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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
2 X+ D- \* ~9 y: X9 R8 T$ ? 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 ^5 c% V! O# O6 } H, m4 \
6 U# r" H' `& U# ~. I% I 二、解小便
0 W, {- C3 A0 m; D/ P7 Y) l4 T 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
. E$ J* N# u; ]3 \' ?; A Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 0 ]( G- l1 f1 {/ q; e
5 ], ~1 M8 d, ?( @ 医生或许也会问:
% c1 c2 _7 T5 K/ W6 x" I Do you have trouble urinating?
i# m7 U; m$ w4 B =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ; ^+ L& ^+ F7 ]( }
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此外,还有其他的说法: " r3 E5 i. E+ B$ R% U
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
; t0 Y @9 v8 P$ h+ N * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
& _' B- s" U' i1 q$ B5 v * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) & X3 n8 l% H( W }2 W6 j: T' D8 Q( w3 R& g
, |! B5 k# h* a. f# U# z* [5 [ 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
& O/ P) `6 v2 D! C- u * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. * b( L, y3 s. @- s7 {5 {7 E. O
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. / n0 D- d4 }5 z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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$ y5 _; x& F& I: ]8 K * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. & b1 f& K+ D8 \( I
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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) x: l+ i1 }" @: D5 i$ _ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 8 {0 D' ?. n+ a9 s9 U
* The boy needs to pee.
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- b( `6 F, W/ G) l, U 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % c7 n' a0 ^/ p3 f# D
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 x! Z" Q) ?% ?- R1 ^ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ! y& C% Q% ?' x3 z5 a) w1 `9 T; r, v
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 2 |: q( E4 r9 v9 ?* P
$ `+ `. n! F4 `+ r 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: + }8 [8 B: d+ q. z5 `
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
- h' o0 T1 R: c" {1 L% R# G5 T * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
: u8 _3 k; s: Z; r, k * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
% d8 F" |4 x7 p" w+ @ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 " P( R( Q" d% F' e8 b2 u
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: n, z0 O- ?0 v5 Q to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 0 t! ~7 J/ o1 S( L
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ' W, ]" ?% w5 ~" ~, ^: V
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 6 o1 s% _2 q+ X7 T9 W; ^
( e% X( y- ]& S7 Q* ] n @6 T 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 1 Y' I- q& C) ^" W
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: / h O, [. O! {) T: d, v
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 5 `: L1 x' D0 M7 ]' Y
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四、放屁 3 w! \& W% L$ |8 \& k' x
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 h4 c, D/ p P How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 2 A2 k, h' c1 Y5 T1 f. J
你放屁的次数很多吗? % @; l* v5 M# h
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
% Q( ?; ^, S( d) ^0 o 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
0 j% b. G, u% w. o * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. * q! b* `1 Y0 I4 a+ p3 q9 _
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 2 E0 D, H) }) a, I8 K' j% P' M7 B
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 1 C. n3 r# M7 s7 G1 e
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ' N/ d8 X5 V' q {/ m: M1 e6 A
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
5 }2 t4 ~* U: w. E4 M 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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0 E1 _& V9 A5 c9 d$ K( g5 s 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 3 N/ ~' q! q0 }8 b% g
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ( S) v& `+ a# J% [: Q
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
+ E# s* c$ M& C1 n 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) * I! y/ R# B# n
% y6 c4 E9 |5 d8 u7 P- H2 J( p * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 5 @+ W) S* C- s
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 j0 t7 w6 I9 P * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 0 c2 G w, ~/ v8 x \5 @- N
他经常便秘。) 或 : l7 }7 R& n. A' O/ ?
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
2 X4 J5 Z. a/ ] * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
+ [; I8 R" [$ H2 c * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. % ~) ?/ {' B( t# l
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 3 b' r6 i5 Q9 v$ B4 H! D
他拉了一阵肚子。
, L2 X1 K4 l+ w7 \" g% R * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 0 e5 T# Y+ W* q U
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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