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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士& Q! Y' ?, S* k$ [& n& k7 S
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197( F7 P" h I6 @5 p
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22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
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& }/ ~. D0 U, BThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one., C3 e. d) K/ C {
1 R1 O# Q% G# n6 w* x' MThe result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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, C8 H1 Y6 V" \7 l. d9 fThe team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.' _" ^# X: }4 r; V z% g$ R
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
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; B' G% ^8 i2 T- [6 ~ G& q0 Y* ^* mOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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4 G) O: T$ y- ^0 r4 a' ? }3 YAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another./ h0 V$ K5 Q& t+ H
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.* z+ n [5 g; i( K- t( A8 y/ B; v
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.0 o/ P4 z' C4 D
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"9 k9 a' n5 j6 d* w) S0 T
- v9 `, [( o4 P) BDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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2 e8 J3 }) L4 ]" h& Y5 w# IThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.4 ]% G$ j$ y, [- P1 [0 ~
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They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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1 m* X* j9 I `, O+ o8 h5 kHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.$ ?* p+ v4 `8 G$ `3 g) d2 @
' Y4 q+ ^! A( k! V Q# V\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.3 a) [% r' U: B$ j- {+ H) @
, ^; Q& s; z0 n9 cHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". ) T8 ~3 T5 D) r9 c7 ~2 y3 h, @
& o2 S4 K+ p! I\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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