 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ]& E) {6 c6 w1 n/ S7 q4 H. G# `Formal Statements
: R6 b3 i5 P% {' F% } 1. Public Speeches
% S7 J/ g/ q7 y; E0 W 2. Letters of opposition or support2 s; w% A0 \8 Z f/ {) I/ L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 [' d6 f8 E& }& B0 c- y+ A* B; O
4. Signed public statements
6 W) ~4 N* v" V& Q6 { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention: W/ v9 c& [5 D3 t/ K
6. Group or mass petitions. i' [3 u# k7 W* n5 R% [! n
1 G! D' A; c! E' ~6 T( |- F
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 M2 |- [$ U' L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 k% O; \, F! S
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) W$ D9 x- A+ p8 S6 M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ ]9 e+ W% T5 v6 s4 `( N- v' @$ T# S
10. Newspapers and journals; Z- S* T$ f: v7 `& ~- e& j
11. Records, radio, and television+ U: c7 v. l) a, C8 T. @6 t+ k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* Z( I4 r$ i: Y. @- r$ ^ a+ {
* S4 A1 o$ j7 a L3 T v4 L; wGroup Representations3 @- m9 A5 j2 }, ?* p$ \! J/ O
13. Deputations
- r& ^5 o4 n6 O& I6 S0 N. Z 14. Mock awards- M6 S0 V# s8 ?5 G$ @6 ?: B1 o. [7 f
15. Group lobbying* D$ d& p! J; l* p
16. Picketing, m5 c% S' m1 s* {4 {8 `
17. Mock elections
+ ~- v, m$ n1 w1 G# s! e
" Z: w3 z N3 K' k }/ \8 D: z1 ^3 y1 @Symbolic Public Acts# l% }* X6 l$ W" G6 l1 B, m
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; x' ?" r. w; O& o- |
19. Wearing of symbols
5 N: c: g' h. B3 l 20. Prayer and worship
* b9 v- ?2 A1 ^! t( Q 21. Delivering symbolic objects& F! l* F) Y5 T! b0 q
22. Protest disrobings
+ k p" V( U3 {$ Q* {1 K1 o 23. Destruction of own property0 k; {. W: S6 M* r" n
24. Symbolic lights
+ n) J) }. `( p0 R2 K% r: l6 i 25. Displays of portraits2 ? z: R# q5 ]4 Q8 o8 M
26. Paint as protest" K' `* x2 @! c" f$ F9 f
27. New signs and names' g) _+ Q5 z. Y) r2 ^, y! z
28. Symbolic sounds
- I1 j/ F1 ?. y7 V4 Y 29. Symbolic reclamations$ N: v1 i! A0 D& H+ b% k: {
30. Rude gestures
9 ?( [, d# _9 L4 Y
- G y+ w4 F7 s( M& c5 NPressures on Individuals
* g, x3 ~3 A& z+ G- T9 t2 l 31. “Haunting” officials
* D o* T" P) a 32. Taunting officials
) e5 W$ ?) D& C$ u1 ]5 H2 t3 E 33. Fraternization4 V) h+ o, L Y9 z' G$ h" N
34. Vigils
+ t& x1 K- ~0 L5 @5 {0 _. _0 P2 e9 s3 L7 g- z6 X! c1 K
Drama and Music9 b5 g& l7 o4 \# J: T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ I3 ~/ e. W% m5 J: ]5 q 36. Performances of plays and music& B2 H8 X3 k# t- Z! Z
37. Singing
R& v4 b% _4 V% N- J1 H7 J5 y3 q# ?* } Y2 t- \: m
Processions% Z4 g* @( ^3 H( ]* O
38. Marches8 k" [+ K( m+ U) S1 |, N& q
39. Parades
6 c9 }3 J6 t; {$ F2 O 40. Religious processions: d% W) @( K$ d$ z4 J
41. Pilgrimages
( y$ W! M- l; Q) f* { 42. Motorcades: M- c; b$ x- u
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Honoring the Dead
3 h$ ]( [) h+ t9 w; v* d( t 43. Political mourning
5 h8 A$ y7 q, K/ } 44. Mock funerals
U7 k, G% O/ i4 a/ b 45. Demonstrative funerals, U* L- }/ ]& |0 j: z
46. Homage at burial places' ^2 z: A4 V$ b+ C3 l& ~
$ c7 ^. P+ I7 {4 }& c5 Z6 D% CPublic Assemblies
6 G. T1 o% f! ^" p5 I 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( R+ N, r4 o3 s/ K) V0 b8 k7 T8 H 48. Protest meetings
* J. `3 N( U( l, w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- N" R" _9 B6 c+ S* s4 ]3 d
50. Teach-ins R4 P7 }- T" I
5 `3 P4 s5 n" o& c: m9 q5 N' Q, p
Withdrawal and Renunciation* G9 y* _/ n" l# P% i- q/ N
51. Walk-outs+ D, F$ F. j/ a Q, R* P
52. Silence
) `; t! ]4 p7 A" u& Y7 B 53. Renouncing honors
: ]7 t) l' u$ g+ {2 W+ Z 54. Turning one’s back0 |( A/ t% F- t q4 } U; {2 C
- G2 f- H2 I6 S; t- I8 p% g $ U7 g( ?7 w% M
9 ]/ O7 k! e2 W" E; zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" F& U2 |3 ^, T0 |2 R/ h1 B
4 T( p8 E' e* _% C
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5 x# c5 N- s# E; u! ^Ostracism of Persons( [2 I& u% N1 j
55. Social boycott
! w. ?; Y6 r# l4 R2 P' ~: | 56. Selective social boycott
% k' {5 o4 b P; M4 N- H 57. Lysistratic nonaction% h- z, _3 ~# |9 y) |! K4 J
58. Excommunication U! S0 O, V" n/ S3 y# s
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 F+ T- I, w, v+ _- v& ?6 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 }" n7 Q5 A/ k
