 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! I( ?( z- p' q# V
Formal Statements
9 L# B4 @9 M9 R2 R; y: v 1. Public Speeches- @7 ?3 a0 Z! e6 P; J% R4 o
2. Letters of opposition or support
: g; _2 C% u! Z+ c# X4 m: n4 U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ ]7 U- M; O8 l6 _" K% m
4. Signed public statements
* \* m3 {4 D3 Y2 B6 x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 Y: m$ ^4 ?, K
6. Group or mass petitions
* A2 G X6 e& @4 L) u' P; P1 Y. A
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 k7 z/ D+ Q; j$ M1 c0 K 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- v& u! e5 b3 D4 p M( E. L" @6 w" o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* e6 i! ~& r& I* f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 Y& z0 t2 ?8 B1 K7 h
10. Newspapers and journals
( q' c( A9 ?" s7 Z 11. Records, radio, and television( i/ U& R2 L1 Z/ Q3 M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 K% h* C; j: F3 M& G+ k
' {, b j# p6 N! z" w$ r0 N: X
Group Representations$ Z7 u* J& ^ Z- z
13. Deputations' c* g1 j# c1 S& D0 l4 s9 V
14. Mock awards0 M* x+ ~( y5 m0 F/ F
15. Group lobbying
0 B" K: o1 T5 w; X3 E 16. Picketing- m( j. e$ u8 m
17. Mock elections' [ B, K, K6 Z. Z$ W. k! f
% t. A+ M* f( q2 X: f! w
Symbolic Public Acts
4 K. z+ C0 U) K$ M. ?( d: B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; W# I1 f$ {4 a6 C* _3 w
19. Wearing of symbols; K% E0 h' b6 c. Y! t6 G' N
20. Prayer and worship/ o8 P5 x& I; K% E9 y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' A+ t1 M- S' D 22. Protest disrobings8 y* G; q5 s: N
23. Destruction of own property
# e, u/ h2 a& @: j. ?: o2 \9 u 24. Symbolic lights
% z$ N3 x% r6 D7 N- h3 L9 @' ~ 25. Displays of portraits
9 m1 H o, S" W4 @ 26. Paint as protest
6 z2 a! M( w6 v- g7 ] 27. New signs and names+ {7 Y* [, j; t) A$ ~4 R
28. Symbolic sounds5 f1 i, A: A! i" L# M) Z
29. Symbolic reclamations" [! }. K6 ]# T; K, s
30. Rude gestures
$ [9 J$ k2 v1 D
: y: ?1 p% m5 w* a$ p+ v8 UPressures on Individuals! r6 F8 |8 x0 i
31. “Haunting” officials" K, c/ K4 b2 S3 n F% j% E4 Y9 S, I
32. Taunting officials( u# z; `7 X/ A1 l$ V
33. Fraternization
n+ D, V' h4 i7 [$ j( ~9 q! X 34. Vigils+ R1 y; L; O. C; i* c h
( V4 d+ _' ?; ?' O( M. M1 \
Drama and Music* ^" m$ c A5 A% Y- i5 p
35. Humorous skits and pranks- j4 {" W9 h# D: F3 h2 G9 M
36. Performances of plays and music
; |. C9 l5 S/ e+ k 37. Singing
5 \7 l3 B. s" @7 `7 ^+ c% r! }* _2 Z+ u7 Y( D" @) P0 t& R: ~. C' j: P
Processions% B! D! n$ W; `9 o1 c
38. Marches0 V' L& ]" `! ]8 t
39. Parades
% t0 i7 b" D' X4 N% U 40. Religious processions
9 ~7 ~/ r2 s* v$ G1 n3 K. _ w 41. Pilgrimages
! F0 a. {' C4 z3 j& H 42. Motorcades9 o: a, ~ [4 Q% h0 }/ B- o1 \
% J2 t- t. X' {- w. q/ gHonoring the Dead2 m+ q& M6 n+ M, r" H" h8 e& x$ \7 X
43. Political mourning
