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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)1 s! e* ]# p# z- |2 i8 g
( n# V' _* P& }& W6 o' z% t7 M$ oProof:
. J; h1 o6 l m% eLet n >1 be an integer - v5 V! |: |0 G& l( g4 L
Basis: (n=2)
# e: I% g9 M5 r. v* a 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
, m$ U2 ^* W$ R/ k. S6 {( X
" K% b" S" h1 n0 jInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that Q6 Y: l9 Q! V! q2 ^# L
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.6 p1 e3 o! k" v% N5 c, c/ a
' T+ \3 q3 M- |9 ~; [( \3 p7 \
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3) o$ g/ }' l% R5 I
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem( J8 u/ w& A/ p' o" C
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
4 z' a$ h6 w: A. \, z = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
/ j+ b; I! |) r. N: J& f5 i0 Y% U = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
, Y/ w9 Z3 y6 i7 a) r = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* s, H1 k, `- |- B$ }' {( V, Mby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
/ y( F7 [' w, G( lSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* e, J9 s; I# d5 w) V
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)) r0 m- ^7 w) F! A. Y
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
* O( w) _8 w& e% I4 p( |6 j2 \$ P( [3 i% ~3 m! u4 u; Q
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.+ s! m2 K4 Z3 ?+ L. f e
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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