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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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! v Z" b0 G) k( d7 q% i5 O( ]: d1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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- r* z* w% n4 m* Y8 s1 H. eWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)$ ]9 N) q! g$ k3 y- l
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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% b7 s1 E% |6 v" {/ a7 o/ {It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) * t# l7 X6 R* g1 t
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译): N, O7 }; R1 y7 x
9 m' {: l$ M6 k4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)) y8 a% d2 R( {! b# w; o4 I
/ {7 {4 v, D; o6 y8 m+ S* G/ R }5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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% U/ ?4 F4 j) d: YMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)2 @5 k; [) {7 L! A, @% h( s! Q
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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1 G! R) P9 X; K% {. \0 ~9 WBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)0 t* ?7 q8 ~9 ]. K, Y& ^# l
/ z6 r3 g, \0 T' cYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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( _. l/ `' C( ?such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)& E o+ o$ z; N: _4 p6 _
" Q/ J/ J% a1 m9 j! v% { T/ @8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)* d; X& ], u" |" k
! h: h E2 z' L8 Y3 w! P0 j6 o1 {- mMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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4 h! \* E G4 i然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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. o1 V" L" y6 I" y9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。 d: z+ i5 G$ u$ P, @
2 r0 E& ^* ]3 uYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.( g9 v# j5 B8 W7 z' G# ~
8 `& V* Z V) q% V* T) c, m& [不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:/ i- Z/ P! j7 N9 V1 j8 f
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?* }/ t$ C0 H( E) N9 G) ~
! f/ q3 e2 F6 q7 J+ v" o4 uThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems# B2 B6 R" M! \; @
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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