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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士. i1 V% c" m3 h) \; [# I' [
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& M+ l/ S% g" {( L# ghttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer+ @( i+ H) }- N1 }+ v
4 Z0 I4 P' X/ a' y+ @( u/ BScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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4 S1 V1 ~9 b5 h1 `A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers./ E z, i+ w/ n
+ L$ r8 o- I+ y5 z+ J9 QThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.' I) ]. ~& Y7 }4 y* {; D+ D
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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, W+ _3 u( Z, L( q1 p3 z- ]The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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& d( Q1 O1 [9 j+ a4 p" I4 t, NTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.% V- C; z6 q4 D, b# l& _3 G
8 [% g' O) z, {* WOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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( l: r3 @, l. Z1 m5 \6 l8 @ MAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.: I' \2 i9 L' p' |" y( q8 l4 j
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.' k- z6 y* Q; L2 \$ p/ N1 J
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"/ h% @- g! M4 p; o, \" F! D
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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V1 j/ ^- y% v4 N; D- A KThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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& ~1 r5 K- W' @" q; @They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.: A+ z! \0 T0 @2 N. F2 e& h# z O
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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: O7 @8 e7 u% h9 M+ U0 G\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.+ ^4 Z1 R. b0 d2 B" o" K- h9 T
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". 8 F- c2 C, _ A% O% p& l# I" Z( k
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\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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- c: {. a+ ?( {$ N\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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