 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
7 Z; }7 k! b. Z z* N# d }1 ^Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 m5 [& c( L% p9 L
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
% [0 v* y* r" |and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. k: a( ^6 U5 @0 `(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 u, g4 Z4 i+ b1 \' k
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).3 t f/ w+ g# y! Q$ V
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& i8 E6 W+ N( q* j3 G[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 J5 Y5 V- s+ \2 y4 Y" A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
0 N ]: E2 W2 a* Tretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 v+ T8 }: T/ Z5 }possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) n4 s# s# D$ C2 v(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) u7 F" c" n$ w7 E# Q& S* k, T
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
* I- o' x! X, H) \semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.+ v3 J8 u3 {9 }
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& B( @; j5 o# D: [7 o
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- k! p+ |5 m" U4 W: j) @; U
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ ~$ S( r+ v0 q+ m
! O1 G3 e( }. ?- k) i$ v
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 G7 C0 k1 h E, w" b* H1 z- G7 A3 F: dand American speakers of English, |
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