7 i9 z
6 p9 M3 A8 i6 t  x1 hDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
3 j! Z  z4 @" B
# e$ Q0 ]$ Y9 r& P& C* EDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
/ s2 f8 c- N1 m, h% X# u
Dorothy: Nor do I!
5 Y/ y; H7 Q- Y3 J9 Q
% `5 a5 c6 H8 w# MDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
# W, L1 g' v2 u2 ?
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

2 \9 Z1 I. p1 ^- EDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

& J8 O. v' z+ ^. {Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
2 r8 _( `8 P, W1 q1 q6 J( z6 w
3 g/ }' V$ \8 _3 e, {Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

; Y6 ?& G% Q+ LDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

* G  o3 s" n/ D# \Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.