" [0 \* B: j0 j' K4 g7 A) z% a! m7 v 44. Mock funerals
& A1 j( _* z' K/ [+ O3 ? 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 m" X$ w/ X& u, [4 M/ j- [* t; q6 R 46. Homage at burial places
) ]* N! S9 b/ [" d
4 u& d$ V, b+ d7 tPublic Assemblies
* s' W2 Q7 C6 p6 u+ z 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 |0 Z! g! J; s* D& I
48. Protest meetings
: _" i( q# F+ _; |0 m5 q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# p1 Z, n: K/ Z6 G# z4 `. H0 i
50. Teach-ins
% i, M ^% _( t* R! {! j2 \4 X) W+ A/ X
Withdrawal and Renunciation" W% A% A: h0 d k0 n
51. Walk-outs2 s0 `" i! y8 h9 H3 H
52. Silence) F0 T) ~ b1 k# q9 l# l2 i: y
53. Renouncing honors
* u0 u: D+ z3 I 54. Turning one’s back# d- l1 m1 \& Z
+ _; ]6 I0 a& Z- f" L9 { + ~; g0 y0 B' y/ a i' p
/ ^$ Z2 Y- @+ e8 N% z( A) U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& M1 i' Q* d1 r% h# j# U9 d5 l
# v5 M- W* }6 q6 `6 y7 X# h
1 `& z/ Q; q8 `. g% ]* s1 @& w# l5 V( S: ^7 U8 |6 p
Ostracism of Persons( _- J. i$ d# \' o P9 M5 d7 f
55. Social boycott4 \3 C/ x% n: |* Z* f2 ^' ~
56. Selective social boycott
7 C" ?# }5 p$ S5 t; W+ k 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 A2 Q1 U# S# T$ T, j& N/ `
58. Excommunication
- l4 X8 r! ^# G3 w# W+ b& r, s 59. Interdict1 v0 G; z' |, y7 u0 j8 ^$ e
# A4 L2 [+ ]2 m' g) a2 ?0 @
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 C: G3 X/ q: R
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" H0 w4 i/ l+ |. b 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 |3 W( e! X1 O 62. Student strike
, }, E$ o/ q2 m1 A) L 63. Social disobedience/ q9 Z, E0 R3 x4 v( ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 q: Z6 Z& j6 p( L9 U+ q
7 t+ x4 t( B5 t& T8 [% l
Withdrawal from the Social System: W, d" [5 ^/ U- w1 A# r
65. Stay-at-home
$ z4 z/ g" s! t+ d7 [' ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation' Z2 r% J3 B8 B! I, j( J
67. “Flight” of workers
9 d( h2 u- ]7 b; w9 Y 68. Sanctuary5 j# |( T Y8 m- _* n4 H" G
69. Collective disappearance0 c' ~7 J6 M7 `3 R
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
) c9 H$ B: l# x1 D$ h8 d4 Q: E8 \, d% K2 Z
! i$ C7 d+ U; L) H6 |& a, X) \" p# n; w1 E) R
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" ?; h; Q: i7 n- H4 ?7 p& I9 G5 f9 \
4 {- g# J; U% Z5 o; p- }2 |2 _1 `
Actions by Consumers" L# D3 u' k7 t# \8 L/ j
71. Consumers’ boycott
, y! \$ k# G& c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 r) k* a) v- x( E3 m( p, d 73. Policy of austerity
; Z: R3 ^4 @( |; K 74. Rent withholding
3 x9 x* S+ ~2 S. y& I% N7 X 75. Refusal to rent/ r6 Z' @$ R- F; ~6 n
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 F& K# Z: x6 M/ |9 L9 F( m 77. International consumers’ boycott
y1 K C( R' s9 T' v& T a7 {0 g5 W
Action by Workers and Producers6 k4 z1 n. g0 K9 B, M, R
78. Workmen’s boycott