61. Boycott of social affairs7 |& j& `& s, x# F
62. Student strike$ o* f) M/ X8 f/ m6 t7 ]' T8 y& Y
63. Social disobedience3 M; U2 L8 `' j5 F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' W6 d) ?$ K" Z% E' H x
$ _/ l# M b$ `) x- [, O' s
Withdrawal from the Social System
! D$ k$ Y; a6 u7 B 65. Stay-at-home: E' X- R" g f8 K
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 d+ A2 g5 I( }% U1 Z3 z) A, X1 e7 V 67. “Flight” of workers
* ?: H3 F/ N" K4 v( a4 o! s 68. Sanctuary
4 ]) A' x! h% } a" Q8 B5 J 69. Collective disappearance6 @, ^! L- S/ g' g; z' B7 G& C2 Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ q% p: _% }8 ]2 P4 S, o1 L1 ^
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: e) ?9 T: I9 ?7 B/ FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers) b ? x% |6 l" ?, [; D, d
71. Consumers’ boycott, N& j9 f i& E4 e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 e7 g( W* j1 ?' B. d( q: t B
73. Policy of austerity- l) A% I# \' l
74. Rent withholding& m" C s; c/ z
75. Refusal to rent
) m6 ^/ {: l' M+ |7 A m 76. National consumers’ boycott! c4 r* a, d b/ Q# w! C+ V) c1 K
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ X+ Y; [+ ^- |2 |/ `( l9 L: J6 d
Action by Workers and Producers/ _& X1 m3 Z2 G! Q# p& Q* d
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ p' _5 N% v j) s1 W/ R8 ]+ h/ M 79. Producers’ boycott
8 l( g5 F' h4 o3 a; B5 u7 u, E) K9 C6 U" [
Action by Middlemen
/ g* p6 h7 j- c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 k$ a: D1 X" b- F0 w" m v
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Action by Owners and Management
9 e% Q) D% A. j8 n+ H5 T 81. Traders’ boycott) o4 W' f/ v, [* x. h% f5 \
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 ? B4 ]$ V' }4 t( B
83. Lockout
8 z, ?* h. R0 A7 A( k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& Y S, A3 R8 i/ l- f$ J8 f/ y7 N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”- [2 p" k I" A' d3 J+ G: i
! \6 u+ v% g: A6 d' ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ q7 q7 ]6 F% [4 ^6 ]/ j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* ?) [: t5 n8 z# @; w" g0 F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" D, k p9 j( |% u9 M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; T2 O. z/ {4 y1 J2 ^0 _
89. Severance of funds and credit
, n- E- i' B7 o3 _5 @) A 90. Revenue refusal
2 Y3 d P' z3 L* \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
3 j# `3 q H* Y5 q2 c; ~. [* w 92. Domestic embargo8 X5 \+ m3 a0 j% G3 C2 h
93. Blacklisting of traders3 q/ s8 A* D3 P3 w
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 s2 H4 j' N% U$ k" c1 M 95. International buyers’ embargo# K" m" S3 v/ R1 z& C m
96. International trade embargo* K7 H7 ]7 u+ f4 O: d) S7 _/ [- T3 T
) W- e m" d5 y # I$ ?% v9 `/ M$ Y5 y. I1 _
# l" K/ a/ L- ~+ BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ B7 }; C8 M- v+ G, W3 j9 u$ Q" b& x
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2 D G8 `' C/ Z) k- k5 YSymbolic Strikes
! @: V3 T9 [& Z% C5 ~$ l7 c 97. Protest strike
0 n- j5 e! G b- [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' E+ K6 I2 F' E5 `* u
" Z* Q/ Q. k, s$ s$ u2 WAgricultural Strikes U% W3 ]) F& a9 C$ X% s# Y
99. Peasant strike
! \, ^; C" X$ u3 n$ m6 E1 S6 i 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 [7 s7 l: x$ L q- {: ~5 z* x( G& b' d3 y. [) k% Y1 \- E: d
Strikes by Special Groups
+ A$ j3 f5 S+ {, D/ e9 Q' r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: T% N4 S/ \$ x1 T, s# n2 | 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ U( K! P$ K" V2 B: ]/ h/ T2 _% n: { 103. Craft strike* z$ [ s0 b' C& ~; ^ t
104. Professional strike
. P" e5 B S& ]" c: C5 j8 ]( J1 [) D# f/ E* V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. N6 d% q5 M, r5 G3 ?) j 105. Establishment strike& M1 Z$ q- n4 ^' z
106. Industry strike4 k* F. u |& q3 j
107. Sympathetic strike
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7 n, I8 e6 I: A* S$ m+ m7 `$ R. SRestricted Strikes W" u6 p$ o$ C. x2 p' s$ h6 C$ O4 m
108. Detailed strike
; q: c% S$ n) i6 x: \5 v 109. Bumper strike
7 H2 h, V, J, H& {- V 110. Slowdown strike
