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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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6 c: ^& p4 Y2 x* E+ j 一、厕所 7 w4 H! R% Y9 ~" S! |+ Q4 k9 X
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 2 |, |/ H& J/ V
5 Z* y2 J( |& M' ^ 二、解小便
6 z2 M: Y% b! m2 @* @ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
& R; @! f# L9 ]) s! I Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) X/ I+ ?% J, t0 |; ? Do you have trouble urinating? ) M* G( z% r7 D' y% v" e0 ~
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & B+ ^# n- V3 c! `
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此外,还有其他的说法:
7 F2 m1 y5 l. Q1 A. v% @+ b7 k to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) p' ]: l7 t, ]' J( q/ i& c * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ; h. x% z1 M5 A% @5 o
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: % a; T3 K6 R g4 X d
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 6 b& O8 A% G3 t- E% @. H. B
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
" _" p3 d3 x+ m7 U% N; g7 y 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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# x0 ^3 B& V9 [) X, s' m; a9 G3 U( ?: O * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
! T, R. n# T" C8 H% R 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ( M1 S" T6 Z8 g8 [# u% F* x4 p
1 i0 e( B( M: A l! f 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
}9 O' K% I" v, _. t1 n8 Z" | * The boy needs to pee. ; r: @: a: M$ ^
6 _, a* R8 Y- q; k% }' U J }. W, ?, C 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
8 z+ Z" \4 @% d4 {. t * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 e6 B" U. O0 E# ~7 F" l/ e * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. # @$ t- g) F W4 R
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) + b: r' Y2 D1 t- F, ?& ^6 L
+ o- {$ a1 V& b 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 7 f" h% C1 a1 a5 p6 C: K3 _
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
P5 ^% x* S( o, W: d * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 8 L3 n' w% Z z1 C) p0 ?5 o8 e
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
r' E$ D3 K& ]4 f/ o, [) ]; L0 { * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) " B/ }5 T3 M9 R" Y( N9 p4 ]* a. B
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三、解大便
! b' P3 f; B& j' _# l3 | 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 8 `# A" j' V; s; x+ L
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
. S7 C3 C/ Z" P6 [; I =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
7 X$ m6 W5 l) x* I * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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5 c' A' u1 a+ Y3 W0 h 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: % r) f! R$ F( G" l$ T! k% U
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 9 [# |" Y l ~' v" J. b% z
4 N X! W: Q8 B2 e, L4 ^3 ?! ~ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
" k6 q5 I; {: q * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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3 j3 F! q0 V- f, S/ F7 t0 F 四、放屁
6 b2 b% z. K8 J' p' k: i8 x' v- @, N 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: + E, t8 y& C8 ?, e2 r
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ( V) f0 f+ {0 @7 R, m$ T
你放屁的次数很多吗?
" ]$ K+ s# A6 @' y * Is the gas expelled by belching?
4 ]# d' q4 W) x; Y) W 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
3 \( h j- D) n; _# O$ j- ] * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 2 @0 Z9 g8 `5 @+ t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
6 P ?1 r" ~: W5 v0 w8 x8 i0 C * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
^! J1 m0 v2 J9 b& I5 ^ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 v" h2 S+ x/ C, \* R" R
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
1 Z8 V- }% k( Y9 x3 c9 k 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # w9 ~7 \" q* {
1 y# B$ O& T' T' n" w 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # f# ^! ` o' k$ G6 P
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
+ g4 V" J* l: U = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ( ~0 j( _) S7 C, G+ U
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) , ] w$ e. `" k7 F! r3 w
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
7 y) E) E# C* i! d* u- T- P9 E 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 9 O) n% C2 b* J4 H8 i# c
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) # h1 c) P8 B: ]
他经常便秘。) 或 * x& Q& L9 j1 @7 x9 N
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
! D# l/ m Y) _- ?$ e* @6 G! l. c3 J * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 + z, k5 K# s5 z8 G6 I8 ^7 T7 G
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
- @" R6 `- c+ S( Y4 p9 F 他拉了一阵肚子。 + |+ Y$ _/ m% ?: p1 d3 D) P
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
+ u& S9 Z$ o4 N 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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