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How to figure a home's fundamental value/ d2 U0 k5 {. L. A& g" K
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.9 Z7 O, U, P5 q. T, x
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.2 N& @2 y8 C# c/ [" w2 ^
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.& T) n6 O: _# C- ~% {
& ^) G7 x# G" ?To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.# t& K( r9 e- c
- \) C6 O4 R I7 \San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.% {- K$ R& u% _! R
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.4 e* I" \5 \& }8 Y
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
& Q; V/ ]. u$ x, i7 zYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. " T/ q0 ], i+ |, ~( i2 A
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.' M7 z/ i$ R& a" ^% ]
1 U* i$ g5 F; T, V" w9 I* A Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 4 o; b0 _4 d, N& u6 M$ O
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 1 B4 y8 A0 V. S: I. E
Boston 20.5 30.2 K6 f* {9 V3 x# A
San Diego 22.8 29.7 4 I+ T+ u8 q' k* z* M/ t: L
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 + v4 {% O5 c! U6 X6 M
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 7 d! J4 r. X$ ?1 ~, I5 A) e1 A3 I
Seattle 20.4 25
* q* C. `$ J" JDenver 17.7 23.7
) u* i# K( x5 XNew York 21.2 22.5 , J) v" G. W" l5 C
Chicago 17.2 20.8
* L) y! }0 r9 J/ N$ ^; ~ U3 Y1 ?2 EWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.4 b5 @+ x6 w3 H, ?4 E0 V2 j
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( }7 `% J3 `/ l; L* S$ s) x. jFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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