7 y* S* v `5 A7 u# Q 111. Working-to-rule strike
- t) W( E( ~2 h- X/ K( N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* l _! C M3 N: i/ |0 v
113. Strike by resignation
' ? n% U p* _9 H7 M7 F 114. Limited strike* g$ ~; C# F& T, V; H8 j% x7 d& t0 B
115. Selective strike5 N0 r# Z4 k5 w# N
7 E) p4 u5 d0 L6 g/ W7 L
Multi-Industry Strikes- ]+ D+ w( \, X+ t) ~7 ~$ D
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116. Generalized strike
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; [# v* l. B1 O" Y! K9 C9 Y y# w 117. General strike
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2 A' y2 L9 W f ~0 M% JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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3 \$ S1 Z6 L/ j- D, W- @$ X \1 u 118. Hartal }# ?2 u7 C. B* v
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119. Economic shutdown! q% r/ |3 `7 l. i
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) l1 E0 w% {- h" \THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 w4 w; _( s4 s: n/ H& [2 ]0 s- \
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Rejection of Authority
) Z0 o: `, T, a; g' u, @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 w7 H9 b) w4 h' L9 G
121. Refusal of public support6 @ V! u& X5 B7 o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( O9 n+ A4 Q- G
4 p N. |4 C4 l, y6 ]6 tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 b, Y6 B2 W- H8 M j 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, k5 Q$ s; w. v6 [; I2 a, D8 H- d 124. Boycott of elections1 F7 J7 p* e% M* p/ Y3 t' m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 J& h0 D( y; X7 C; B
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; _9 b4 B4 `+ G) u5 H2 Y# C8 T, C" ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 {' T( s. Q& J6 o* W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 X; F6 l ~) U2 x! J5 k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* }$ d. r, ]" N+ Y; M8 ?* }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 Z7 j) R: F$ u) s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 \ y' e$ x5 s; i, Y) c 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% i6 d" D& p: n! h+ x; F- T- @8 m. H5 ~/ Y+ U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' C5 O( y) t9 S+ X% w! f& `4 n/ g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 j8 W& c2 ^( s, ]% F8 @9 L& h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 p& y/ F# T# P7 [) z7 ^) d: f
135. Popular nonobedience
( d# @# h) Z8 m2 C. e' {$ K 136. Disguised disobedience
# ^0 e" c' h) I" W8 x6 B 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# E5 x8 d: R3 D
138. Sitdown! Z7 N3 g% u0 U) d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. C5 t$ H" a' C9 R3 P
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 H! c4 [5 |9 ~; Q4 y8 w7 R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 L2 A1 Z& U3 W
2 c' z' w1 W5 r: bAction by Government Personnel( f& T+ X0 J7 j5 S* _; r
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 { D' Z. z1 \; I/ w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) Y: C, L" A9 ~, F) E$ L 144. Stalling and obstruction0 G8 c* B* x. D0 B) J
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
, ?5 u" c) F3 p5 } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 E0 E/ W- a h) `& b, p8 L* v$ R 148. Mutiny# C% E- ~" X9 H" w. m
Domestic Governmental Action
: s8 U% u3 K: }! v1 H, V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 r! i# p: o; Q6 [% g& k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) E6 }6 J7 s1 r) d& d) X' Y! G4 g; H( _$ t' R2 D1 z
International Governmental Action
% K( x9 Y! T F3 T1 M 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ g" @# ]0 h+ K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. T0 [- l( {# d0 P& k1 O- n# v: O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' s2 k) D E1 Q+ o2 O, @' ] 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
e5 M# m- B; K* P% {' @, x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' O( O- a( h( z6 S! G' [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ a! n5 B& A# X. N. O7 g 157. Expulsion from international organizations
* u0 |/ @# T& I* { V) u; R9 z% S$ J. M3 m3 z+ Q ?
