 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 L7 U. e4 Z/ U- A; ]# i- w* K$ VFormal Statements4 T% t5 L" U" F
1. Public Speeches) p0 O e: m7 S& M
2. Letters of opposition or support+ X* `; b- ^1 E0 [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) `% {: K' p" P: @8 O4 _
4. Signed public statements( H8 j" J! u0 e Q3 k0 x$ D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 @( D# D* j" h& J
6. Group or mass petitions
4 g) Q+ f2 J% S! W% S* w' p( `5 _
$ b! ^: t; p8 ]6 N- t, xCommunications with a Wider Audience2 U M) E' U, @6 l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 A8 O. F$ w' T$ K5 m1 \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. J; K* B3 j: D
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% E1 Y4 a6 A. S: V
10. Newspapers and journals
. M2 O: f6 a2 j5 q 11. Records, radio, and television9 r5 V$ d) \/ a; Z5 k2 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting! n* o% }+ m: v6 P5 i
" g, h* u/ M: ~" z& P- q5 YGroup Representations: d e, N* C' R6 O; I3 H
13. Deputations
m8 T! G# x7 g6 b/ ]& j 14. Mock awards _4 s0 t5 m: m! t) d
15. Group lobbying
' F) X8 @( q0 |( I& F 16. Picketing! v. z* \! ^. q, b: [
17. Mock elections
0 s, \$ j3 {. N( _- v# K3 w
0 \1 g, O1 c9 k9 N1 y J0 Y+ F SSymbolic Public Acts
" }# w4 w2 e7 ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 s9 b5 r% @0 L; N7 c& V* ]
19. Wearing of symbols6 i: k$ Q# v0 ^0 F) E
20. Prayer and worship# h- Z" ~8 n& N4 `
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ A3 P, B( Q8 y( M( P
22. Protest disrobings
6 e- i$ K, i# R1 C6 G0 y$ n- c 23. Destruction of own property$ E6 M' [) b* M1 \/ |
24. Symbolic lights
, O0 O$ {- l) _* k* N 25. Displays of portraits; t- ~) d) T& y0 }& ^
26. Paint as protest
5 e. Z- \7 b2 F. y2 x) A 27. New signs and names
M2 Q' h+ L8 v 28. Symbolic sounds& D5 Z- O6 O$ k% x: W! h/ n5 N
29. Symbolic reclamations# } h5 f% [4 B
30. Rude gestures
. V" a* X3 k0 p+ B4 j! }( o P4 i
Pressures on Individuals0 l k0 Y8 |, C7 R- k5 |) s
31. “Haunting” officials
8 y: L) r) v ~* k0 j' O6 N0 i7 V 32. Taunting officials
! W+ \) V5 x8 Q( T4 C8 K* d 33. Fraternization+ M& b& V" F9 s" P
34. Vigils3 |- B9 K6 e9 x5 L# H
! F, Z0 d U* l9 \7 F( ^7 }
Drama and Music6 k" l4 `' C8 G ~/ O2 Y1 k7 \
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 h7 p3 i. H! m; I" ^; Q9 s 36. Performances of plays and music
1 w2 r( T/ f! u) z& J) V% i# Z 37. Singing5 Y5 m9 `& Y, l( j$ a# |, ]/ A9 g
* h" h! [. { t0 C8 s
Processions
' N3 o8 X4 {5 s, h+ L9 } 38. Marches- C% ?3 ?/ s( S/ u3 D- G4 i
39. Parades4 s, [3 d: z" p, s, E
40. Religious processions
H# p* x+ e5 w/ [ 41. Pilgrimages
- C9 w1 I$ T2 ?( V4 H6 f 42. Motorcades
/ M' \% z5 P X4 [. s
. X# @* M- K$ WHonoring the Dead
! N. O0 ?4 X& F+ Q! _+ @' l, s 43. Political mourning
/ X. ]! D6 x' w# n. S$ j 44. Mock funerals
: o7 ~: r! @5 x 45. Demonstrative funerals, `2 R1 y$ W- ^: x) l* z. b
46. Homage at burial places
) p5 T) j5 @/ i9 u7 }
( \. E3 P+ F5 [( Y4 W* Z2 T9 d$ w2 OPublic Assemblies