" f5 G' p- N: J 79. Producers’ boycott( \4 n* i0 ]2 @2 y2 k
0 d& O/ R4 l6 A" H4 GAction by Middlemen
, l' y. j) g) j# j& y: ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) B' N0 h! ?' O. O5 H. k) ~) f+ P
, j& t& e5 r0 \Action by Owners and Management$ K+ I$ S6 A/ }, I, ?$ c
81. Traders’ boycott
9 s0 n& o# o5 e) u$ N0 V 82. Refusal to let or sell property: A3 @' p7 w' d \
83. Lockout7 J1 e! W8 `$ Z1 \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 `, y1 Q# R( B- g4 m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ q# p1 {) S: E! S! _. \* V H6 y% J) H* q. L' v7 s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, c3 U. t# B& t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 a6 b% T# Z6 ?7 T# k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, p4 N5 K) [. k! b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) z5 Y) c' j5 F0 {3 _* e: z 89. Severance of funds and credit3 h |- X2 A( D; N/ ]/ {# J
90. Revenue refusal
4 i# h- D# M+ o" I h) ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money% t5 C% d: l; J9 Y C7 Z, a
/ U2 Q9 `# ~4 MAction by Governments
2 q" ]- V/ e, T. E6 E/ z, u+ _ 92. Domestic embargo3 {" K& m; x0 p4 N. O% I
93. Blacklisting of traders$ m2 F0 ^" _& E E9 L
94. International sellers’ embargo+ Y/ [# h- @7 Z0 P1 g% X
95. International buyers’ embargo8 [7 s: y1 f8 v* q6 g" c: U
96. International trade embargo! C" C+ a: H0 M& E" W
* U. u j) w: `$ a3 r9 N
1 c0 B* K# S+ v2 O/ V
8 V9 `; f8 v- k" ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! e6 ]* S. H3 P8 k
5 P% p. R! e5 k
`$ \3 B( ~# y" K: v5 R- B5 v. LSymbolic Strikes0 M8 \3 V% M6 t+ [& a
97. Protest strike( x. E' Z, S# d6 R% X( H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 \/ Z3 Y: b2 S% ]/ j6 L
}6 Y6 l$ G( k6 v# kAgricultural Strikes3 P# [9 H2 C" l9 n3 I
99. Peasant strike
# o2 }( T4 b0 b9 m" X! E4 o5 _0 f* K 100. Farm Workers’ strike0 Q- V/ W$ k5 U2 A$ r/ X
5 Q0 N1 G& \' Y$ `9 }% G VStrikes by Special Groups
7 n4 t+ {! x; T" w! {) j0 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor, x8 m" J* n0 s b# g! D4 K$ m
102. Prisoners’ strike0 `( \2 Y9 R* E
103. Craft strike
- o, E; Y$ M, r* m8 Y 104. Professional strike
; s2 Q) P$ {1 l) n. j# g4 a
% a7 c4 D3 G8 sOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ r/ I; D% V, j; K' I" p) ^. c7 ^
105. Establishment strike
( R4 b; j9 [$ ] ^' c r 106. Industry strike
* A% r p/ E! J% B 107. Sympathetic strike" T; C* ?) d! ~: E
3 R1 F+ C) Y/ {1 |. j- K4 bRestricted Strikes
& c" v5 ~3 Q1 O7 L5 l- q 108. Detailed strike( ~5 M: H5 n8 U2 k7 j9 E6 g1 z W2 s
109. Bumper strike) o5 t, g8 z$ Y5 Y+ ^: F/ \
110. Slowdown strike
6 V: E* ~6 |4 r! O4 o- o3 f/ E6 W 111. Working-to-rule strike8 X2 E; B! K5 x9 m) D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 y0 k3 i! m: }! j b% W8 r
113. Strike by resignation
/ M% K- b: @9 n; d 114. Limited strike4 R, e1 H9 D5 b% d. P& U8 v
