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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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# l. G% L: f0 M2 m1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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* }$ K9 f; A$ D6 ]* EWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)/ H: {3 T/ U) X% t, Y
' f/ j1 O6 ^. o2 c5 ]) O) m$ _- F2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) 0 A! Q5 p6 [! ?
, j- w. Z2 B3 R1 x/ EIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) . H7 I1 j' [/ j( ~0 j0 ?
/ _# ]1 t T0 J- i- b/ ^3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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# u& s+ t) K" ^Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)$ M* U; G! @7 J
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) ( L Y9 M6 `6 J d
5 h! g5 t) n( Q4 U7 V6 wShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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8 ^( G% a/ O* n& P6 O5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)# `. F* d E; t0 W S: C5 b9 J+ r
- Z' D- @7 `- b- C8 v/ gMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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2 B2 U8 V8 U# O5 I8 S" e6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》) q- z" n) o. f
+ G5 K; t3 T# a! o* IBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me* n: r: O9 x3 _- W6 \/ ]
& H: u8 p* _ G2 ]* Y! Lsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)& T& n9 ^8 P5 H! T! Z
% M# C/ C/ b& `; M0 aMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love. z6 Z7 {0 E+ b2 v& O/ b
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译) t7 H! G* m% M5 ]
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:+ n* n8 C% m; R6 d* L0 X
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.1 ]8 @7 P& ~$ Z, g) `
5 [7 Q9 D U4 j不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说: F( w4 E W: t9 t" t( I4 m
7 i& z# p O! |7 |+ }2 j0 {11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?0 ^& Q: Y U' h. D! D5 @) t0 P
/ q: V$ C- ^- C2 R: WThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems7 I$ }: a$ K' Z
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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