 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, f- |1 P' r+ ]3 q0 }" g/ E
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
5 X8 p. Z% `/ i9 a, g% g0 o% csyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," W5 z% u' g% A1 E- u* j
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 @3 D0 M" b7 b: l; x6 a
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of' I/ m7 D( ?' V B
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; f" f' n2 P+ ^7 i6 v& ?A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: D7 E/ [6 a! ?7 l+ e1 N( u
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
% Q4 W: ?& R2 e(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
6 N9 |9 L" I9 U( i fretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
" x! i% h+ k0 H5 a) y' Ypossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
( O3 o. @1 I# |(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
+ m @3 T* s% ?" r7 ?$ {; fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ T; k( e2 b+ H9 Q+ s! Wsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 b, ?- a( b8 M& Kend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( _9 E. ? S) K. @. A3 ]8 ~: L
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ V5 z1 `) l' D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ Z5 y; r( o) Y7 w7 V. b
2 H) F$ w9 c- t5 W$ ^(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
% m( m' A, t3 Qand American speakers of English, |
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