m- A9 v2 P# M) u8 V6 ^3 a 47. Assemblies of protest or support9 D* L& ~/ q+ `7 p0 n
48. Protest meetings
, u5 ]! f1 w% K7 c1 B 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 w1 o) y _+ n$ ~
50. Teach-ins5 _* n; v& F: e% ~' m5 c3 D
$ V W, V" n3 \ Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 h9 \/ z, p5 m
51. Walk-outs) V* I5 C1 T X3 [7 ]3 A
52. Silence
( w9 k/ { Q, j" U( T 53. Renouncing honors3 } ]1 k0 m4 e7 h9 e5 r* w
54. Turning one’s back
* u8 E3 @3 l9 g
2 p( i9 R c* v! m
& M: h7 Y' ^! {( |$ e# G/ q( P+ q- y" r7 @! X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 J# U2 F) f0 W m- j% l
+ s9 D$ P- Z# N/ U# n
6 z) R: v V$ o6 A" ]3 D# o* @
, F! E" l1 ?, M/ v( d4 S% UOstracism of Persons
) g- w, \/ { N; P @ 55. Social boycott
1 U8 X+ d2 D3 |+ ?4 N 56. Selective social boycott$ k" V c( j4 o7 H: ?
57. Lysistratic nonaction H' J) n% `! M' |4 G; N% o: S
58. Excommunication# g# t: }/ e. g6 ^
59. Interdict. b9 ~7 d1 e9 Z3 |3 G" x! J. Q
& L% w( Z+ b+ W& f( r b5 nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. H1 }2 x3 d( | U; J% Z, V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% E* x' r; Y# E. Z% H2 W
61. Boycott of social affairs
) _7 J# ~0 s3 b8 ^' G9 }" ~( M 62. Student strike5 N6 p# t) e6 ]7 a1 q
63. Social disobedience0 a% h0 i2 M1 q7 j* A0 r l
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. U3 Y1 M0 g4 S& f
* y1 n4 {5 I! \% M7 W' N; W0 ~Withdrawal from the Social System9 V& E- H6 V: L( p
65. Stay-at-home
' @2 }, K) V3 d$ f1 l 66. Total personal noncooperation8 H0 l3 B6 K, Q0 ]8 ]) N
67. “Flight” of workers
6 l5 X$ U! E. D) W1 q: k! x 68. Sanctuary2 r0 P: ^6 B5 D- W8 F4 U. r5 s
69. Collective disappearance, [. M* P6 o. k- Q5 e* h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 x( ^; P: K% D5 {5 @) b S1 z- I6 L) L; i- N- T
! D3 X0 f, e, H. A: u6 Q
/ D* y# X( T. i' c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 R5 a Y- j& |. G% R& o) z
5 d" S3 i, t" L& M8 x6 h5 H7 k
7 Q- C9 j6 x M& t/ W0 ZActions by Consumers
1 P% Z0 | `9 {" [) J 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 P1 o% C7 T: c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 k* |4 G8 }7 H' ~+ ]& a
73. Policy of austerity$ ^" }( G% u, Q5 @$ _. F
74. Rent withholding5 g6 s2 b1 p3 o y' w1 \2 v
75. Refusal to rent( }7 v7 I% m4 @5 p9 N: Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 n) W+ ]' ?4 ] 77. International consumers’ boycott$ w8 }/ u( X) ?7 X4 Q8 e
5 I4 N# x1 A# Y, \" YAction by Workers and Producers. e( S# q2 }1 T: h. |, \
78. Workmen’s boycott# L, w) q6 Y& V( s
79. Producers’ boycott
3 y2 v9 u" K( c+ p7 y9 O3 t4 g% S* k8 Q N c0 S% s
Action by Middlemen
" t0 Z, }$ B3 V2 H1 G7 g4 [, b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 W5 e& {# u, C9 T0 Q1 Y5 [
8 \, `9 p i6 I! a# }Action by Owners and Management
0 V) N, A7 E' b7 y 81. Traders’ boycott
: }, }; w1 L+ t4 T" B8 c8 o 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 j! u: y8 G" s
83. Lockout/ S1 h6 W- M1 V' ?' Q! S _3 ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ e4 {' w& M% x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; o4 O7 U( u9 w: K% p, J3 S! s% \/ A6 X/ |' e/ U6 `' E8 G
