 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. U, q- b+ w5 N& I5 b! L
Formal Statements
, M7 o6 T: k; V; _7 o9 g 1. Public Speeches
9 l4 f% w# Z4 ]+ F3 y1 J& F; {( V 2. Letters of opposition or support
/ F8 V& h' j2 R1 E" A( {' N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& H; ~. @7 s4 l5 L% I5 R( r! t5 j
4. Signed public statements% k9 Z" C! n6 b) H8 L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) l" y, L$ Y1 \ 6. Group or mass petitions
: r' F' y1 s) m. o
& m" ?. B4 [2 s/ ]* B: BCommunications with a Wider Audience; ]: _+ _* p0 a3 y9 m- o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols a7 \* {: D! ^ ~, Q; e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 E/ f. |. m2 }4 T) z0 r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; ^* ~; M+ g4 d% ^/ t# r' K
10. Newspapers and journals' _7 z& [0 g( K' R5 K
11. Records, radio, and television: b# w6 l* E# f; q4 e3 I
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# x6 G5 C* Y1 |/ \6 x( I
\' S+ t6 G8 H" |! O; B5 G0 B
Group Representations
& l7 ^% C1 r1 m* ]5 J) c 13. Deputations5 g2 o) Q! q+ x- Y
14. Mock awards& z0 k. d6 x e( W. m0 G5 Z
15. Group lobbying
& P$ D7 [5 c) i$ C! S 16. Picketing
5 n" d& B4 L/ k+ N$ x 17. Mock elections' b/ T% p& }+ T
! C- {" F+ f1 b8 L. U; H0 R) \
Symbolic Public Acts
, k3 a* x1 X! g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
r1 \/ k! g; G* R$ L' h 19. Wearing of symbols i8 `" S: m4 F# F5 r8 J
20. Prayer and worship
, ` V- v4 \( A9 {7 v* g 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 [% P. {+ X: W5 i1 C0 g1 y1 }
22. Protest disrobings
: j3 P8 y( R4 R, V3 N1 J5 M 23. Destruction of own property9 m2 ]# d+ W9 n" Z% `
24. Symbolic lights
4 f( D/ ]; z7 V7 p 25. Displays of portraits
( ^! v" e% T% E* `; S 26. Paint as protest
" x5 U, Q3 c9 ?% _5 F: |" i' u 27. New signs and names
$ d8 K8 _& Q; C- ~3 [/ h, o 28. Symbolic sounds: o+ v. W2 u, |+ f" |, C" Y9 J
29. Symbolic reclamations9 R. v7 }& N' |0 }" D
30. Rude gestures
) b/ C ~" J' t# Z0 A
4 u9 f5 {! O7 {Pressures on Individuals+ J6 |5 _ ~( Q+ V- D( o% @
31. “Haunting” officials
2 @5 H, k/ \% V2 V3 ] 32. Taunting officials
D% R5 j/ s7 A) w2 }0 K5 |4 U# q 33. Fraternization h1 m7 P2 k" b* p0 |+ ~2 ~; q
34. Vigils( N1 k" C; m0 S8 T
' X" N) Q% t1 {# n6 c' v9 ZDrama and Music
7 P, F9 o( V* R 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ B+ t" O: F: ~ 36. Performances of plays and music
3 L8 ~7 k9 w% x; ?7 V 37. Singing
' x4 S. l8 H" N- S" E* d& o2 B: Y' o9 U* M3 ]& Y7 d* [
Processions' A' k: } C* y
38. Marches# c' S5 A' I4 U& h( P f" T0 |* ]: y
39. Parades+ ^: f y2 q* L1 O# E2 x
40. Religious processions. L( g9 D) {' R4 Q" e6 r; U. U
41. Pilgrimages! L. p4 w8 n& T& b
42. Motorcades
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' O& X" G) G6 R4 ~0 g6 y0 sHonoring the Dead
: x- Q5 B- z) a) G: m. D 43. Political mourning3 D8 Z) X1 H- s
44. Mock funerals2 H% v$ h* V0 s$ d+ l0 F' {
45. Demonstrative funerals7 S6 H3 `) x1 c+ z) }
46. Homage at burial places
% \) e2 b6 ]4 o0 |9 B: b1 @/ S9 e
9 u% v4 {% m& k4 Z0 L4 ]8 fPublic Assemblies
% [9 T5 P7 k% X" b5 F* m7 N' v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& a% v7 {8 N, k+ ~2 | 48. Protest meetings J& o3 I: M" p/ j8 L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 K; r! }; P5 N4 T. U 50. Teach-ins' B9 q( a+ j/ l9 o2 ~
9 J0 r5 S* V4 [% J+ ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 X. x* e6 T6 M( z7 @6 ^2 O; p' D6 | 51. Walk-outs
\+ q- z _! z5 E% V' X 52. Silence& z/ @7 y! ?1 x3 a& E9 _2 @# q
53. Renouncing honors
* H$ r c7 B8 j2 p# E- x 54. Turning one’s back
' Y" z% J" M) a6 C5 j+ J0 J5 ~6 l |( T ~# z4 m, b
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" y5 m0 V6 T# e! }* w+ m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 S0 }; T- j" Z {1 N5 {- n
# c7 b+ r Y- y& k0 }% B
0 t5 t5 q% H6 i4 N
