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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106888 s5 e8 A! ]) V# j
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
4 C9 b8 \: `7 i4 C) bYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
0 Q! r4 K, q# i& I1 AFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China." S; ^1 p% H4 B( h! z" e
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) J9 h. R7 Y/ z. n/ PFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ y6 R- ^5 s$ }% X
l ?9 U1 L; X- PSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .4 U: a/ }: Y" C; {4 L1 } h
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018. U# n$ c- G5 z- Z* d
Published online 26 January 20189 ?1 R. T. ~5 c- C; r, ?! y
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0 ~ J0 \ l' q9 V, I/ Y4 A/ ~Abstract
8 n) A$ g7 J& D+ IJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing. y% y; d% ?2 L/ ?/ E: `
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The* g: z p; A' r* j6 Y
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been0 q7 P+ P0 y2 \( B5 K( U, r& A
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not$ X5 L9 R4 u c2 M6 y
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific# W/ z! d' J4 K D; n
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
+ l4 E- K; i3 h, q/ j' _1 {2 Wto the standardization of the scientific terminology
' n6 x1 _- Y& o8 E2 }translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
. n4 ~" C- ]9 ` o; lscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,; p1 {/ ^; g6 w4 S3 a
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the5 M8 c: v: i4 @9 S. ~) u
standardization of the scientific terminology translation& p3 D4 T/ d# B' ?/ J
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
9 j+ Y) p+ W- s8 T7 J6 g2 `2 Mhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
- \' ?' r/ @! u# k, S7 r& Z) Vof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring* E8 K: M$ E! ?- J# J; x
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way; g7 E n+ |2 B3 ]( ~
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and4 }8 X" k2 R3 L8 H
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a) V' S4 D: B+ p8 n4 ]' Y
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
' Y' j- s) P( O1 ?# z. A1 o) Iterminology.
9 N/ {5 q7 M8 f& hKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
+ W: C: ?0 F" A1 n( J, a! MStandardization of terminology translation5 r* z! H, \( L+ v4 x8 O- O* X
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to, a4 E% R4 Z2 S2 b: K& K/ ~6 i. P
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern$ C- z; E& P+ Q# o3 H
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available* a& I3 J: ~# O9 {& |: l' w
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102135 G3 m, M; u4 P
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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& D9 x: D* Z- }$ }8 ?' H& xINTRODUCTION
/ G) E: | b# s! WJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and, f3 ~7 o) Y3 S7 g9 d
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
! C# v9 ?& e: H* t0 x& \Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
; i l, v$ S6 ^+ J$ |9 ~7 o' hHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
; _- X9 D" {/ _: S |7 R& h3 J) L/ ASt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed0 d" l* K$ \) U, p7 ?( M8 P
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as. U: B/ w4 g8 K$ A- g
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
6 L6 F1 q" }/ C! c' O- ^8 ]0 U3 Hhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-) @+ I3 M T" ^* e% W& B
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 C- L( Z6 H9 e2 q+ aworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,( y! Y" O4 I7 L
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction." s: E6 _4 I+ P% J# V
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated9 ^1 v; _+ t. F0 Z# R
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
+ m+ Y0 |5 {6 t; u6 U6 [would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
* P9 y8 T! W& r7 Hrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,1 M( v+ ?1 V% [5 D8 y3 a9 H
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western# Q8 t" P: G I7 X; y2 V1 X
books that made him the most productive one among the! X) y9 ?; J, J, j" z
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
: J1 F1 W$ T9 S- `translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
/ D L: R! e- i0 k" Mnoble work which could help accelerate the process of; j# X X. [% L& e% J
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).4 H% S( ^5 g7 q& V3 C; P* b
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer; o: X( B' l2 v( V) o# q. j; y
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western0 }( m, Y% H: `) a
science and the standardization of translated scientific
* d7 ~# U' r1 w1 h! R& i9 pterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
" A) b8 A8 n, p9 w' M0 O* J9 xmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the. T$ n( @! \5 G: `
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
: n, v. k. R% I3 t8 P) xcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
6 p! Y$ t- k7 T; V$ A; i1 I8 Bof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in. P8 W0 D; I) L
Modern China.- u0 a, _0 p( [8 S+ R( ~. i, b
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published( W" |8 q0 t' H! L6 n* z
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
5 h! ^1 y+ ^) O! Qtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing6 W( B6 }2 Y' y8 w& z, S$ N
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In6 Y w, E& _0 {/ O
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and7 O0 J- L/ l+ A- Q7 y% u8 M1 c
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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