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
o' Y! y% R6 r" I7 C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! O: F5 y2 T3 m+ m! O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 Z* @/ W6 [/ e. J' L7 B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. O/ t, ^; h$ V 89. Severance of funds and credit0 L% V$ F7 J* a) _% U
90. Revenue refusal
, w) i7 `0 g ^ m" i 91. Refusal of a government’s money# F6 n+ Q/ m% z" G, R8 \
5 L8 x( ?5 p2 v. `1 ]6 W9 R9 ]6 v
Action by Governments
" X, [# e9 j. ~) |! l 92. Domestic embargo, G% |4 e; e" M. o: c1 N* Z7 ~
93. Blacklisting of traders; L( n L7 Q/ R% E
94. International sellers’ embargo0 ^( {7 R9 F3 D' X/ [
95. International buyers’ embargo7 y; F" P. Y. h, q+ Q2 X1 S p( O
96. International trade embargo
- R5 j i4 I& t6 `5 q) y# M7 ?* {% u3 V
8 H& ]' w& F ~
" V" L1 z" I' E+ a0 q) d2 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
{+ h2 J2 ?$ F, R o# i Z
& f) p/ F- _& j2 V% L
+ M6 ], H4 V9 ?, B+ fSymbolic Strikes$ f* ?+ F0 f( K$ k
97. Protest strike) d! G6 ^2 ?3 t& x* P8 ?' p0 J# }
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) x) ]( }# ^$ E6 B+ \9 _7 k
/ a; \5 L" S/ y5 T R, j/ N2 W
Agricultural Strikes% I& V* S5 D+ X8 ^: X) ?4 [
99. Peasant strike6 e H% d; ~) s1 b) [. B
100. Farm Workers’ strike' n1 x" q7 j- U& b0 K' E( o7 n5 F
8 b& B, v$ j( e. }/ J# X! A
Strikes by Special Groups
; ~" I' W, V: K( l4 @9 V4 c 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 z: K1 Z9 e2 H3 B, G, b
102. Prisoners’ strike+ S5 {6 I1 V& u4 N! Y# O9 v
103. Craft strike
. W4 Y) b* A8 B3 k/ B 104. Professional strike
9 y9 Y: G9 l6 e/ Z, {0 f1 @0 M" `: G/ z& [+ A- n3 E+ h
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 _8 T: U/ E4 K- u' ~ 105. Establishment strike8 |7 C! Q' Z( x
106. Industry strike9 v, Y7 H* F) h
107. Sympathetic strike
1 B b% n% a7 G
. f8 B1 o) w k; c e+ |Restricted Strikes
( A9 y @$ _) g8 c1 \) }& f2 A( d 108. Detailed strike
( `5 l8 r8 x0 J- X X( L/ D 109. Bumper strike
$ X7 t, F3 G1 K# X8 Z 110. Slowdown strike" [! o8 t1 F% g* v3 i
111. Working-to-rule strike0 [; A( d' W: d$ ?! J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 \6 G+ \1 l1 B, F. q
113. Strike by resignation
4 H- D% v- R" b) ?) I% x 114. Limited strike
7 A+ N% ~% W( w, ^ 115. Selective strike
7 V- e( v& K, E% C% `* N) E! r. Y$ S. `$ @" N8 l" \
Multi-Industry Strikes
$ N" V5 a9 I; R# S+ C/ f
& B2 z& j; z v% W 116. Generalized strike1 g/ v2 K: a, K9 X5 {
9 W, @3 ]3 ~% o- Z) @4 z 117. General strike' W8 o: i* e/ W. ?" l; ~2 x2 o4 g+ G5 ~
" |0 n- B+ D; l' l0 Q+ nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ ^+ G. f. s) W) |7 ?' x1 A+ C- c) ^% s! f3 q8 H7 G
118. Hartal+ ]8 m0 d# D* c5 O6 L3 e
* F2 L& z! F6 `# q4 x 119. Economic shutdown
0 ]( s$ F! Y! G, w* T- w0 v4 F, n( s( \2 ]7 L+ F
2 W# @$ F9 x0 g4 C: g6 f" x; F
& h, X; m6 l1 r7 u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
& a3 n! H" q2 w& h
8 g: x) u/ V, {2 J- u