115. Selective strike
" J/ v9 e, a/ l" L" e
) }5 [7 {& ?7 b8 b, V& rMulti-Industry Strikes% p( B. L0 r' w2 v" r' s
+ o4 n8 j8 i2 C0 H5 L4 `* m 116. Generalized strike9 I& L/ w, \. a' |" |0 t
9 C( X' V2 o( e ^$ P6 U 117. General strike
2 W( `+ C# Z b# c6 S" u* s! i/ q0 c4 e0 A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, A1 U6 i" i! U& d2 h
. [0 a* ]' S) w& X 118. Hartal
# g1 F( c. [0 n+ T
$ C( F5 v3 w* [( J% Q 119. Economic shutdown$ s' e1 W( X! r6 b3 }( }/ j7 Z) ~
" ~6 W' b! O2 d0 W& Q! l
3 Y" U6 e+ O6 v5 m6 [1 E, J
& R! ~" q, u% x" k0 h; \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
{! j7 P8 Q1 u7 ^6 T1 _; g- @$ V0 v. y! k6 j" k
. C, T9 ]& L7 `
Rejection of Authority
" j" `3 t1 m/ B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 D/ \1 G! S0 d$ n8 j 121. Refusal of public support
( _# A( G0 m: u4 z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 j4 {( o3 x- [
$ g! m0 [% s7 q5 t; M9 W" OCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government: G- _6 ?/ g5 h+ `8 I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 @" z. [) Z! ?/ y, N3 M% H% [- r0 {
124. Boycott of elections
! A0 q; z6 b3 G8 P+ v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 ^& ] H4 t8 j( v4 A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ v; i2 m! K" l 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 B: B! z4 j2 D2 h 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations H2 E5 X- Q& j% ~" u4 e2 X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: [ M' e1 u, j2 u: f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 F1 T$ K! ^# A; y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- O% x" }& C: U6 K' e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 p- l* R0 Q( J: B8 J$ P& p& M
5 ]' q! p8 n( z9 {0 O- @. u* J% t/ \8 tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# `7 }/ d& {' n; k! I# ]7 d7 b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ k9 h3 ]6 U/ c7 h
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ h* H- `7 V) F0 {6 [& s% j' M
135. Popular nonobedience
, h1 ~4 R8 b: P 136. Disguised disobedience
W* Y' c3 x1 V" ]0 I" n8 Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: t' T2 k9 h9 }' N 138. Sitdown- j$ r+ z- d- B. z2 q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- J; x2 O" i: f2 N N h$ r- m9 D
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' c% C" y) F1 n: u( T* u1 k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- T; S; C r. r) Z: ~5 i. u5 \4 J
1 O& q) I6 ]" ?9 T; Q6 y8 f: ~- MAction by Government Personnel* N7 g: \6 P: ^- K& A9 a6 t) P8 S8 c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 {: x9 ]" u; t% o f7 k4 g- d' s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 H: i _/ j' R! c0 o8 L1 I5 ~, ? 144. Stalling and obstruction0 C1 U: f4 }# S4 }: d) m
