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发表于 2009-5-20 21:54
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5、学点西方谚语,了解西方文化
7 Z1 u4 [0 q/ K9 n3 Q6 e2 k1)Man proposes, God disposes.
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; \+ `; U. s& g) ^; F* s6 ^这个说法最早见于14世纪,起初以 “If man proposes evil, God disposes of it.” 的形式出现, 意思是上帝会阻止想要为恶的人。这里的God, 既可以指上帝, 又可以指天意。 就像我们常说的“尽人事, 听天命”、“谋事在人,成事在天”一样, 尽力而为之后, 还要顺从自然的规律。 毕竟,人类是自然的一部分, 凡事皆不可强求, 与自然的和谐是人类的生存之本。
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eg:
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A: Bob, how about tomorrow’s driving test?Sure to pass,huh?
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3 \: ]7 B# b9 c0 t! X$ CB: I don’t know. I’ve done enough, I’d say. Anyway, man proposes, God disposes. I am praying for good luck.
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2)It is a sin to steal a pin.
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1 r U7 ]! y: i/ C该句的字面意思是: 即使是偷一根针也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?“勿以恶小而为之, 勿以善小而不为。”冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。 $ J2 C b5 b- W0 E/ w2 K
, ]- ] p$ O& C+ g% P/ B3 Feg: Honesty is the best policy. Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin. + }( P7 s$ P: f) S# M( b# I
3 Z0 U6 E0 ^/ e# U$ H' W$ M, j# {* K0 |3)If you play with fire, you get burnt.
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正如西方谚语所说:Fire is a good servant but a bad master.
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$ Q/ i# C( {( Y T火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。所谓“玩火者必自慰”,铤而走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。 + X; p* L. ]* r, H8 R' m' v2 q
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eg: The abuse of power has sent many people into jail, which shows that playing with fire could get you burnt.
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% a( b f& a8 _) @; i* M" F+ ?4)Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold. 4 T2 b' R- C6 p$ X
3 i# E' i+ o0 x; @" t( a+ v很形象的一句谚语。所有的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独revenge是个例外。“君子报仇,十年未晚。” , o: h; H: E8 X+ t
" o. f& ?, B$ d" {+ M* n3 ~eg: He has done serious wrong to his friends. You just wait and see. They will not let him go scot-free. Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.
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5 Y: s) v h& D6 X+ q' P, D5)There is no smoke without fire.
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6 T. k7 ~* s) ^; k无风不起浪,有水才行船。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,“流言”的兴起有时也不完全是无中生有。虽然说是“坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠”(相似的西谚是“Do right and fear no man。”),但风起于青萍之末,一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。 ( Q: N* | p- L; ^
5 {/ h! ]5 X& u' V) veg: "No smoke without fire," said the detective.
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8 d/ `" S, N4 W# F2 t"Smoke signals can be misread," countered Sloan. 5 }! P9 Y. f0 r9 d8 S
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6)Every dog has its day. 4 m! O8 t3 e! S: n" O
* F* ^/ O9 H- ? P$ n这里的day,是指opportunities, 即成功的机会;而dog 则泛指那些地位低下、似乎没有出息的人。“士别三日,当刮目相看”,落魄的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。
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n* O$ H# o- l: i. d3 c* y+ z! ?(又作All dogs have their days。)
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3 E3 Q) y: q* N9 \* Leg: You must not look down upon him. Though poor and gloomy. he could turn out to be outstanding one day. As the saying goes, every dog has its day. " ^" c* H8 r1 ]% Y; I
9 G; ~0 X5 a. G8 E# k% ?" O' @7)If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. 0 s! J+ R! s7 h% ?
2 _- D# t6 ^0 _' M2 P这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”。 在这条英文谚语中体现出来的只是“近墨者黑”的一面。虽然中文里还有成语“出污泥而不染”一说,但环境对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。 $ |2 }7 Y% y E; W" x+ ^0 p
2 k$ [: ^7 A/ {e。g。 -Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been?
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! c1 f3 G% {* A; {9 F/ p-Just to a friend’s. m7 d4 }& a s: N# d
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-To a friend’s? Just for a glass of liquor, huh? You’re going to be drowned in liquor, I’d say! If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up to find yourself with millions of fleas!
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8)It is easy to find a stick to beat a dog.
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人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞?
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eg: -Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?
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-No. What for? , Y; }, k; J- V4 Y& q8 ~4 E% h
0 U6 D8 d) A: f7 o-Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s.
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/ {# ^# D) s$ Q1 p, ]0 S-Yeah, but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong, has he?
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+ O8 t( d7 u& @$ A: `0 |-Well, boss is boss。 It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog. 6 e. ~% J' A# P) o J8 k
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9)You can’t teach old dogs new tricks. 3 [2 r( U" C* W m& U) |: `1 v
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这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。 9 J& r- M- K3 f5 r/ V3 c
* V, o& |- b+ d* x, ]3 [) K" B% oeg: Don’t forget Wang is already 80. At his age, you can’t expect him to learn the tap dance. You can’t teach old dogs new tricks, you know.
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从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,如,lucky dog(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚语和成语都是贬义的,如“狗改不了吃屎”、“挂羊头卖狗肉”、“狗仗人势”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等。当然,英文中dog一词有时也带有贬义,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用时切忌望文生义。如,It is a dog’s life Chris is leading。 某位教授认为“a dog’s life”的意思是“悲惨的生活”,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成“过着牛马不如的生活”。其实“a dog’s life”指的是“争吵不休,过着不安宁的日子”。这类成语很多,如go to the dogs(每况愈下),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如dog days(大热天),doggy bag(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明说要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫doggy bag.
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- D& Z+ [# q) J# Z# I上面四条西方谚语都可以在汉语中找到相似的表达,但下面两条却全然不同了。
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4 P. S& r5 R" X: `/ p10)Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
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“闪电从不打同一个地方”,与我们说的“福无双至,祸不单行”恰恰相反,这也是差异的一个有趣的体现。 ; M5 V7 D5 |3 r& v5 g2 [5 j+ j
6 f* h7 _" `& N& j4 Deg: -How were your exams? All over?
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-I really don’t know. I did rather poorly last time. I hope I’ll do better this time. . M& K. J1 C* ~ I" A
! u0 M C' A; u T2 B-Come on, don’t worry about it。 You are sure to pass。 As the saying goes, lightening never strikes the same place twice. 5 O( w# M A* P9 Q* N
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11)One swallow does not make a summer.
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+ H1 c" L! k1 L' nswallow 是燕子。西谚说,一只燕子飞来不能代表夏天的来临。而中国成语却说, 一叶知秋。两种说法各有其智慧。“One swallow does not make a summer”强调的是要区别一般性与特殊性的辩证哲理; 而“一叶知秋”体现的则是从细微的端倪窥见总体趋势的睿智。 ; G: T' l' M- N6 Y% R" r- q) z
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eg: -Hey, look! The scores are already 2:1!Liverpool is sure to win, I bet!
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-I don’t think so. One swallow does not make a summer. Miracles always happen the last minute. |
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