| t% h! V0 y" E$ \2 R; l- MRejection of Authority
" r# b) l# h$ S U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" n$ K. ~' m( g7 L5 `/ d 121. Refusal of public support
5 F) r: o9 E0 o2 x2 U! m 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% v* U. B% a4 N4 T- r
: R3 d, P0 ~4 q; c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, m' F5 }! C& s6 n/ ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ O( y. J: O$ l1 r, [" b! S/ V 124. Boycott of elections
0 q2 U. M6 p% J: r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* V0 _. a2 @6 x2 ?: n! k( n! e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* K, j5 H$ C3 u) c5 L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 d/ s% r9 Z# Y$ i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& d2 a; g8 ]: o6 r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# O% x0 V& B; m) E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 b) h% w- n; t
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. t9 v0 @$ R, m: z$ d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions i1 q6 k( c! F- f
/ I& K& C8 z# C: [% \1 YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, M0 a" A, m2 R# |, y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 y/ M* E' y$ R& P) D# c* v5 w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! \) {8 [4 G9 b 135. Popular nonobedience
! c6 Y- b- `& z v7 \+ W 136. Disguised disobedience3 K# f2 I7 ?$ U, c# z; P. Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& c# }3 K: N* W( ]' Z
138. Sitdown) P3 a4 |4 U$ u+ w8 y4 @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# y: _1 S: d- |! {0 ?
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 u; K& R; g3 w# W( q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ P$ ?/ O6 R- V9 C! \! B, H
' H' [2 u( {4 P* M y
Action by Government Personnel
8 e2 Z! ^* a0 I0 D A8 V 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. v2 a" R+ }1 n2 ?6 x' \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; _/ _9 C! s. B! \
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 q4 I+ p) W& u. x* W2 @* Z4 P; ^4 W 145. General administrative noncooperation. V. l1 j! @7 I, b
* I, {/ S1 c# @- n; A7 G" v 146. Judicial noncooperation
n' l, Y' ~9 V3 b) g. e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, I1 k5 P, \+ @3 v% ~5 P
148. Mutiny3 @$ a4 H9 X9 l) j6 W& ~8 b8 L' o. K7 _
Domestic Governmental Action4 s9 x4 B0 E8 N! i. Q% v" Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" E& c: t/ q8 b/ a/ J9 ^ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ k9 z/ M) @8 g/ u$ h( d3 ^# }8 Z0 i" h% E. d$ S# R
International Governmental Action( U( J* D0 m# c# }( e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 D1 k# q w' d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" _' U% d- _% J( n; ?. k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: h, L5 V$ p) u, j& c
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 p& h4 k8 Q. i3 `3 ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 ~4 ?2 o; h& F" k1 {, H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 s/ u/ i7 v0 G* [
