从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
( u6 E* M7 B, g8 F8 g
A：I like apples.

7 ]6 j0 I% {6 ]1 ^- D' @1 S7 rB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
0 i. y8 I4 i% a7 q9 ]
5 r: w3 U6 v/ o, X8 @5 @9 T  |2 \　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

5 t, `: _( o  d: u4 L1 {1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

5 P! Y  p9 S8 L8 c又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
- L: q) X, E) z4 s1 {6 ~! h0 ?
9 {) [+ T3 N; P第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

: J, C( {# c; z' t3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
3 y9 x" M! l) s
1 U; p# `& S% a( Y* S4 Y4 d4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

( B$ v7 r1 s. E8 `5 L) P8 J如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!

) _9 o( v/ C0 e( g; o0 q---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!

9 n( j  L* R) |% }Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
; d: Z) g( k/ T
. g) b2 _! b/ F4 k& m8 s- N, PDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
2 P" e/ u4 K+ S3 R  _! w) _
/ ~' ?( M2 n8 @Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
6 ^# M6 T( {8 T/ d2 o& E( T: i
# |2 C% a, L0 yDerothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
# |1 {8 v: e5 }* n3 K1 x
- S- z0 r2 ]% \% g; W5 EDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

& \# b; s- U: c# V: F- k0 }Denald: Yes, let's.
% C9 R" g: z( ?; @! P, O+ c, V, p  }7 n+ b
5 G0 m) C6 q, J) `( vDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
/ J( `3 u" P4 F% _* ~" h2 j
/ [9 D6 l( T9 j0 o1 f3 H$ ^+ \! XDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
5 z9 T+ {- t: ^2 Q0 y
$ F8 \5 ~% F4 f& F2 hDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
9 x/ t0 }5 [- d) X
; O/ m' u8 W: c  H: mDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
* d" E7 [' b, d! ]5 j. X
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
& U, i7 a- y( c! S+ ~! V, O& l/ v* l
; r! A- n! Q5 L$ g3 P/ d; T7 \6 vDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
6 s2 _0 K5 S7 O) j% D
  M# {2 \% L. W8 c2 o* q6 O8 FDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

! N; d( F; D4 L: [Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
# f& w: s  M/ N1 Y" K
Dorothy: Nor do I!
! g% }/ F4 L& W7 a3 t
( k! \5 V( w2 A0 Q7 o. u0 m* p) ODonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
9 E9 T. h+ F9 @1 x& Z. c! n2 _* ?+ [
8 o$ n' |, A" h! ?4 CDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

' D. h3 p$ \) b/ y% x* d" l( uDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
+ ~% R8 N, a  z6 f) ?0 U
: F; l# L4 H! R9 z  x  }3 |Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
" c9 `7 x! j/ e3 m) ]2 w
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.