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Accounting system 会计系统 2 | L# A$ u V( o
American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 * S' a) b' _+ l6 \
American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 , T! F" b8 G6 s7 W2 u
Audit 审计
5 N% t0 R- ]2 H& p" K9 l3 E+ fBalance sheet 资产负债表 , H; [* {: V O! k& A) O# I2 L
Bookkeepking 簿记
( J0 \9 v9 Z1 h# ^, f( {Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测 ' z. v! Y* v8 ^( i. l$ ?
Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书 * `1 }$ R2 G" H
Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书
$ P3 o8 v4 A* V6 ~: z5 {Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 & v2 ]* w4 M$ k2 \( s/ x
Cost accounting 成本会计 + ?/ t2 }+ I' f
External users 外部使用者
7 {0 M8 O: f+ h8 @7 U" s; SFinancial accounting 财务会计 $ m7 X6 T! G; v/ p, P1 p8 O
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 5 K$ {, {, a1 ~# V
Financial forecast 财务预测
/ ]; V. r. x" D, pGenerally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
- o# {. @# ?/ }1 u: _General-purpose information 通用目的信息 : | u( ^3 F( K; C9 D2 ~
Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 s& D/ W( a; [+ ^' d+ G* e4 @4 Q
Income statement 损益表 3 U4 _+ K" Y. o- }
Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会
) D j: u! Z+ E6 t" T1 i, xInstitute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 / W- C8 H( h& y2 p" j8 E
Integrity 整合性 # Y, |+ R5 P, ^, @) K% j) K2 {
Internal auditing 内部审计
$ k: K3 l* ~1 W( W( t0 R( MInternal control structure 内部控制结构
( S# i9 G& C: z# ?2 P/ `, N/ |7 uInternal Revenue Service 国内收入署
: y% [1 p) n2 C. A+ _; ~* s( l: l NInternal users 内部使用者 - ^3 W5 O4 F, F
Management accounting 管理会计
) N7 a2 [( j; h+ ^# C0 ]Return of investment 投资回报
2 A1 q2 v* x# \) V5 K( i* U) GReturn on investment 投资报酬
; A1 }8 { @1 q; g+ ]+ lSecurities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
3 T+ d1 w; x0 B1 w7 vStatement of cash flow 现金流量表
: d( ]7 `. X$ ]$ `' ~* B/ uStatement of financial position 财务状况表
: s" a: r: m1 TTax accounting 税务会计 ( o3 Z+ {. T& R" j0 x d
Accounting equation 会计等式
: X3 s2 v; ^* m( jArticulation 勾稽关系 * L) w5 o; Q% o/ _9 P- q
Assets 资产
2 t3 Q8 N3 ^& A! rBusiness entity 企业个体
9 H$ C0 S6 Q% `* Z2 kCapital stock 股本 4 V. E) ]* E! a* k4 |0 m
Corporation 公司 2 F V# T6 k8 ], u
Cost principle 成本原则 5 R! N7 m; D) R8 U5 Y. k$ p+ r6 H
Creditor 债权人 : h# l8 G) q3 S- j
Deflation 通货紧缩
0 b: R; \9 L: x2 t. `6 P3 CDisclosure 批露
1 f5 F& b8 Q4 C$ p, L6 Z/ WExpenses 费用 6 z& R2 Y- |: b: C: }, ?( N
Financial statement 财务报表 0 G. |" ?0 G/ j2 I% l9 \# S! n/ M( ~
Financial activities 筹资活动
( r* ~2 `; U, b* a9 BGoing-concern assumption 持续经营假设
9 K1 `& j- S* ?9 S7 ^ F- b% u) rInflation 通货膨涨
1 ?, f( I Z9 i$ ^. @4 KInvesting activities 投资活动
9 V: T: C3 ], m) nLiabilities 负债
5 I9 `% k' A+ d' g( jNegative cash flow 负现金流量
' F% Y6 k5 {2 b1 N T! V% BOperating activities 经营活动
- _* O' i' q7 N2 p8 w1 t- ^* xOwner's equity 所有者权益
! }; Q/ s9 B$ B9 M% {Partnership 合伙企业
& v1 v: i& t# h. E, QPositive cash flow 正现金流量
3 v" q+ r1 {0 j% c0 h6 hRetained earning 留存利润
# R8 J8 }7 y& A0 c8 Z+ k: [% w2 s: VRevenue 收入
& d: A( V) @' W7 V ]8 `: g) fSole proprietorship 独资企业
& I& x- G( f" d2 f* E+ tSolvency 清偿能力
1 W0 t/ v" C+ F/ l o* N2 @5 }Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设
% h9 r& [! d5 x3 k HStockholders 股东 / z3 t2 r' |0 f% t; {. j9 I i- S
Stockholders' equity 股东权益 & d( S( O& j _8 o& ^4 l
Window dressing 门面粉饰
) c4 g. }! Q) y8 VAccount 帐户 7 O) G+ O8 U+ G1 B' v
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主营业务收入 Sales / M. L( G" ]2 t: p4 e' q8 K3 a
折扣与折让 Sales discount and allowance
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产品销售收入净额 NET SALES
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主营业务成本 Cost of sales
, ?/ W1 U" V% F% P0 I& b2 g/ F主营业务税金及附加 Sales tax
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! B/ e: a5 X5 z/ u" F% E6 {主营业务利润 GROSS PROFIT 2 }9 O7 O2 `8 H( D
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其他业务利润 Other operating profit
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& f9 J3 u6 E4 a0 r1 ?8 U营业费用 Operating expenses 3 T' Q0 M9 k6 m' q6 H9 a' p4 E w/ U
管理费用 General and administrative expenses 5 y7 ^" [+ }* z5 |8 a- @
财务费用 Financial expenses
6 S# }" u) T# O6 B存货跌价损失 Loss on obsolete stocks
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) P) z8 U: C( l6 D+ T# J1 a% M营业利润 OPERATING INCOME
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投资收益 Investment income
3 M% U) f& _; V. G1 Y7 m; u补贴收入 Subsidy income ! J$ g; _3 N2 o7 F2 n5 h( n
营业外收入 Non-operating income
+ N# G3 p% O2 B2 D; o7 L营业外支出 Non-operating expenses
) f% `8 S% [1 E8 d' [以前年度损益调整 Prior year's adjustment - N( @ O4 ]3 H7 y6 T* ?
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利润总额 INCOME FOR THE YEAR
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所得税 Income tax
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+ t6 u1 }% O! l+ y( Z* N本年净利润 NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
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