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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 6 R2 \: i9 U" |9 r0 H8 B
. d" `8 h N" P! Q 一、厕所 * L5 Q% ~- ~, U; |- q
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 C. j0 n Q. L- H% U: n4 V
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二、解小便 % b* y' t$ @4 A$ r# Q( a
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
' u: L3 L; z- Y# l# G% c1 v Will (could) you urinate in this cup? / J3 N/ y" X1 X! z2 F# K
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医生或许也会问:
1 H$ J; g9 l9 _0 \+ Y0 F Do you have trouble urinating?
l3 K. x/ J( r" R" D+ q7 { =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
( g7 X0 H5 A5 x: P3 _+ v to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 5 S$ e# a/ n* ^5 b# U# ?0 Q
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
4 e* I0 k' `5 e6 ^# I * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) # S2 c9 X0 v. Q% \' [$ l6 q
5 V h! Q+ C) ]" H' }6 l 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ! V5 t" R. z* y3 d2 U
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
' |% z+ B8 r8 k7 n 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 + Y) K4 k2 ^8 r+ R2 V
0 w" d+ {* y2 E! f( A4 T+ C * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ) W+ ]" {. h& v
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 1 P: ?( P( v& B/ l2 e
1 Z" {3 {8 G" V * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
. q$ Y: v0 c$ x3 a, S0 d 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 8 f/ e) }& O0 a7 W5 D8 b) X
2 F/ s: e) Q- n3 ]: \2 ] 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
' h% p& y2 N6 e) @- Y7 M * The boy needs to pee. 4 ~9 G8 s1 L5 Y
3 f! n1 y2 c& l$ G" x- { 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: + y U3 A6 S' q3 ]- q W5 o+ J
* Do I need a urine test?
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3 @/ F7 _7 Q- R& U7 b: j, J$ p 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
$ x' t4 K/ C* Z3 N; g * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
- `7 d" q0 d9 J3 o. V. }. v1 G * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
+ q/ s* J% X4 l- t; l * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
% N5 d( C- j/ c; b: R& u8 d7 t * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) + E- S0 R8 b9 Y0 X8 W0 V
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) / O8 \+ y4 k) O( N
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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5 U. }8 {) w9 R% c% l* m 三、解大便 8 Q7 \4 L2 q. n
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
8 T6 L( l9 N6 h# ^' y! k to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) , T+ z/ w z4 W- ]7 b" |; H
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ( K6 u: N0 U& y/ @" Y5 \! W
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 2 o! D1 W, K( S4 y# ]+ X- s( }# Z
; q: i1 z# @! H/ {$ a1 Q" @) p3 O6 G 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
. Q; z, ^% A, Y: g" Z" m* X& y * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) " [/ r1 H x; d9 f4 d% w1 Y; u
9 h# n' t( ?8 a" E& W4 k 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
: H5 `1 ^) k3 S- V; g, ] * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 & ]5 R3 }' f- m5 H" V
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ; T* e5 C- _- r
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? # c$ w/ V1 F" a$ P
你放屁的次数很多吗?
_4 w4 q! E' ~& s; | * Is the gas expelled by belching?
$ c$ H. Q% k; _ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
3 ` g- E; \% U3 j * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. : u/ G4 y* v$ B- V/ R: B$ k. }
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 # Z/ D& ~- |, t1 p2 n' @
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ t( I0 I; q2 M9 O' k0 T
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ! C d7 f: n: o- h3 ~
* Be careful not to fart in the public. * R- D# c8 v7 E v, s+ e+ z
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ) E# H; {, u: \* p+ T
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
% U$ @' `) B& ^ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 g/ O1 z/ W* l
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. . l. o! q4 s7 V* ?( x# M
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) - C4 X' x% R _
- E4 H2 N/ g! w( D3 j# X * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
. _, r; A4 |6 C/ ?% \ 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
8 m1 v' D M# H * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ! I$ A) V, ~7 H
他经常便秘。) 或 5 t% Q, D% T) g, R2 f2 R
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 * Y( K" c* c- g9 u
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
+ r' D' D$ ]# j4 c6 l * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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9 T1 d! G0 ^) k6 f9 z0 \" n f$ A: D! K * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. # L( n) Z% G* O! y4 C$ L# ~
他拉了一阵肚子。
# Q/ P6 N8 L n) f' t$ n6 o9 m s * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
* {. t M8 C) e, [# q+ y1 l 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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