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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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& a% \9 L9 w2 H: r, y8 `It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) ; R" `, W: |, p/ r4 N( b
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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6 X5 A: V$ e5 S% m/ o) R: E4 j1 zWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)# n( z# q( a4 N7 d9 e9 m
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) / D; K3 Z3 W# Y/ W$ b* V
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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3 ]% a4 V: N3 Q& m/ ]% y* X5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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+ g( y. y3 M4 ^" |6 u' _My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)5 l8 n0 t6 T3 O1 ], b1 l) P
. m u) s5 a2 m- k% @# R9 J/ ~" e6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)& s6 D: @. `/ r. `
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译). A" T' B5 `: v9 L9 M+ h" F& h
3 j" O; Q8 P( O! v3 O3 e7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)3 f. S9 \$ o2 E7 }" b8 t& l* ]) g H
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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& `4 o9 N% P3 H2 a3 g$ Ysuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)( B! B. _8 ~0 ?* d
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love! m: h8 M/ k5 [; Q. L1 B
4 S8 o9 \/ P( L2 Qwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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- i0 [6 o" p# p1 A7 |可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。1 H' I1 O' U2 x- V- y# w
6 e* Q1 W3 K- l8 E9 W* R然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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1 p f* p1 \2 y) `5 g9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。/ c: B2 g% C5 H+ H% _9 v$ B
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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5 r5 S- X; x" ^' Q' Q2 R不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:3 a2 C$ r, a a8 J4 l
7 t- P$ A! S2 A: o11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?% s) v: g6 z) m. t$ b3 f
3 R2 o' t5 L, s0 C5 q x) uThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems2 A$ t, [& e1 G$ f! @, | C0 |0 ~3 ?
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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