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从"So do I"谈起

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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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两人对话,乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如: Do you like it? -- Yes,I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合: You worry too much.-- No,I don't.在后一种情况下,乙方也能"So+do+主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 7 Q( y- h2 O, c  m
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果",乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果",英语可以说:
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A:I like apples. 0 `$ Z+ U  j! ]5 j' k
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B:So do I.(= I like apples,too。)
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 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way,即同样、 也那样,作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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0 |$ G( i3 x0 T4 B本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 1 O) o) s+ Y" p/ r2 c$ C2 z( R) ^8 b

, Q& U, o0 G5 S4 b3 b4 O1."So+do+主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时,也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词(即操作词时), 可用此结构。例如: A:I like playing football. B:So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时,则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I've got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. " D7 g( H8 R  u* V

. `0 Q. k' S- D/ l2."Neither/Nor + do + 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时,可用此结构。例如,甲方说I can't swim, 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳",英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can't either)。 8 R  o7 B" J, v; D) Q  p
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又例如: A:He doesn't speak French. B:Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构,有两点说明: ! }$ K, X2 \5 d7 n  ?* M
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第一,能用动词缩略形式。例如: I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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( s6 H0 d7 C! f* s! I第二,上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如: John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。   " K" |4 |' q  ^* T  e$ C/ l% M
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3."So+主语+do"结构 在简短反应中,对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时,可用此结构,注意,这 里不用倒装同序;so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly,即"不错"、"对了"。例如: A:John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如: A:Look,it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里,So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.  
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$ w/ h/ U1 ~2 f& G3 \4."Nor+主语十do"结构
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时,可用此 结构(注:在这类结构中,neither少见)例如: Look! It isn't raining any more! * _6 u- {7 I' E- i) E* u

( v* u, c, C# Z$ i/ \& I. [---Nor it is!
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7 O. Z4 L9 Q4 }: F# c5 A: h/ }- }This cup hasn't got a handle! ( {! r- D* G4 Y3 U9 v+ {7 y

, \% t4 k2 F$ `$ {2 f- a( S---Nor it has! ) A$ |5 X4 A' Y% f( F  ^3 W

& N  x* J0 r! c) u# D# }四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 7 m! i9 M) Q" u3 H4 i- c

7 w) H5 u0 s" E2 p+ |. O. `1 lDerothy: Look it's raining! ! w) b: K/ y" C" |# B7 d) X3 A

9 J) E9 P# `! P" tDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy:Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. . k  @% ]8 R7 C6 W- q% a( {
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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% C  V) t& r6 L5 a1 S4 U/ O: U% }Derothy: So we can.
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! n; A" F! \- z+ `Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". ( x, y6 a- A8 j

4 ^: G: i' A& F9 S: i# l- `* T: ?3 ODerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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Denald: Yes, let's. ! u2 K" S& {) b! J
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. + Y& r+ i6 d' _
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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Dorothy:So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. " I6 c. j0 O# l7 T: s- _
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. ' r/ E3 g4 Q0 T1 [8 [2 w6 R
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman. , z7 \- E# K$ N6 m" n$ W
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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! r6 R) T0 o7 e  _. @: Y8 gDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
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" L$ L5 Q1 ?# T1 i& h* g; Q# RDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! / b0 {9 C: E, h" e

6 n" E+ K5 m* G- u6 _  X! BDorothy: Nor do I!
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) ~  C$ C5 L3 _  G1 LDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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. w" W  L, ]) k% {Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. & q2 _. [( |& t. l# R

% T3 v; E4 M  m" P) `4 v, A) f: RDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. 1 C9 ?# ?" f; V. z' S
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
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. S: ~% `3 H0 S1 f% |$ F. p6 T% @Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! * C2 `4 {/ I" d; S
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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  ]$ h+ q0 E% b6 t. r$ y9 uDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.
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