$ o( W7 [/ f, T6 Q6 }$ W/ rOstracism of Persons
3 f5 ?# x0 y0 c! g 55. Social boycott7 h0 g' @) \1 U' B2 s" m/ `
56. Selective social boycott" V2 j( b0 s) A8 x9 X6 E# D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 s/ O3 z" M6 Y5 N 58. Excommunication) Y% a0 `( Y5 F: B% _6 ^7 W1 E9 X
59. Interdict
5 t+ g& `3 m) X0 o6 ?. e2 r7 k( {5 V0 B) o# }$ T8 V) ^5 i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 V4 Q1 Y: I* A* e4 {/ |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& a5 Y6 B; l0 X& d9 O3 X2 n& T 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ x6 n. B6 K* O6 o; N* C" t 62. Student strike
( j( _" E5 f# O- m; z- \ 63. Social disobedience
: j4 i$ O r: [9 a2 R: k6 C 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 w0 v4 f. e% Q: H+ i9 U H$ S/ ^" X7 y# z1 e* q0 T0 C
Withdrawal from the Social System; K; g% F& O0 p# I) E0 e
65. Stay-at-home
/ l( r# L; c1 m- X 66. Total personal noncooperation* r( x0 K {2 x# b& W: `' s( O
67. “Flight” of workers% v2 O ~( w. T! p
68. Sanctuary
$ ]' _6 [8 z1 B6 [9 @4 O, j 69. Collective disappearance; G" h* X2 @1 [# C' ?' r5 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* K$ e) r) _% j" d" y2 Q0 E
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8 ~$ X- R+ r' ?: a* @9 p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 n) q1 M% A1 q
1 w% c; y; G9 F0 }Actions by Consumers
6 Y) ?* C6 M- g3 n- n 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 d3 O3 V c1 Q, t8 c6 e. O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ e- {9 A$ s* T 73. Policy of austerity& M& [' n( y% A' q, Q8 r' A# I
74. Rent withholding, Z* U) P/ i" w, i# `. M8 g/ g
75. Refusal to rent
% u0 r" d, [9 C+ D 76. National consumers’ boycott s# B( u( i% G' T1 \( u, ~* `
77. International consumers’ boycott
; I; C* t7 |( w/ V1 P& r8 S* }
! {3 k: C5 i9 f: C7 QAction by Workers and Producers% P3 P4 E' v, Z% p: }% Y! ]! Z
78. Workmen’s boycott- L5 v D/ W3 _
79. Producers’ boycott4 Z: ?1 L( E( g" A% W
/ M4 q. N" i* g& i
Action by Middlemen9 U p; _- Z5 v6 G9 K' x/ S. S; ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* h% ^" l4 g% P# O8 r8 S
; E7 l9 v# a' }Action by Owners and Management- X+ \1 q6 V7 n& a# Q3 q
81. Traders’ boycott
/ ?7 Z; U) f6 _, s/ }: { 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ \/ W$ M0 B( p3 W8 s
83. Lockout
; ]3 Q3 b" k% D8 j/ F& k5 N: } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 c" N7 ~3 l E8 J0 C5 @5 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" F( S7 |& F" h5 ~) G3 W
1 l1 m8 v* }6 G# i. d) P: X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 y: w" N9 t* y- |3 l9 Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. }- X ~( q! n" I" i1 s% Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 D+ R5 p) _: M* x+ L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; I5 B0 Z! T4 l. {$ D* c
89. Severance of funds and credit
* B: U; i# @9 L+ n" ^8 E" S% q 90. Revenue refusal
7 \! d/ ?. N7 i/ |3 V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) @8 D- b! ]$ t, @! w& b: u$ m2 u2 i
Action by Governments
3 w. Q6 ]8 J \( J8 c$ W( n 92. Domestic embargo4 W$ o7 H' O! ~
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 y& [3 ?. N% D$ z7 l 94. International sellers’ embargo
: w' E" e4 i% m9 S1 M% ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo, s, } i, s$ {# N6 k2 b
96. International trade embargo
( F( f$ x) d) K$ Y
7 I/ y8 J5 e0 k
; Z4 c' H. L( `6 L' E
& t% ]; @' [& |( |6 P9 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 o# x2 g* j% {/ N8 JSymbolic Strikes
( m6 g. z8 N+ n" q 97. Protest strike
$ j# G2 o" ]! n0 K" h: ` L0 U: v: o 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 \+ `& M* j- o8 E A4 j" Z- f
0 o% l, V( p7 f. w) IAgricultural Strikes8 V2 c" s7 d6 U. \; e$ K- V6 e( U
