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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 6 e ` S4 k% B7 o
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一、厕所
: h/ |7 X3 k( U6 G# r* @; } 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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~ d3 Q3 U0 S 二、解小便 ! d: r* e8 d/ e* u* e
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: . J4 U! i/ a- b9 K
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: $ X W" D$ {) ^( s! m8 n
Do you have trouble urinating? ( J9 ~* N( J9 p) ^
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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) Z* o2 A9 b$ J 此外,还有其他的说法: 9 o. c: c# S# m [9 h; d8 T
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 3 S7 j l, {9 b3 R) {
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. * ~. ^1 N: O/ T' n9 c
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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( u% X, Y6 ^5 Z! N* y- ?' o 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ) n& S; d: I9 y: B. Z$ b% C
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - b" C$ j+ v2 r
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
7 K7 M6 R# c2 q8 g" y) X 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 : p( I# K- ]( V$ J) Y5 s
! c F- D( _2 x4 l u8 g" U& x * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
: ^+ `' f; s' {: @# J4 ` 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ) S9 ]+ [; ?1 v1 x) a+ x9 r
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
5 k5 {2 {, b% L' b: F# h% Z * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / ?! Y8 \# S! E5 z1 Z7 \3 e
* Do I need a urine test?
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?- u7 ]+ i1 j2 R( i 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
: a7 d7 u0 g$ i' C. F * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , V8 D/ f; c, L' s: M+ d
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 8 ~9 l- f$ C4 N) b* z* `
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ; _' u6 I( ~1 F" [2 v$ X" }
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 M9 l* C' Y; ~4 J6 x4 O9 ~; M * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
( _* C3 j; j: @- v4 B4 R6 {- ^' H& H( | * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
' H& c. W4 w3 |: O+ W; V% x; X * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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9 `% P9 T" w4 ^ \; p T4 t 三、解大便 4 m5 T7 c: c% F& A
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
2 P0 _. {8 u: r2 O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& t. v W( x# k) C& @ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
: v9 F6 `- h5 n+ { * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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; N" g/ `7 W/ D" Q5 k8 z 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 4 m& H' z6 z# P6 p9 G
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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) f& Z/ [3 H# ^ I* f% b 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
- I$ u7 `1 U( n4 f/ u6 f * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# H& M& J& m2 n+ `& L! g 四、放屁
+ R3 e6 Y/ d+ L 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
! v2 R [/ d8 |3 y7 d" o- |' | How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ; m1 S+ o) p& U3 ^4 B" v
你放屁的次数很多吗?
8 @& b. r S8 M. m * Is the gas expelled by belching? ' F2 c0 P4 |* o" h8 d+ J8 f, I
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 S$ ?5 U" L$ ~& _5 i/ d7 Q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
( t! j$ \7 A x5 p; ]2 m 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 0 B" X, k- ` l$ S$ k& C Z2 [! w6 B1 B
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 6 n8 t2 L8 z# j- @
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 2 e$ o, L. I3 ` f, g# U* `5 N5 F
* Be careful not to fart in the public. " ?( a- [1 B4 [8 [( |' M; a; \
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 8 k) A( y) E5 e4 J& N2 `6 u% ]
3 C. \7 R! e0 p$ s8 @' P& N b 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
( ~1 E/ O z* X3 X i * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
0 k9 d- J9 b& C, {& ]9 t = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
4 Z7 W& X5 Y5 _# L 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
+ e$ @3 f# J" k7 z 胃不舒服有两星期了。) , |+ {" j: b9 T
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) / T6 Q& S! J% w2 b" a+ V; k! Y3 m b
他经常便秘。) 或 8 s1 u$ [& ~: e7 q/ _) d+ W
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
$ n7 \) Y/ D9 ^# N9 i * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 3 K% i0 W8 g5 O3 a, m! K, g, ` \
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ) `: x- V6 W2 Z ]# E
! M1 a' L+ D8 a2 v' E* u * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. " O7 v* ?: D1 _8 l
他拉了一阵肚子。
3 O7 a% I+ I4 d& E9 N0 O! K$ ~ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
) I: [% C: w% g; x 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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