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How to figure a home's fundamental value! ?! E5 P8 s0 g( I% c8 Y# T
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.; ] I9 |, {. [7 ?8 v# c% X
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.; g$ R1 v, `4 x
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
H2 N2 x+ |! F, JSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
g% Y# O/ H) P: ^0 l% ~5 S0 VNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
, y' F. w9 f- }; B/ d. |You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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# D+ M1 d* G# Z& L% K& TIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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6 X* `3 F) c% ~& XIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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; h' }+ z4 l& R4 L Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas + C* @7 I; |) W( y h
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 0 c- i" J6 p2 @% {" t8 ^ W2 ~
Boston 20.5 30.2
+ O+ L' e( c# k2 p& ^: [San Diego 22.8 29.7
! I3 z& A) G* A: gSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
7 ^( I& \: ?+ |* bLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
2 R" R4 l0 k0 _' d) a8 [2 G& \5 {! GSeattle 20.4 25 1 o' F* l2 f" [0 i& Y
Denver 17.7 23.7
$ A( ?6 p! z" h7 A) WNew York 21.2 22.5 4 w d6 W# l0 b; x' [. x" [
Chicago 17.2 20.8
/ Y( a, U0 ~3 j$ \* @ nWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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9 q$ u, U# S( z# sIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.% |% N" R+ J4 S, {1 H0 x
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- I/ H) w) C" h) z1 c u: dFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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