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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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- S. ~9 H, Z1 S0 F* b 一、厕所
3 @- h! f1 T; y4 { 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 : n, u& c9 z0 q9 T
0 n( f. g+ S) M 二、解小便 ' ~' e$ D! v3 q" J3 C
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ) x z6 V* L1 u8 ^9 M# C5 j, I
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? , f' \( c7 k" @' z- R3 g
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医生或许也会问:
) a' ~) b! [- I" h v/ I- Z Do you have trouble urinating? $ o' R) ]3 O: ^0 G
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) , h" S, U7 r: Y' m3 X
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此外,还有其他的说法: $ g( z. ^% s: r! K) i
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! f( E* ]6 d- W1 m * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. & K" b/ m4 N6 D; F% U- {$ B+ @
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - R2 {% [8 I$ ?* v
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 9 u2 S& n& z2 e% Q! R k6 Z
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. / S: n6 F R1 Q1 w* Y/ r
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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1 A2 F# z! p- `/ x* [ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
* w! F: P! P) e3 [ 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
6 q/ g. u9 t) U G/ A/ Y! H 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: % s) [) [9 @" t2 O) ^
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
L) L3 [! u+ O& O* S% W * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 9 \1 \2 K( q9 }5 ?( e1 @+ Z
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
# P6 q2 @3 P6 q; \# j% | * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 0 F0 i. F# b8 Q- }
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
v3 i8 q; u. C* v2 b! n * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 r0 o* {$ g) ]6 Q' e% ~0 P) w
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) " D0 s$ h. u2 C; V5 j
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
6 c L9 X1 W" L! a% @ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) - _' v, a# o* W% @8 b1 W% g: k
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三、解大便
; k+ q3 [+ m! i& q" m- F: k# e$ v& D 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
/ s5 Y! g& S' y8 S1 x. C to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 3 D" a5 u% w* o; o$ _# Z
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
# }" B+ |/ H B- |6 K * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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# X1 j8 Y& q; `6 m& @3 m 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
5 W5 I0 L# {3 E5 { * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 5 Q% I9 x3 b1 V( w
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: % u1 {* E7 {1 W2 Z% m1 Q
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ( Q _$ {$ C4 p
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四、放屁 : N* _$ m9 q* ~5 X5 g# H
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ D( w3 X9 J$ k' u How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
4 Y! H4 a/ L3 T 你放屁的次数很多吗? % K& ~" V# `6 F* Z! s/ T2 J
* Is the gas expelled by belching? : j$ e& f/ M; `( I1 Y
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
( y w% {0 p& E * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 0 a7 o' Y% w8 B3 [6 W; C
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
4 m$ z7 H/ R2 K# J! Q * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
' M b) P3 [1 E7 K# l4 z5 b 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 R7 d9 |6 ]- @# d% h% P+ }0 a
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 e6 u0 \; I$ x8 l
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 * ?! l) ^; w5 p W! z6 |( l
2 Q5 f# e! s, x/ e* l 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
- Y' x& D* ? l; b * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) % P$ p4 } Q% Y0 ]" ], F
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. Q; Z# J5 z9 K8 Z5 Z- Y9 j4 M F: e6 k
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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3 Y+ Y% A, M. U3 V * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 2 D4 ]2 C- s3 `' u0 z$ F. Y e
胃不舒服有两星期了。) ! N! K! ]+ w" _" N; @! U! T
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 K. E1 N8 A: D2 \8 R/ t
他经常便秘。) 或
: n& L" x E5 c * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
# R% ]$ l5 V7 }2 s: H * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 0 e' R3 ~2 G8 C- C
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
, {8 f3 a8 R8 | K2 v 他拉了一阵肚子。 6 V1 G! ~/ N$ [- b2 r8 S2 r
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ) t' a6 G- g; [% v
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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