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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
, ]. s! I. P' E; }- j9 z例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： ) F7 w% |- B! X; w4 P# m
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A：I like apples. - E! k, X5 B; |0 s* u; r1 T5 h
! H V7 ]+ I& Y- d/ {B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。） 8 }+ }( L4 R1 s4 W. M
- }4 b* c7 M, J4 _1 o* k5 J. c 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 - j6 O# E6 Z2 S
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 - a# F5 q" S) t% }# D1 k1 s5 Z
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. $ p' g/ v$ I9 D3 l% ]# m8 N
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。 9 c0 ^, `* _: N
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： # M8 W, w3 {9 M% i) J# |
, B4 r! K) _5 l0 B4 N0 i第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) . w) v! }& B; |7 T$ P3 H
! i7 ]8 ~2 T4 e( o- ~第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. / N/ ^ Z0 B" n; i. s' N& Y, Z; k
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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1 j( B+ o9 T7 D* r如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more! 9 Q/ n$ P9 n5 H2 A& u' O9 _
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---Nor it is! 1 |8 b3 r: i/ O# s" r
! p2 N' L/ ?$ Z. k. C9 \This cup hasn't got a handle!
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---Nor it has!
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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9 k3 d h$ w% eDerothy: Look it's raining! 7 N/ k2 B% h, Y* j) }2 c
$ s/ N6 {! G6 m# g+ s$ [$ t2 EDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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5 ~& M' e9 M2 x" bDerothy: So we can. 3 ?- k" C8 k# {6 }; j
7 L0 R8 y* W k6 n$ Y+ zDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". ( H! E; c: Z3 s% n& x
9 ?. w. w" X/ S K0 y& J+ t- d: ^ i9 pDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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Denald: Yes, let's.
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. " B) A+ ^& L; n* U) d* \
0 I+ x$ P" L! x8 w" {5 SDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. ; A1 [* i6 |% V! D2 Q
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Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman. 3 b2 T" ^- p" F. s
5 J7 Q0 ^$ B- S( _' _Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! 8 c3 C6 a/ P- V7 w1 U
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Dorothy: Nor do I! 3 g& _+ J/ _1 l0 J4 \7 o8 k
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. 6 v+ h; w& M& \; H
5 W# C% s/ ~" e( UDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. * X5 V; x- L# S6 Z3 p( w1 [
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! ' b% |( A9 n8 Z7 D& |$ S$ E0 ^
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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