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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # ?+ ^( _0 a x: P- H) F
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一、厕所
N; q( F$ e7 s: |0 E0 Q7 T3 q 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 g W1 d4 Q5 g* f. X! Z5 |
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: / r: u0 s5 }# y' y" R% W& }* H. z
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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* ? s$ M# |8 e- J" l# W 医生或许也会问: ! g" `* Q5 l1 {: g3 M( X
Do you have trouble urinating? |8 i/ n5 _8 t) o$ B
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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7 t, p- y; i; t) e" H 此外,还有其他的说法: + j! n2 P/ d! T1 x( m9 O4 y
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: & X9 Y/ _9 L+ z/ u/ P
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 5 ~! X$ B3 {1 u$ U. B7 y
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) / R3 C( x- U6 A( w3 D
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
; A: A( x, S- C0 l * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. $ O; C; d# ?' C! B
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 , d6 s$ T' ?7 [/ ]" k6 }* B
* n" }- z: S% v+ A+ f * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ' I+ z5 y# u' U
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 " v9 e& }- x" ?
8 ~. c* u. M o' _, g * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
3 g9 X, J; R7 u# q0 O0 c) u3 E: ] 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 1 k) S) R: x3 T" H1 M
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
2 e6 r0 o$ }$ P, e" M, w * Do I need a urine test? % Q' K7 Z5 r% p( }! w9 @+ s
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 b$ V* Q% ^* A3 B8 X$ Q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
" D/ a0 y) z& U2 M * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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7 W$ a$ }+ a3 D7 l7 i 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
7 t: N8 |) r" f G7 O3 Y; t+ v * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : Y+ i( d, m7 Q+ E
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; @3 V- e9 n: g, L- ~6 f. _
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# I: I7 W* e+ O * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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& b' B C" A3 r1 @9 j6 E$ v 三、解大便 ; D4 |& @/ E0 `! n ?% d! ~
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
( L, u) g2 c; A B6 k+ |5 S to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
, l: X( C3 u2 l2 f/ D/ b6 o =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: / G. H$ D8 M) |4 u
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) i5 O& W: M& k2 G5 q/ o
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
3 O" x1 ]9 h) ` f/ w+ e * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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$ X) K! d" {2 Q5 w% x% G+ H5 ^0 j! `. w 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
- |. B( @2 [5 t) j$ D * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) - r, e0 m1 Z3 F8 X! E; I
) x' W" j. ~# }5 g& n8 X 四、放屁
. r$ W2 N( S( w7 V 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 B. ~4 ]# Q, J- F7 W
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 G9 I$ i$ m9 J1 l# `& O% D 你放屁的次数很多吗?
" E ~0 _: @. F * Is the gas expelled by belching?
! d$ ]6 t0 i3 A& U, ]: f7 E9 i2 j5 \ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
% o) C5 ~3 G9 F/ L$ P7 Z0 H( @ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. - b- i" W$ W/ r9 g* x' }. z
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
& v# r# b2 M: ]& i4 U7 g) N a * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
C _9 h) C" e7 B! B# Z7 ^9 B 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
& W8 F& T& [: I) a2 k3 N9 p% e0 Q * Be careful not to fart in the public.
3 l, t& n, W+ v* O8 { l 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ; @( B9 D, Y( g6 ?$ b9 O) ?
" v3 V" o) V; i" j2 i) u8 S 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ) T, p. H7 O3 L' C2 l
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) . M7 L1 p) M. c* J* M8 J
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 4 T. Z4 U. U2 d6 B& T
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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1 B, C6 @5 i1 ^# e& [ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & E- Q0 ]. `2 b5 ^9 x) \6 O; B
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
4 r, M" l. w/ ?( d * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) q( g$ a1 w0 k% |# d
他经常便秘。) 或 5 a& x7 `7 j- m. ~3 ^1 K) L
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& o6 {5 N# M2 v8 k% d! w * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 . m. L6 j/ S4 E$ C& Z8 R
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ], W0 K4 D% |5 `: I0 n
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
* T1 Z4 J O; p6 o 他拉了一阵肚子。
& v$ h- _8 o& ]$ U: Y! m * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 6 v+ M9 W8 W8 E$ X) L
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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