99. Peasant strike3 ]6 ]7 _9 }- D( B! z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! M* A* I. b4 }8 r3 H5 L7 r ^" k$ d C2 B" Y/ s
Strikes by Special Groups7 Y, X# h" o f# l8 w: Q5 n8 v+ c
101. Refusal of impressed labor' Y: N& _, S; c0 C! s$ Q6 F0 U G
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 Q8 U: u, s( S% s9 K+ q 103. Craft strike
! n/ Y |: i2 ?+ F9 n w- n) h 104. Professional strike% \1 n$ ~5 O7 w% F8 i
`( H4 q: k6 a! `Ordinary Industrial Strikes, k7 p5 i/ m# r; N4 K
105. Establishment strike) \# i) T0 V8 g2 W* n. _
106. Industry strike5 k5 l: x2 ~. U' L3 k3 J
107. Sympathetic strike- ]! X$ J8 \ q$ Z3 i
# h2 {7 d6 [& g
Restricted Strikes
5 g; Q ], J/ f1 p 108. Detailed strike
% a1 B' Q& l3 c6 v: w/ ] 109. Bumper strike, D5 `2 m" g, n) N" ~8 e
110. Slowdown strike8 O9 s. T: i7 o: y
111. Working-to-rule strike: n$ B D+ G/ E8 A# L9 t4 T h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) \7 ]7 H1 x# }) a5 a 113. Strike by resignation
V5 G0 {. T, \% b; z 114. Limited strike0 O( ^8 F6 R @/ J8 t$ Q6 ]
115. Selective strike
0 I4 z5 W* v+ M5 n1 z" Y: e x' P [ ]! h9 V7 L( ^/ ?7 `1 j
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 i- i: h1 u: D( a% K$ l) I3 W- ?8 Y# p% ~( v. u
116. Generalized strike
5 F4 r, \" T- Z% w" A3 c' _: C+ V
117. General strike
7 w* I/ H5 _, b+ w* M* ^' u3 C
0 [2 y& Y) y2 p$ t* bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 a6 e: P& q9 s* X
@( a* n) f3 [9 q* E: F$ g2 P 118. Hartal0 G i/ m! i1 e8 n+ g, ?" [+ j
w, u; w1 E1 y8 j 119. Economic shutdown3 f0 R! @8 p; t% c$ j& k3 u
" e. K* v/ x4 r/ C3 C$ i) K/ E 2 ~3 ^; ~0 f$ |$ v, J$ H
8 h$ F s1 r3 C: E! H
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority7 A! o" A6 H* G! c N; i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ v+ k$ {6 e+ n8 ~- i
121. Refusal of public support$ Z- P- x D1 H: K) e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# a) c; I+ S- J2 \( m
& Q9 f5 N6 \, t0 O; F- c* H
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ @8 D6 E5 I- n5 C d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" ~- H% Z) \' |& `
124. Boycott of elections
1 [& n$ m* r7 M& W* w( @8 g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 n- G) ~2 r3 I% n5 J+ |; A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- M1 k+ m @* h& m1 ?$ v/ m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# C6 s% j* U! i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ j) j8 u! x/ o3 S1 c5 k3 ?0 K8 |' R# g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 p& }$ p6 l1 e8 \ T! Z. y/ o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. }8 s$ w& I' M; D$ f# h6 l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& ]2 ~2 a# X9 t9 P/ M1 Q* d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, p* j, u+ u3 d
3 d# F2 N/ B% _) \ K8 jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 ?: F( j7 d4 E) A, E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
|% n2 ^( A4 _5 p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. Z) ~) O' l* Q. | 135. Popular nonobedience$ a1 I1 I' a, Y5 z' C! y+ W
136. Disguised disobedience
& v* _" G0 A7 P' z7 m: x# A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 r$ [1 `: C- Y$ c, D+ C( }+ N
138. Sitdown
8 j2 l' m' w7 Z7 Q! |6 ^: C/ F& @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ c- ^/ w' I/ N2 c6 J$ @) B* e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" t! N! m! J, w1 c s( P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ l$ u2 b3 X7 q2 j( @5 S0 G$ ]) w$ T h% \1 k0 Y& H
Action by Government Personnel' s9 d ^5 o9 k9 G4 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 t5 w3 x+ [+ R9 ~2 Y' Q# I8 y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" l, s( S4 G, H0 @) P; p 144. Stalling and obstruction' U7 u! I, }* d8 b! _
145. General administrative noncooperation+ ^- ?3 b; K( q* W1 I( ^
/ d4 N2 \& Y& V, P