157. Expulsion from international organizations% C' p7 \7 j6 _# \8 _% G
r1 ^. p; _- I; Z+ |% O8 |
, D" ?, D/ T0 D* n" w* C
& ^! _. D4 h3 Y4 PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) @- e3 N+ B% f, t( ]
& G. h. I& j: E- Y0 I+ I
+ G8 v9 |( N5 m8 n& ]$ z: sPsychological Intervention4 L9 Q; [' w U) |2 g" T4 x( h
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 T- B/ C/ B/ Y8 ]
159. The fast
. n- i$ I; M! R7 R8 n! e4 b a) Fast of moral pressure. g. w$ z. y$ k& L0 t
b) Hunger strike
& M) T) H& u. ? {) ]) u) M( h c) Satyagrahic fast
" o3 I, z2 p! L& o& }: v3 F 160. Reverse trial
2 f# p) _& X4 A' t( @+ z6 Y 161. Nonviolent harassment
: f9 n4 }9 |, ^9 h6 |4 W2 @( _0 U) y" n# s0 H9 I5 |0 i
Physical Intervention: l, F& w+ ^7 S, O4 i9 [
162. Sit-in' i1 b" Z* D6 i, y- U' f( o6 E
163. Stand-in
/ A1 [. o: b- \6 V3 ]3 E 164. Ride-in
" V8 J9 V* g' E h* | 165. Wade-in. T" z( C8 U, a7 E3 J
166. Mill-in
) Q0 { T+ N7 u: J) N, m 167. Pray-in& ~7 W6 A) p+ z3 M R( ^. Q
168. Nonviolent raids5 h! G @1 @) ~# w. q% O1 Q
169. Nonviolent air raids: Q7 e* {4 d7 j( c. y4 n
170. Nonviolent invasion( Q1 U; O0 {( I
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 [1 r }1 ?0 K% G 172. Nonviolent obstruction% d8 M: R+ n$ b% G/ w. x. L4 I
173. Nonviolent occupation& T$ y( ~- y; f9 a
6 A3 V4 r( Z; i" m$ m( ?Social Intervention
7 U* v7 C6 g2 t$ E c 174. Establishing new social patterns: b5 C" o( Q5 v0 l" Y! D5 X2 n
175. Overloading of facilities
J4 m/ o# K- l) C D 176. Stall-in
" l. R9 a% ~8 J6 D- j" @* n: X 177. Speak-in+ N9 [# h. e+ w
178. Guerrilla theater( H6 U: Z- ~/ a" P
179. Alternative social institutions8 |( Z# @( _; }- l9 @0 K
180. Alternative communication system/ H2 y4 P* I, G1 f- `" A* c
! [ W' x8 \3 C$ G0 `" y: vEconomic Intervention: z6 ?1 z% u5 B i# V# x( s8 l8 c! F
181. Reverse strike
+ E4 B) K+ A; F+ m2 x 182. Stay-in strike8 `! W8 m" J" {
183. Nonviolent land seizure* p( f+ F: d5 ]; C4 y
184. Defiance of blockades- U! s2 N5 L U8 q+ t# c8 n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( d. C6 H, | s" \3 {+ a8 e, u 186. Preclusive purchasing
. ]# ]8 @+ q& D 187. Seizure of assets; Q$ }3 w5 m9 @: P. X6 } Y8 ~
188. Dumping
4 y1 R6 G9 c9 ^6 z 189. Selective patronage4 y) ]& W9 Y8 J- ?% z3 r+ j
190. Alternative markets2 L' d. d( W0 b; ]! H
191. Alternative transportation systems' R$ i! F) L' Z- ]$ A0 V# O
192. Alternative economic institutions
$ p* m& [% C' ?4 @% s/ R4 l
& k" C$ g* c$ i# {* [Political Intervention. ?. \- L2 j) }( E$ P8 p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# M" S ^, K0 J0 |0 |! R5 P+ n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 u6 I6 |# ~0 Q
195. Seeking imprisonment" F0 x$ P" v% |8 z3 G% W) D
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 | }7 j! P! |) n* V
197. Work-on without collaboration8 T' y- |# H8 @" k% s5 ~, p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
4 M" P# Q+ H; A2 {
- H) U5 M; Z% c, N3 G; G4 Y) A- l |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