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7 G7 q+ ~7 _# k4 k0 ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ L; U+ f* m& B e; F7 Z m6 W2 n
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k0 [9 g2 z. t$ bPsychological Intervention' E7 H: k) j$ U; V/ L) X
158. Self-exposure to the elements( E/ O1 G& t9 p: w2 P
159. The fast% X% t Z, s0 s, E
a) Fast of moral pressure' C% \8 _- Q. o0 f7 v* v
b) Hunger strike
0 R3 ?9 X& @+ z& |; z& k+ I c) Satyagrahic fast' O0 |7 |7 _$ P) z& z
160. Reverse trial6 D G4 B8 @: ^8 S& f8 A T. K
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 n- y, S, o5 c5 L `
% o8 o% _: z6 z3 X* K9 ]Physical Intervention
# _$ @8 I( a# T9 D4 Y 162. Sit-in
% O( @3 o, z7 {- n6 } 163. Stand-in
3 j) g& Z& K6 a3 L2 } 164. Ride-in
3 k4 H$ ~$ t+ |+ m& U 165. Wade-in
0 p2 {' y; q I! J0 c% s 166. Mill-in
+ e! v+ o k1 O4 p2 ^7 ? 167. Pray-in
) [* C, Y9 N$ S( C; |3 z 168. Nonviolent raids
& T% _: u! T" j* g4 s/ g. L' q 169. Nonviolent air raids
) ]# z- {; Z7 c7 K 170. Nonviolent invasion
: Z! z1 ~0 H* U6 F 171. Nonviolent interjection$ @( y; Q4 z, l1 C
172. Nonviolent obstruction+ d) @; ~/ a, s9 W1 ]
173. Nonviolent occupation
# c7 ~' C8 @2 h6 C d3 V3 ~+ f$ @5 V7 g0 ?* m
Social Intervention
4 G, Y1 s+ o$ K. B. r 174. Establishing new social patterns
9 S4 m3 }+ Q: _8 P" w 175. Overloading of facilities
, ]( Z( x( N+ @4 P; F% c3 n0 Q 176. Stall-in6 j1 }1 F( k6 z0 w2 ?/ i
177. Speak-in
" G6 x: X( l% U4 Q% f* W2 V0 J! Y 178. Guerrilla theater/ D0 G3 @3 c. v! R/ z- k6 R
179. Alternative social institutions% w [& z% J4 @9 _
180. Alternative communication system+ b% v: y5 y# _: l* K( t
u5 L( ~- b! {
Economic Intervention8 H1 z9 T- F# l6 a1 _
181. Reverse strike
3 s+ }+ {" \0 w4 E- c. V) T' n& F 182. Stay-in strike
0 O) Z# g5 N7 A. S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 l7 ]* Y) c3 R8 s6 O2 G+ ^& e 184. Defiance of blockades
8 h) E) E: R7 `' r# h0 e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 J) f( J* U y$ ^. W& U. J% u 186. Preclusive purchasing
' p3 ^/ Q+ }4 U' u4 r$ j, p 187. Seizure of assets9 I; Q5 |: Z& }8 W& Y {
188. Dumping
% h2 B+ r# K# x n* s& ^3 N 189. Selective patronage6 s/ e8 s0 \( C& }/ q
190. Alternative markets; h0 c. E; n8 t8 d" d# r% S% [1 \. Q% K
191. Alternative transportation systems5 T2 Z1 N3 O+ ~# q
192. Alternative economic institutions! D! |: Z# [5 X
5 A$ X0 d+ R0 s' G# N3 z; [Political Intervention! [- d; V' _5 H) c6 D
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, C% m6 J4 K. [( o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: t- \3 P* R5 Z& F& B2 ?3 H: g: N 195. Seeking imprisonment3 \! k7 u8 u) t5 K
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; W, \: O/ s6 p; T, K/ x9 F 197. Work-on without collaboration' h1 D; D. Y. N$ [5 |+ |: `& a. N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! R! S' [! e; y+ s- x# t) g( ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
