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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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1 _4 Q6 j; C9 i, R+ |John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China; ^( U( |1 w8 u6 d8 J" z* _+ L& b
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
* U! B5 Z5 N' R0 T3 g. N# |Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.8 q `" B1 W; D
; }$ Z k, B# S( ^5 Y& |LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of; h/ U% u7 [) n% |4 k
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ }2 |3 ~. r. i
8 N( U9 p& M; f. @Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .8 _) I. u; H7 ^" ]6 Z
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
$ H# ^( L0 }: |3 ~$ n( d3 ~! KPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
; V# u# |. y4 bJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing+ S! V# u2 F `5 Z5 s, n8 {
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
" z) Q+ k. q0 O# E( ]Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* r! B9 U% t, T. G( b, x% T$ E- @5 X
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
3 ~) `" N6 Z5 U) x& J" Oonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific |4 o- W* d2 D' d9 I9 w1 S
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly, o) e9 t4 ~8 ?! b0 ^* g
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
5 D3 Q! w, @% U" A. u) utranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, [$ c" a5 {) h4 ~1 J$ X$ s
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,& }- @, }0 \/ A2 v- r8 R! s/ o
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, ]* N, w/ v/ e! e/ L2 R
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
! R: F% l; j P; n4 Fin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
8 q+ n0 @& ?8 a3 z: Ihe established had helped greatly with the popularization
7 H3 b# Y: `4 C3 O& R5 O0 u. |, Eof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
: W2 U2 G( d9 v5 l; ithe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
8 i4 i# B5 `6 a' Afor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
1 S W& t$ q1 N9 \# othat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
4 f1 B; T' o. f* T+ L* _" ygreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
; h1 z, x' {: x4 M3 L% f y6 o5 H, Lterminology.
# U! C3 x% c7 d9 m( d8 hKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;6 `0 O1 C8 V# g i, B! `; P
Standardization of terminology translation
( q) P" x5 J) r6 D8 T; I8 T) t6 ]Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
+ F) v+ q, K$ a2 S" c- ]% b( P; iStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern X* U# G- Z+ L# a# t- w
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
9 q% {7 Y1 l% `- G: Bfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
, s; k; U0 Z; a+ tDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION/ w+ A$ ]2 {: U+ Q/ Z& K
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and# [4 r2 @4 H) G# {7 B) H/ F
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).6 }* H# r/ y" Y0 }9 a; f# ~0 i
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
# m9 W8 b: Z; n# Z L, NHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of1 f5 G% U( b7 y/ \' p
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed7 c% i" k7 Z, Y% C
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as0 h2 u" q" y$ O' d- ~; R" E
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
+ D' B' l; w) ahis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-: p- }2 m9 \( g ]
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
& ^0 d h. o! U3 V L' lworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
3 @0 U K+ r8 t, u6 a6 f5 m' J! K; UFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction./ R: c4 Z0 v' f- l( t, G
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
1 C: a, N- G% x4 V) A& B8 K s, bto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, I$ a! x( I8 Q; y1 Z, @would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
; O7 m/ [9 M6 ^2 }& J. m: arevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
4 S& w& y* K6 e* t; Q/ q* B7 rFryer translated more than one hundred of Western+ m6 t9 d9 c5 x
books that made him the most productive one among the+ R1 {8 u" L3 V+ F) l! Z
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,6 Y( G# D; m% F* b
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
( S" U; ~; ~ o, m; j0 E# q3 Gnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
* z+ g6 d# Z" i; G0 N0 @6 speople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).# l2 r; W2 d" [, D; x7 ]0 W9 S$ n
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer; ?1 L, D: ?8 D* A) \5 I
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western# @* D8 _- z0 |* ?. a' H% r
science and the standardization of translated scientific4 J6 k; h$ v, y* |
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
( b0 L1 a/ X3 U# b8 E! X. G/ e9 Xmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the, |0 a& _2 L% a- W$ O
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
! l, N5 M/ [ f5 p9 q% t g5 u; ocontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
V' V J4 {' @$ k8 S0 eof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
]( H9 M2 _& RModern China.
" n( ^* ]; C1 o% RAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
# \& K$ e; `0 H a4 z4 wThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
1 r3 A& U0 k- Z$ g; ~# rtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing& _- m# U' l5 U8 M& s
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In. {. ] d6 I8 e. e2 o5 E
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and1 Q9 J7 s- |" D' }
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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