145. General administrative noncooperation% }! p& \7 W% n9 t6 ?
' c/ K3 {) ?, ^; E 146. Judicial noncooperation
0 G, R' C; Z( ^, W9 D+ P+ D. T 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 K5 w1 h" D; j 148. Mutiny/ Z7 o2 o% m: c- U
Domestic Governmental Action/ c, L, I5 O& N8 R9 N. h" l+ r( z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ ?5 P. Z2 n6 m
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# ?- j8 s8 I3 I5 J1 e B% d7 @" n
International Governmental Action
( @# a" c, \2 e9 \0 n9 ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 [5 u6 E# _( w9 ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& E5 J& ?$ S: \# K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 [3 S3 T! \( B9 T q# a* s1 f% m8 g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: f7 E2 F. |5 ?4 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* s* m1 g3 r$ g9 J8 Z8 E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* r& s4 p' q' s3 o; \
157. Expulsion from international organizations
) e; |! _, _, J n7 \4 L2 t" e0 J8 C7 X3 `7 B
) R4 V$ \- N7 ~6 Z! M5 w5 g- L% J
( L8 J/ @: b+ ?# F S3 n! MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 E! w0 b9 |7 P6 O8 ]+ e% x
1 `( M( u& J- K# ]0 {0 { 8 b3 @ B4 t5 K8 G
Psychological Intervention4 J/ P! R: r! ^: V7 p" x
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 p, q* p5 D3 O" \, U7 s# r" c
159. The fast9 p- y" j' \" C
a) Fast of moral pressure
J5 A' f, |/ ?1 @: D b) Hunger strike, @7 J# V# }7 d% s; a5 H1 u
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 B: X) e( @) [! M+ N' Z9 j 160. Reverse trial
( p) I& s+ V( J3 j) K1 [5 ` 161. Nonviolent harassment* |* X2 {3 y$ q
8 {& G ?1 x4 H8 u7 j9 D* L9 Y. a
Physical Intervention
4 K3 g# K8 v0 [+ K 162. Sit-in
9 v" L. n2 E4 S0 [( U 163. Stand-in6 l `3 d- x- O% u5 U9 n7 R
164. Ride-in
8 I( w! W/ x% p) o1 a( H9 U 165. Wade-in/ J. w) l7 W; t" v/ F. W3 Z
166. Mill-in. F; w9 K0 B+ b. B0 v3 h
167. Pray-in7 H9 {/ }2 K8 c$ E/ P( X
168. Nonviolent raids5 a8 P& C9 D' A$ I$ s0 v" P. S
169. Nonviolent air raids+ L! U0 t+ I0 R
170. Nonviolent invasion
* u9 Z. _- J0 U) W 171. Nonviolent interjection ]4 h1 V2 `1 c% Y0 ^# Y3 m2 d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% z* M% Q! u0 B* G+ W 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 w6 q" x* N& i. F6 p8 h4 P+ d/ c- z+ u9 q7 c
Social Intervention) h& E* j9 Z [
174. Establishing new social patterns& v3 s7 B" ^% Y3 c
175. Overloading of facilities
Z$ V6 i! H$ X% G) C$ U0 X 176. Stall-in4 D+ I1 v* S* x) i5 |) k1 o6 N- h2 C5 k
177. Speak-in
- o( l5 W* O. q. B) b 178. Guerrilla theater
+ e/ s8 }1 q4 Y3 _/ x8 @ 179. Alternative social institutions
+ X/ F2 ~# y+ P# n3 W6 z 180. Alternative communication system
* X8 ^ F; {/ R3 r/ q* w1 v, C* ~6 g8 o* Q4 P [% v
Economic Intervention
6 x% K. |+ @/ k; H 181. Reverse strike
: ]9 ^" ^4 m: |4 e 182. Stay-in strike
. \# ?7 h5 X( U/ s" X. y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; ?- H* I0 m9 U/ T$ x2 a' Z5 S- q2 B/ Y 184. Defiance of blockades( K7 q' y! p& a; d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) j; h) X/ P1 U3 u4 Y5 K 186. Preclusive purchasing
F L" O- `1 t: y+ O8 h0 f# V 187. Seizure of assets4 J h& ^. J' U3 P* }6 J
188. Dumping# \, Z; ~+ }. s$ i
189. Selective patronage1 I8 V" U; z: D! @) z1 \! j0 n
190. Alternative markets
, {8 C, G5 G+ j& B" _* j 191. Alternative transportation systems5 v5 N3 `' [/ S3 T
192. Alternative economic institutions; h2 A ~% @$ ?. j9 I O' M
+ Q: Q' H8 l; e# X% jPolitical Intervention- Y7 o8 t9 d! v; p' |7 Q& s2 Q* `8 z
193. Overloading of administrative systems6 e5 l! C' e0 |( W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 T6 g& @: q. k( R7 e; f1 S. x 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 } A+ a: W; n. o# ~. w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 P7 I# S1 ?: }% _4 D9 _$ k" k& H h 197. Work-on without collaboration; g) r9 g7 b/ S0 f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
; ]$ e; V0 I0 C8 s3 H* j5 V6 u1 Y) m. P" v5 q0 R
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
