 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! % E1 m# J( U0 `. H8 u
6 M) X7 A! ^0 Z9 k3 y0 y 一、厕所 0 Y0 |- B) y3 p; K
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
; m( M7 x& o: \) z: o2 t6 g* N* Z1 @' f* K+ @
二、解小便 , C9 ], k2 V: T( }- f9 R f
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ) d' O+ E4 w% n( Q: P
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ( y1 M! c i5 M @/ e
) w* a N/ u. B4 h; q* U- \: s 医生或许也会问:
. @- ^$ p4 |: i/ O l7 r! L Do you have trouble urinating?
. s! j+ U: S& }: Z3 m; H =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
]( N7 H+ {7 t8 H) w
) v" b: y" n6 m* r+ s9 a 此外,还有其他的说法: ( n& t* S; d; O! K( |$ Q0 P
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) O% g+ s {3 U0 j * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
1 z9 ]+ ^, ^# e6 U4 ~ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) . ]' x) j! S3 b) }. N
- v' e) ^' G0 O) z$ H- `8 ?3 [ 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
1 P( ]& z _. R * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ( f. x6 V; K$ l
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
8 d4 C7 M% I" A8 g! ^& W- E+ w7 P; j: ^# w) K/ ^# Q" h
* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
) v7 M; N8 {6 T 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
4 p: T$ N+ |8 B: p+ c2 b8 D' m" z1 H* i" {7 w+ A$ F- y
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) k- M2 V6 l" B
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
3 g. X7 T0 E, [; w/ R! n
1 I5 M5 @- ^% }# n4 d. f 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: * Y, G6 b. G1 Q7 A
* The boy needs to pee. . m6 k9 p2 A5 {
+ d2 f. D/ Q# }2 | 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 8 y- Y7 G. V$ G9 I2 K9 K
* Do I need a urine test?
4 w+ P- a* n' B; _! P+ H* a2 Z. g) `4 `. v$ y3 a$ L
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ) H, ^3 L. s4 v0 J& r- `# b
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
, e, a6 G- M* [* D, q * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) - K, |, }' h- p0 r" k, L+ ]' V: {
" ~5 b6 E& Q P$ h 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
% a J9 V7 G5 j * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
1 K6 |7 e: V) v * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) " `% l2 }, o% ~6 p) E
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
6 A9 k' a2 c3 i1 n3 I * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 1 Z1 g* u# X b7 ^8 n: g/ o
/ U3 n& D. h; i2 M 三、解大便 5 N! i; b( g2 D8 o3 d: w; E
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
9 D/ z6 l% h R/ z to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
5 j* _. d( v7 m ^7 {8 J8 u, ^2 @ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
# K5 m( ^) Q6 n: C; B; ?& Z: t * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) z. b* O4 Q/ T4 X9 I& ~3 H
! ~6 F3 ?+ |8 z 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 7 N. f: P! J1 { z% ^4 D2 _ X
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
* a& `9 S# a7 m7 @- Z+ d( X/ M* X3 f" d$ a: F
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: . h- X% r) y0 ?( U( T
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
1 v0 f) D0 q4 E6 U. n$ }8 g+ Q% F; W/ _ ]7 l4 @
四、放屁
% a% m8 x2 S3 j8 ], c' U 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 6 I$ d/ {* F2 r+ m' R
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 9 j9 A2 a1 y* z4 A# Z' i9 L- n+ R
你放屁的次数很多吗? ; J% M! s F% p, ], d
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
5 d3 x5 S" ^$ `: ^" x 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
/ g5 Z0 `8 r0 q% L3 @/ q! i# o& m * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
% o) K- S1 ~: O$ u* R 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
1 m4 n: L: C k; j2 m * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ n/ ?- D6 ~- z$ T6 C! [/ o 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
; o0 A& p; ^. \- l* m9 s0 r * Be careful not to fart in the public.
& t Q" Y4 w3 P! \7 B 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
; s2 S3 I, ^# q' v6 y8 K, \% D) A
, T! r) |, i3 W* S9 x3 k6 B 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
% W2 q/ G S% p" S1 f9 m( Z * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 0 G; W# P. J+ p: N: t
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
: B6 V; I/ S2 c% m 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
* {# q7 Q! m/ ^( Y1 x, f: U2 H) \: M6 T
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , Y$ c$ O5 p4 s0 v
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 0 A9 n8 z5 s+ u* W* i3 R, K
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 B! O: M9 l6 m
他经常便秘。) 或
" J. P1 C7 M1 i% z, S& j# f * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 " V; d( w5 g+ g: t
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 2 q6 {% F H4 b! B* |
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. : V, e# `0 ^: M. K' D4 r5 B3 w$ O
5 u c+ a+ W/ Z! p1 m
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& l z+ }8 r4 v3 d } 他拉了一阵肚子。
# r3 s# d5 K! @4 W9 j5 Q6 c * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 4 s ~1 j4 q1 A
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
|