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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: , X _8 B/ J; r1 a) X7 N6 s
Let n >1 be an integer
* L% j% J+ t, Z' {Basis: (n=2)9 G! n1 z0 U' B# b$ ~
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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2 b% {, o' T" E) |Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that% ~2 A. I5 Z; ?9 [( N! l
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.+ c1 ~" T+ r3 r0 D3 n# \2 K
. N6 d4 f1 X1 E2 HNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
" M; v* H: a% Rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
6 `( V7 H0 _) I# i1 y6 u: `Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
& A. R+ f( v5 K% j K = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
" _3 Y' t: b- d) n" n. U+ O- K K. d = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)9 ^% k7 V) b U0 o$ [ P
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
, p& ], k6 {7 d% gby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
+ q( m% B$ `( C PSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 S8 s# X4 A( N- i- P: @1 S8 T = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 p. l; s1 L( z+ k7 d8 q% u6 j
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3* @/ O. s T5 d" J
p# I9 c9 ~7 N+ u
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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