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How to figure a home's fundamental value
3 t, G& H5 e# r2 N5 X) u* jLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.5 c1 m+ N/ O X5 Q" i$ B2 M
3 ~! v5 b p* @1 n w/ \Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.# r$ a! W: R3 H
I5 ~2 {/ U) j1 ]Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:9 M2 V9 _ _0 B$ L; v0 F) B
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, l5 ]1 i% K- U$ b& [In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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D- g6 b" ^; ]( CSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
, m& o' p( \. v' ~/ YSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.' e) J. X+ O, [5 l3 J$ S' U' \
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.) H e1 m9 v( T
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ! d5 y+ X" S b: l* d$ Y
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming., |! D2 b( b. [- W7 Y
2 u1 Z: x# `, B) y/ V+ s+ k& q, TIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.$ Q1 _5 O6 |( M
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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% l0 U! v- E, x3 v7 B6 TBoston 20.5 30.2
6 }, ^/ Q) h* o8 e# BSan Diego 22.8 29.7 ! s b2 _& X, C9 b; N
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
1 s. Q9 L4 `$ Z7 @) T0 g1 G9 XLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
6 c. j+ f. N) ]Seattle 20.4 25 0 p- F4 b( B) W- e! o% |
Denver 17.7 23.7
0 {5 Z5 t, ]+ X& y* d yNew York 21.2 22.5 ( i$ p. k' o' x) }/ C3 G
Chicago 17.2 20.8 & s0 o/ Q& }9 u @6 ?
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 & ?9 P. }) t# d- x/ y
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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