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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # y2 J0 l0 K; \, {% s
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一、厕所
8 C& U& k) Y$ n; ` 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ' z) Y( y% A% y/ o
" ^9 x* F. m' L0 _& o9 c 二、解小便
W/ ~. N O- u! h& h. [# V 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ! ]4 k3 E# r, G
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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% g3 ~3 N3 U9 ~' V& R 医生或许也会问: 4 W/ ^( s; J9 O1 I ~
Do you have trouble urinating? / h& o6 [( z- I8 I% c
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ O" C3 r1 L' A" B5 m5 ^
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此外,还有其他的说法:
3 O( _% F" X+ c3 _9 k6 s to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: $ ~2 I8 @$ h6 w: Y, V1 g- ]
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
4 I M* ]+ H/ k" s7 J/ v) C * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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9 y( e3 C9 @3 u 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
6 h, A- Y6 B% ~( G" b+ Y' _ * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
0 C3 @+ ^3 ]6 M9 ]5 v 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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" B& i( `7 j/ |- F# j8 c7 W# u * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
2 H7 \3 u4 |- r 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 6 s( f4 N# @* z8 {
9 Q' j$ l7 O/ d% F: C: }& h * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
9 a; R/ ] F) S 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' Z* B( c) H# |- ]0 }" _7 L; G
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
" G @$ G$ O7 A7 ]+ t. M$ O3 @7 P * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 3 t+ w+ m$ l5 k3 k* z
* Do I need a urine test? # o% M, r9 K, N& _2 V
1 e; F9 L8 w) S 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ; X8 `, x0 d: ?! t) |" q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 0 y! N) [+ ~ y2 Z; d- I& J
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) / R L# Q# o6 Z/ R% M7 T
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 `# |) R0 X/ x5 ?3 m * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 1 p- S3 y0 C* |8 T5 C4 z1 ]
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
% C& P& ^: @: D; m * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ! l8 \8 b" G7 o4 F( v
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) # i0 \5 n5 W8 h, h3 L
1 q* d6 u% N9 R3 f( p+ \ 三、解大便 ) T+ `: W# \! N) I, q- g$ S3 L$ ~
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
3 ?$ s7 s8 K# I( [$ H, o to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
; a) L$ o7 q( g5 \ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: $ y" r* N2 `9 h! z- g
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: & B0 s) Y C; ]/ \ ^8 w. ]1 K
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
6 K, L4 }+ o1 H * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 : E7 [9 v# b2 j, y P& ^, N
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 6 S: d- ?" [# \9 J* B/ Q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
" a t5 n# q# T1 p, i' ?; D! _$ a5 h 你放屁的次数很多吗? ( _7 A0 _# n" d3 E: B! ]
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 9 q4 {: f/ H3 d) ` V# |% p
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) , c6 ?$ }2 o2 M9 A, @; U9 L: f
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. . e ?3 C, e; K6 ?* s
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
! l! e3 x* Y/ n- u4 V * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* B$ |, Q/ B; B" H& ?2 {3 k. h% l 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
3 B z( y* e. o2 G: n. M/ I# D * Be careful not to fart in the public.
" I- e+ \# C) K r5 p 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 . g: g* B) f2 k6 x# c& R7 i5 j
$ z$ d& B5 W6 v+ f& k4 Q 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
* I: Q! E9 s, L( Y8 g' \! U * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 1 q/ ^% w9 L$ n1 \ w) H9 C" U! {
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
; W/ W! T. r! n2 \! V$ F) G0 w8 j 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) % e5 L) t! ~; r6 Y
$ h6 m, [3 O0 f8 |$ T3 I; C * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 0 T( i2 k0 Y6 e5 b& `
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 6 d" U/ C" k* R. A% O, e" w' A- Y
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) - d6 Q4 h0 e) g7 Y' r) F. K
他经常便秘。) 或 8 n8 c, s' `6 T! x5 Z4 f% z3 j- H
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
]2 I2 ~3 V: X' w * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
% ]# C; d3 C1 b( V8 C * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ' e# ^. {, D3 b1 W( n! G2 w$ A0 d+ M
, `8 z! ]6 V- L * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
6 O G: r6 V8 P, U/ t 他拉了一阵肚子。
+ N U: U; A2 H5 W# a0 X/ f * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) " `, P% ?+ t7 Y$ L9 r: Y3 T4 I: h) U' z! K
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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