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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688* |3 ?" u4 I: ~+ ]: G, |
/ a7 k( P- H8 j( RJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
+ r1 t3 a' a1 ^* JYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
0 I% t+ Z3 G8 y0 Z, \Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ g7 Q; U# v% S0 J5 E3 y, r& u
% `* T; z% e( q8 m! V; {LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of9 O& T: u X! ?+ q, Q( {
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.- u6 T% d; C8 @- }& v" c; b
8 L$ h$ I* M4 D5 `/ f* T
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
3 X- Q: M o. ]2 K/ uReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
, E2 p/ b% f o) B0 `) QPublished online 26 January 2018
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2 u' s) e* E! Y+ \( t7 AAbstract
+ v! o" v+ O3 j r8 L5 q: wJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
* ?6 w! s ~9 n4 D; D# HDynasty who came to China and was employed by The* B e) i e# D* {
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
" o/ I# h7 l) p: Q1 W- |: p8 o3 sengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not9 g7 \0 \0 c3 v! s1 D& d$ H6 w
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
6 T' l7 T. @0 Z) ~works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
# [$ r7 b0 O/ [; d' f. ^6 yto the standardization of the scientific terminology
6 C6 N" i! P! z+ ntranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s* k8 t& P4 O* v" g/ t
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
{) k1 @- [& U' Tand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
6 X {9 S5 S! |; N+ Q' }standardization of the scientific terminology translation
( U; s- q' L$ r+ }" w: y9 K& min Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
8 a7 \4 z" {1 J' ?, nhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
: r' c9 A, N* h3 lof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
- Y0 t2 m" Y4 y# M# N) U! tthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way3 l- Z7 N4 }; U! f
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
) }, q9 |2 t) Q% ?3 [3 a2 p; t vthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a- V8 ~, n1 w$ Q7 ?6 V7 g; E
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific5 A9 _) [6 s5 p# |
terminology.; b+ c# k, Q) i0 ^: `; n) A# @2 `- X4 ]
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
W2 P+ I' w2 _1 y8 zStandardization of terminology translation
( i. W, T# ?9 A( l" ]5 ]9 W7 M) DYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
/ l+ Q& i. W5 _) jStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
$ b. k4 T* U( Z# E K" W2 {China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
# p7 x- ?6 {! y; @+ E+ Zfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102135 Z5 ]' z% c3 P# ^# c+ f% S8 J
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102130 ^# _$ a% V" U4 _5 B
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. H- l% A b% K9 W1 AINTRODUCTION7 Y: a4 i% o) {0 v; t, Q: w2 T7 D
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
& o; q( v( R5 oa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
1 D: U7 i3 Q- I% [# y9 oDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
4 e4 E$ \% ?( X* w0 U: ?( iHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
1 w3 A! j( W' R7 d$ eSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
( I, e1 {5 V! B& q) Uby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as3 j0 ~3 z- c; G2 X+ b9 }1 \& j
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
7 n+ L' K. }8 R4 s# [his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818- ?% {- t$ X: T* ^* O, [
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
! ?% l3 k4 x. `6 g4 u/ vworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,$ T5 A/ ?, T8 W
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.* s5 w; A) }( @3 `' ^2 g4 B& h# X
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
) c' a4 H' ]& f2 I" vto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
/ l5 P( E6 b1 ?& }9 y( qwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,' \& s$ w1 }; m/ K7 ]
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
# d0 ]; A) q3 `7 K( [8 OFryer translated more than one hundred of Western9 U% ~- Q8 f: _ a" `
books that made him the most productive one among the
, i6 D' M/ q# K- l; P% f+ qforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
" | E9 k! b- J8 q8 Htranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
2 c0 E) u) u5 p6 u1 ~$ P F$ @; Gnoble work which could help accelerate the process of3 C% s; ]5 k% k) J, z0 f& u4 L
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).- i2 k5 m' E2 Y/ `) f6 v
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer- h1 A+ {& A& {: d# d# v5 V6 X
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
5 n! u# [4 _, D) zscience and the standardization of translated scientific
5 K6 @* N6 K3 s. J jterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific: W4 z o, W! L7 A
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the* @ S; p% L. t7 Q0 T9 a8 ^
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
0 a8 p% m. s% mcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series" A, O- Q* E% b( U: Q
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in! ]1 H3 f, ]+ W% S5 N! L+ g% K
Modern China.2 @7 A5 N" Z5 c+ d) v
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
# @$ P+ u* h7 w: bThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
" ?# v8 l5 m3 n( dtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing9 ~) L% w$ W8 V, `! X* T
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In0 u$ e' o/ n' e+ A: H; S/ u+ O h
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
# _# k- o- Y6 Y: [+ I; J R4 nTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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