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 a$ t$ u& j0 f 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 _/ m4 i# m" c, C1 }
148. Mutiny
" O; H# s1 M. h5 lDomestic Governmental Action, Y V' f" c& S n+ m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 W& r' F9 o0 `$ }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 F$ s6 f, A: Z/ c
" _5 i* g) }" y
International Governmental Action' w. B- _4 O& n ?' t4 ]' z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 r, L. L. `9 `2 S% a, \% _1 n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; F( P9 w- \6 X/ u+ ~! c0 c/ I% t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 c& K- m, m+ d; C7 M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( i9 n% L- g! q0 C5 X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: z9 Z; K' E% V, S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 P3 d8 J" o8 ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 g) C$ P1 K# G5 s4 V/ O" Y9 q) L& t! g9 W
1 c% |3 P% b M j8 p' v2 r! l $ H4 e# [$ b: B. v
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: V5 [) ^* c0 [. e9 ~4 j' ]3 A5 _/ h2 T8 G
" d- n& v! K+ ?% G G
Psychological Intervention8 r$ a3 d" M8 Y7 o. T
158. Self-exposure to the elements
% @* W2 N& `; F6 \. J! i 159. The fast- _& H5 j; _! G5 t
a) Fast of moral pressure" B- U4 K; Z- ]3 T2 O5 @' b4 [
b) Hunger strike5 M9 r) @& e( @
c) Satyagrahic fast
% d- f9 y* q# d* [ O 160. Reverse trial
3 v* }& Z' c B+ y8 X2 F 161. Nonviolent harassment8 H, [5 i: f& o) M3 w( k* F1 z5 X8 e( M
2 f" D' k5 f! Z+ x$ x) KPhysical Intervention. _# Q$ i _( A. n$ x( F/ d
162. Sit-in
, p+ a5 h. |7 d# a# { a; _ 163. Stand-in! P' b$ B* K* X; r9 s% _6 s
164. Ride-in% v7 v* x9 O7 v" \, E' s
165. Wade-in4 ^/ R; s: v0 V- X2 O
166. Mill-in F5 Q2 X# Q' q! C# }3 _; D
167. Pray-in
* ~" h: M$ F5 _8 b/ ^- L! { 168. Nonviolent raids G* @2 W* ]+ j1 t5 n6 F4 z
169. Nonviolent air raids
! s* _" [$ O: E) A2 V& O 170. Nonviolent invasion
/ N7 f( Z' `3 I) C. R) ` 171. Nonviolent interjection
0 {7 k5 K4 T$ c. s 172. Nonviolent obstruction" n3 m" J4 k7 L3 E K+ J
173. Nonviolent occupation- z% `: G+ w' @! L
2 ?" h4 Q& ^5 t- v- k! ZSocial Intervention
/ Z2 }' j; U! c1 l0 w 174. Establishing new social patterns- Y& C" [2 |! Z8 v6 X5 W5 _6 c
175. Overloading of facilities: O" a' p. ? Y9 O% u3 S' d
176. Stall-in& _: [9 J+ l5 v7 G& y. { S8 S# K E
177. Speak-in- f& y3 a3 |5 O+ o: @/ ]" C
178. Guerrilla theater9 ^+ h0 d* ~5 Y6 m2 e3 H
179. Alternative social institutions$ ^# R- N8 a8 |( V' ?4 `
180. Alternative communication system
8 ~, j2 W8 ~0 m& x
: S0 T. K# F9 b% |Economic Intervention
' j9 f2 n- s& N3 t: i 181. Reverse strike
/ k" Y2 W0 g3 v4 i1 p/ p 182. Stay-in strike
: B/ w# g9 \( ]# ]% S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. C- Y. V o& \! h- ~$ E 184. Defiance of blockades
7 M8 q6 G( s( v, Z& D& c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 X" L" w( h4 a" y% a 186. Preclusive purchasing4 ?& t) |' G+ ^5 L' d4 }' k: O0 J
187. Seizure of assets
2 F3 G/ l+ b2 O* C: o 188. Dumping" k) B9 g R* T
189. Selective patronage" o' l1 i) M4 b! A- g5 l
190. Alternative markets
4 I+ D+ _/ Y9 i- E: a/ C0 t) I 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 o( P3 ]7 M6 r' q1 d( Z' P$ q 192. Alternative economic institutions1 D" y5 a. j4 a0 V
# u& ], J3 ?, p& m8 m; ^6 dPolitical Intervention
/ m4 \* P5 H, `! B! \7 J" G 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 L4 v2 k* f; u8 X! c. \' B J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# W A0 f; |- z& k" [4 n( n" S 195. Seeking imprisonment8 P- [. l1 a4 e$ U* ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 K1 J0 j. R# F p* A
197. Work-on without collaboration
U! g$ @' N' f% m0 Z7 I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( Q+ _8 N( ~. B% F, ^
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
