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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯) n$ X) ]7 p+ z, q, D
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。" f/ ]$ _" m5 z0 g5 y4 o L6 C% n
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!7 r2 `$ p: ^5 A; U
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(1) empty suit:3 u9 |( M7 W9 N1 e8 K6 \$ o
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
% u4 N& N5 w# M+ g# l' A(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
) k0 G( g; A- I& X4 ]例如:
; T' Y% f$ Z, n% A5 L HAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
; W( @1 y: U, g* g$ `8 [2 q(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
" U8 d3 |* }3 v/ mMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
2 v" n1 T: L$ P7 |) ^3 u; o! Y(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
5 O a3 @ l% L5 s0 o, d- ~虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
y0 Z2 f3 R0 B( dThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
6 o- j7 z/ p1 h: {1 m! o0 y(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人) f( {4 y" v# n: o+ t
(2) fair-haired boy:) M, j# W' z6 m5 l" @
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)9 [5 a: ?/ f7 q, D
(通常用单数,当名词用)
3 V V. k) X& o7 I, A* [) C例如:
7 f1 F# i$ k1 C4 C0 H5 i. qMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent. B% L+ ?3 a+ Z
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。); o0 O9 q+ a' ?% T8 c; ^
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions. O6 i# t0 o4 v t' r, H
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
; F! ?# U. ?# Q* q2 D有时也可用复数:
4 T! J' I0 K+ ]3 M7 K2 W& eMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet., F# T$ g5 z* g6 ?9 m+ H+ r
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
; X D5 J+ J* L# l- uFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
3 @) X: P. M5 R; l0 M* b7 i(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)" }$ W9 ~! r7 k$ ?0 k
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法). N/ t3 K1 A: L/ \
(3) fishing expedition:
2 z) A& z' s9 w' \为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
! {' ^$ I, a1 z! G(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
3 C0 n8 C1 f3 B- w* J2 e, H( R例如:$ Z+ H# C4 n! W- q# G6 x
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
! v; s' S" q- L; ?% \(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
0 }, z: F! j/ aThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.1 `1 g3 u( f2 i6 F
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)0 ]* ^7 g. P+ f* \( C1 ~6 p
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
% m: y3 G f$ U ^3 l' G: pThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.& ?" p3 v& w# p) T% b/ k
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
- D1 g! y3 T3 V& ?' ^偶尔也有人用复数:) N& D9 }3 v9 r. F
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office. x4 N3 I3 S4 n9 I! @
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
/ o3 U6 p0 ]* w8 A(4) filthy rich:4 B, H7 r( D1 [
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
& U _6 b7 K7 O: L6 w(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱). F% i, p9 n) Y* j) S; i
多半当形容词用。例如:( u3 ~* A( z9 e* o( n- p
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
; A0 v0 ?# h" ]; C4 x# Z" o( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
2 x% P! D1 |% c. y# \! M+ Q r! w, hDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
# ?3 c: P3 l( d$ Z) B" m9 e(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
# v* t# A4 N8 Y$ p$ M" y3 c/ {6 }A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
+ I1 X+ p% ?6 K; y; R/ n) s(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)' n( S' \$ F" P' U2 L
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.: P5 J* C. k, ~2 o# M* b1 k6 t1 @
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)9 X: g u3 [3 U" b& V) i7 R3 u
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
1 f9 T) K; E" {) B9 B$ R2 X(5) fairy godmother:, @3 x2 N; E* A3 I8 }/ l6 d
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
. J3 M9 O% q* j(多半指有钱的女人)1 v0 ?) M& @. e, h z L- U! B+ d
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:" k! }- {+ b4 C% i
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
& _4 z9 @7 r) J ]. i1 t4 p) \. n: z(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
) w7 H$ a/ u7 @After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
1 q* a" l- o2 D! t(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)" p% @0 M: Q7 t$ u
有时也用复数:
( H* R" W5 D3 P8 q1 q% s3 bOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.! G1 ~# H. _3 j
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)1 B% W+ R: D; M1 n n
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.. B1 W4 {$ _1 y) l( J; z; p' k) R
