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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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) a/ q) D! e9 O9 AJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China- e. I1 j& C7 T: h
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of t+ M; Q x+ ^: x5 ~ Y- |' O, Z# u
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.( \1 u f3 A. H0 q# U6 X) m
: y: x S) t3 bLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
# K9 J7 w% \# ~1 VFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .5 W- V# U0 g4 K% l
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
+ i3 F" R8 ?0 q% \( _) ?Published online 26 January 2018+ ]6 r5 H: _8 W
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Abstract
+ c. q w/ k* FJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing3 n) f3 z7 i% a# |# c9 w5 N: P
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
' K/ i+ J, q6 n2 P6 `Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been4 U y9 u$ D* X) F ~0 U! ^
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
9 @' F# l1 o3 a# lonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific F& O* |$ t1 ^. e' y
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
2 r, Y3 W. D, ]0 d) rto the standardization of the scientific terminology) u3 M4 A" D3 a' _1 |1 [* r
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
7 v2 U% ~& n! Y3 [9 T; Q8 M& q2 Kscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
( f' \1 l4 n( o1 v1 zand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
( r: W: X- R0 istandardization of the scientific terminology translation/ \0 W# }! v0 }& F0 B( D# o+ t
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
- Y' p$ u B0 ^. s) `" Ohe established had helped greatly with the popularization) o# H% h; Y; o0 [& T
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring' n+ R) p F3 K9 c6 ~
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way4 A" D, w& w5 G9 T
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
% _1 a5 ^7 ~- J. C7 ~1 ?! hthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a% [; O$ h/ B2 T( Z [, @
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
8 c# |0 [4 M4 g2 kterminology.3 X# N+ l6 |7 l @1 k% p/ M$ }# G
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;7 _7 `/ }. F7 |( m2 m; ]* P* T
Standardization of terminology translation
, D+ k4 d6 h# G S# z0 L' u6 mYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to" C% P- g4 c' V* N% f
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern. A, r$ p1 B! s6 t8 D0 I
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available- o5 }# ~7 S& i& y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102132 C0 }! O5 L* W' c
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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. }& |; e1 g3 V$ t8 iINTRODUCTION, G+ M( A) j8 t' B3 W
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
7 ^ k8 {7 l* Y1 ga great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
( p1 {, R" J0 u2 q8 g% uDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
4 a1 C+ v/ q3 [0 @Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of# J; _! y7 X3 K( B
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed7 Y, M1 p" D+ p' ?
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as- f2 A( ~7 {+ d. s7 y: [+ y
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
# p% z4 w9 \ N# Y. lhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
8 v/ @" j1 f* u* G7 j. v. E5 K1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific6 B' o+ P# @/ j- K" L0 t
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
5 B5 H( _, s- [* Z pFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
0 ^5 I* u- N1 m! A' f8 sNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
6 I& }/ f' e4 }$ w4 Y- L# uto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant0 B0 c; Z( E8 B8 m. Y" x
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,2 I. d) g1 }/ ]; V: p
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
4 n/ O. _2 L- K# B9 uFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
1 K0 ]- v- b9 _books that made him the most productive one among the/ ]* w/ X5 w% w% B$ |) k4 Q
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,; W8 \8 E/ M' u* r
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
" W: g% ?% U% ~6 h" Y; pnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
7 y7 Q ~5 n* Y n6 Xpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).! H3 f' j" A/ m4 A7 D" p. v
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer7 A, s4 _" p6 c' [
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western% `! X1 k* ^) }4 q0 G
science and the standardization of translated scientific1 K' i) c% ]% V
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
o: x0 Z6 N& a }magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the1 ?- c' ^# o' F4 Q4 s9 \: W M
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another1 {3 u, M. A, m0 X
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
# q3 T/ }. K; m: L, Y9 g' O8 d; ]of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
7 F$ d. R r3 g" q( YModern China.
$ {! |4 x) z4 ]+ _An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
" s: B- N+ F6 M8 Y5 u `The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
; v; k# {# d" X& |2 w$ U% ?/ dtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing7 p( r K5 a4 E2 t/ Z% U6 v- k
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
3 `! d8 F1 ^8 fJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
! d( c- S& d; D1 F3 V' C8 K; nTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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