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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
# N' m' ^0 w) CLet n >1 be an integer ( E! p* G! L. O" c9 v
Basis: (n=2)' _1 p0 Q {* \3 y) D9 a
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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! b" w J' ^7 x4 m% ^Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
# x: }" H) P& m K^3 – K can by divided by 3.3 i/ x( F t2 F9 D/ i6 Y$ j; B% i
4 `8 Y; J) |& WNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
: I! Q' G% m# ^" Ssince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
$ s5 y( _ @, b7 n4 W) R' p' QThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1). c9 F' y( |6 z4 a. L
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K5 P+ Q7 G8 u, `# k& f
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
& k" K+ |2 Z( N" H! J8 O = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)0 T# q- c, J" d- w- U6 R7 F( _
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
! E; H: |0 X: X. M! uSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)" l! P7 A* H/ i
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)# p, i5 F+ K$ H J* I, I: D
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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3 A7 D7 t9 ^3 X[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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