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。), l1 S& `+ D. x7 a( `5 b6 N
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6)eye opener:8 u c _5 s$ N& z+ F
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion): j# r1 |/ w, K1 C7 w
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
3 r; O! k( }1 |! H5 ~1 U例如:
4 G3 @3 o: Q, `# v8 {Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.* x, ~) {9 _( {1 f. M% c+ d
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)$ ?' D; ]2 d7 i, @, x# d; ]! s
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
- {! q4 k1 z3 }3 j0 L$ P+ z: K d(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
9 c! p# ?0 L8 z* h6 A0 yThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
6 y6 G4 e$ [ V6 I5 |0 }0 {(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)3 L8 R: Y( i6 Q
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.% K/ W V2 B. N4 X
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
# ^+ E9 x8 y5 X1 d3 J(7) hot dog:! {1 [2 Z {8 ~4 i: g2 Q
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用), o6 S6 I7 N# e8 H8 ?8 x) D" K
例如:
- |& @; l$ T2 _9 H0 X; Z+ F) | SSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
- u( p1 m: g- M; U(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)+ p( H# p* C. y2 S, ?: i
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)5 r* W3 a$ e" S
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
5 o, f9 e, e" J% S7 \(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)# u9 @6 k) l/ P8 X. I
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)7 \1 k" t- w7 Y
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.4 G7 y/ y! E& I8 P0 ^3 v, n6 L
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
7 ?8 |0 a2 c( i. h6 M也指真正的热狗食物:
) P h. q! E3 B( _3 xThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
. \/ [( u8 X$ A$ G2 c/ W, T(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
( z$ J! |, f1 w h也可表达欣赏的心情:
8 R: Z E' V- B# w. pHot dog ! What great news for me.
# G" W' V+ q: n3 Q) z. B(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
6 g8 Z# z; ]$ b& e/ G( ~(8)eager beaver:
5 ~0 Y3 ~- a; p" Q指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
6 n. m9 H$ v! ?2 j5 Q(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。). x* O/ ]) {% Z$ |- q
(当名词用,可指男女)
7 N% z- ?- m, x8 c& R6 i0 A7 ?1 H例如:* } C5 H( K$ R# ~( k
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
( z7 J+ M' w& D" ]! p(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。); h# Y$ t# v2 B9 l
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.1 I% W* }" Y9 q( P$ u
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
" V. U) V" x# l z1 GDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?! D6 x+ p6 t0 ]" V, h; G% ^
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
, Z) o! b2 _; y4 L0 i2 \You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.( ?2 f! L# L2 ~) F' ]
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。): @% ?8 Y4 A1 c/ g0 Y0 ~
(9)doubting Thomas:
& K- C. _7 P$ n) B$ z7 V, {这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
: n7 m( a' G8 Q) ^4 @(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)& @: A" b& m8 r5 {
(当名词用)4 o, {3 x6 I5 h$ z: q6 Y. Q' y
例如:
' s: I: {2 \1 bI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.- ~/ a& d" S1 f. O. N
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)! P3 y+ ]+ J/ L* F
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.! T. Y: N8 W: K& L6 P4 m
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
5 x& |5 ~2 o% s- y- y9 j也可用复数:
9 _! W: j, b* O5 M& ~7 u. H5 FMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
4 G) L6 Y5 j5 j3 V(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)4 i7 q. K, _* K
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
7 z N2 Q) V$ p7 [(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
" d; [) N9 b% M- l r% ~% U(10)dragon lady:0 |9 g* i* y: Z }7 D& i! @
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
2 ~6 [* [0 Y4 p例如:
3 A5 h1 ?! a& E9 k& @/ GThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.; k O* [2 O' A( \- H
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
& r& y' f8 h; K- BI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.. @- ]7 d6 k1 g4 t. ?) v2 T$ ~* S. `
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)6 ?+ x/ [0 F* l$ G! e
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?/ S# _/ m% R# A/ r; ?# E% U
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
: W \% }& x R) m3 P也可用复数:
2 a/ b2 S. Y5 }( XThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.1 l- C8 p6 h$ l8 n' r. g" p+ Y- v
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
( t( K# ? G% v. L注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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