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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 + l+ N5 c' i5 h! K
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$ q6 w- @8 L- K9 ~: m* Q* dCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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8 c3 S( i, R9 z8 A) vBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.( g+ t7 G0 D. Q$ S# d3 ~3 c
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
1 _ y4 B, M, t" \The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
& W3 S, x& ^7 X( PCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
, l' h! h& v6 s N5 J/ d, {The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
0 Y. C2 [% ~2 c% M5 a2 oThe country codes used are :5 U& K) \! f" r" L( r, @
- S( o' ?5 ?- S8 {CODE \COUNTRY
( o; k/ R1 |7 S" f! j8 h00-13 USA & Canada
9 ?9 ~( T+ P) W# J20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)* {3 E5 F0 C- O- a
30-37 France
- H2 Y# v7 r) i380 Bulgaria
. k4 J) o! |6 b7 q( u9 I* J6 ?383 Slovenia# Z8 c9 E1 \3 {! q! |, p: H
385 Croatia$ G# k- r" r6 y n5 v
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
/ @3 L6 J* H6 p400-440 Germany
4 Y' E3 W8 E4 a) }5 `3 B7 @45 Japan! F$ ^% j+ J/ @- t
46 Russian Federation, m }! d, \% b
471 Taiwan
# ]( a. P6 N- E% ~0 }; H7 s7 x6 Q. i474 Estonia
: K4 @1 z7 B( u9 W' @, ^475 Latvia
$ J1 b7 P0 v& C) q! @6 k476 Azerbaijan4 m* _6 [/ o1 H& a2 s5 M" v; h; |
477 Lithuania
3 r; C" A1 c9 u0 c5 a478 Uzbekistan
/ b" W; p8 l- A- x, Y8 U6 g479 Sri Lanka
* e( p& I& ~, L8 |. e480 Philippines G: H+ t' Z, I' i1 u, G' ~* ?
481 Belarus
; L/ p" E1 s* E2 W. {482 Ukraine8 f/ T8 Q1 @ P- `) H& S
484 Moldova
9 ]1 o% h* \3 D1 X485 Armenia% T1 E7 N2 u& _
486 Georgia. a, C) [9 u( S0 j
487 Kazakhstan, `+ `3 ~7 ^* B/ ^9 O
489 Hong Kong. N5 T% x& A+ d1 Q1 L5 ~
49 Japan u5 ~& E" V7 n+ {" s
50 UK1 f+ p4 K+ @4 F) K# a
520 Greece1 D2 B. ^0 D4 X6 C5 `
528 Lebanon
: {% k7 T- Q+ p) h529 Cyprus
6 W* [. U" ?! H+ p531 Macedonia. F- G6 S" c$ j( K2 J3 c0 ]8 ]
535 Malta
' a4 w/ j6 [& [! g* f, ~539 Ireland
9 X# w) T: S+ _% z4 O$ d. {5 W j54 Belgium & Luxembourg
9 n8 v7 A! M/ P7 }2 L# e560 Portugal& ?: m1 ^: S) I9 q
569 Iceland4 s" K) X* |( g: C: N
57 Denmark5 y+ T' K) l* l% e* ~5 F
590 Poland
$ f; q& S& B N+ g. u4 V* o594 Romania
* T9 P# Q! P* w. e a0 w+ j599 Hungary
! a% `- V" ~( ~5 n! o600-601 South Africa# _) K; h* p" M* K' z% R% p
609 Mauritius
0 a9 O3 w+ ]" p611 Morocco1 [6 W9 x9 O7 P1 D: P
613 Algeria3 M$ w$ H7 S: _ p( |) _
619 Tunisia2 x( J3 I% Z z5 B6 h
621 Syria/ e( \2 s& `7 _7 P/ w$ x
622 Egypt
! t6 j' Z5 }! H) F624 Libya
9 b4 P7 N7 g) s7 P7 V625 Jordan: V2 Q" h1 k0 }" T
626 Iran' y2 E$ F& H! H- W" |- ?. Y5 `
627 Kuwait& q" \; A+ V1 C) W% f* @" p. }' M4 Q
628 Saudi Arabia3 X4 Z, J" t) Q; |, r, j/ T9 N
629 United Arab Emirates/ s8 H/ t" S8 e5 {) ]
64 Finland
+ y1 f# B9 }! G+ `690-692 China3 u+ z: b u- \7 q1 c \9 q8 E! c4 {
70 Norway# E) M s9 X: T( M; v& ?- Q3 _' C# `
729 Israel' S& y; f; C* A0 \: ?
73 Sweden
; Q4 p* M0 Y% d% s! l) _2 S0 s740 Guatemala
* a( J7 k+ Z2 m: O741 El Salvador
) B0 j2 P2 a/ B. {742 Honduras
J9 C2 F# r+ q, E743 Nicaragua4 F9 A4 q* E6 c! n2 T: J
744 Costa Rica
. s4 i( f) [6 \& c' t) N' a% N745 Panama
9 j X h: Q1 I, [, g746 Dominican Republic6 o8 f0 Q3 g* q' i9 ^
750 Mexico
3 i: s0 B0 c1 o3 O, i759 Venezuela
/ [2 o$ b& E7 [: M1 o+ p# g8 i76 Switzerland
X- z2 ?" k; T5 V0 U1 f770 Colombia
9 z; v7 q( D8 u773 Uruguay
2 p9 j7 p% a4 f7 o775 Peru
% W. T/ Q4 A; X. I9 |$ O; y) o- k: t777 Bolivia% d) d/ F. i* V) y
779 Argentina
" [( F# M- I5 `2 `780 Chile
, F) t! K" S5 u4 f784 Paraguay3 s0 g1 K4 Q5 z. t B, A
785 Peru
# ~, l2 [, \) q8 Z# v$ Y3 i786 Ecuador/ J& F" Z) v/ j' v# v* P1 N/ a y
789 Brazil
" l0 A" L0 K1 W. L2 q' y9 M; X- r% x80-83 Italy
5 D5 ?) q: W0 f( X3 {3 z# t' o/ |84 Spain( ?# ~) K3 Z' v/ _
850 Cuba
6 Y1 { W3 e3 J1 Q2 s, |858 Slovakia
2 n0 X4 Z+ c) ]( f7 a* p$ Z) s! T. n- {859 Czech Republic8 d! H5 p; n0 D# [3 t+ z* x$ R
860 Serbia & Montenegro' b9 x! j T4 g6 H! s5 E! ~
869 Turkey( k9 ?* d* I1 g8 M5 E
87 Netherlands1 N0 ? Q: ?. G6 G" w: {; l
880 South Korea* v D: q2 p( G1 W( z7 F: i
885 Thailand
) v4 F7 f* E- y: y; \5 M888 Singapore* ^! @( F9 X- H) |2 G$ p, y
890 India
- Y, X' [3 ? U# d- b1 w893 Vietnam, C5 i. G* u1 M/ J' g& @' k
899 Indonesia
& w2 r4 X. g/ a90 -91 Austria/ w) J2 G) {: Q" B
93 Australia
) S! i1 A8 J, g94 New Zealand% v) ^+ u' j/ A4 Z3 D' Q
955 Malaysia
3 a4 m5 f% q* v s+ u4 y0 D* F, F958 Macau$ L. e" c; A/ V
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
- ?/ X* t6 I$ P978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)1 d: a2 {/ S3 O4 j+ j* J
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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