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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 8 S3 Z& r" b4 W, ? j* y7 U* K$ C
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& y4 ^9 b; L1 e6 A, b3 vCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?+ B2 f3 A: T) o3 p2 r& O0 M4 b
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
5 F0 r& O) Z& TBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.: B5 V9 i, b3 p9 _
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
3 C; X7 h8 W! N- T& k; ?1 ^Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
# P4 |5 @; `/ U, R9 J. }The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.. t3 T% X/ e( I& L* |: r) Z
The country codes used are :
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' E% Q: u- s! M8 A' _" cCODE \COUNTRY" b/ T" F% c1 C: j% I# m
00-13 USA & Canada% W6 @# Z: f6 Q9 C4 X, ~
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)& j6 I: A3 o# M. T- o- _3 _
30-37 France' N/ J6 |* j9 ?% n- ~$ J8 T
380 Bulgaria" e- B8 L3 s- w+ n5 p8 T; O
383 Slovenia
4 O* k2 |1 ?. I6 Y% s385 Croatia
' P# Z _+ z3 z5 ~) i! i387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
: m0 l" V$ O A9 I400-440 Germany9 ^% u# h S3 x" |) R9 E1 j7 J# z8 _
45 Japan
8 J! r k) C/ u9 h, e" J4 g46 Russian Federation% ]" G9 i" B/ l( ^- t! A+ E8 @
471 Taiwan
& c- v i: Q! A7 P$ [" ~474 Estonia8 B; h& E" u9 H7 x* Y( _# H7 ^
475 Latvia
- G% r# c# y- w( t. E476 Azerbaijan8 O/ g/ v1 L+ r* |& u/ y" a8 ?
477 Lithuania
6 a: }( V3 H4 m* H478 Uzbekistan6 N0 R; w4 a: Z7 m- t
479 Sri Lanka+ k/ _+ b3 a6 ]7 g3 G
480 Philippines4 b6 \6 g. B8 v& _* s
481 Belarus
. m x" L0 Q- W; T482 Ukraine
0 D8 I! E( h5 Z% ?$ w484 Moldova
. \/ h X* Y; C, ~4 _485 Armenia; ~- k% V. Y! V7 h" H' F
486 Georgia
/ P; m+ C; c3 Y487 Kazakhstan
$ A. n( c7 h( g! W489 Hong Kong' k1 B& B6 m: H$ d0 B
49 Japan
; ]6 M% ^: g9 X8 N! \8 Q50 UK, i5 B. |% ]* W% C
520 Greece- ?6 E) E+ o; ?* I( {5 E
528 Lebanon3 h! W. v* G9 }
529 Cyprus
- c2 U) p& A% }" e' C531 Macedonia: M4 |" w9 T( w
535 Malta6 h0 N7 \% l) K! O4 W. y6 [9 x
539 Ireland2 ` T* [4 L! ]/ O5 ^% d
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
5 ]6 [7 R' s* ^$ `560 Portugal
$ v! R% k& {! D% U1 I( u569 Iceland. h/ c2 T" H( A' g; t8 ]+ m! n2 [ `. w
57 Denmark
& Q# e* S: L$ E- N0 k$ F: z7 ~5 r; ]590 Poland
5 _" {3 \' K2 ^% s594 Romania
/ S1 P* J! z% ~- d599 Hungary
6 D9 t) J6 b9 {600-601 South Africa
' P" t2 U0 g" e( l( [) X' \609 Mauritius9 q W2 U9 x g+ ^
611 Morocco
% @; \$ V1 E% E( X8 S$ ^9 i613 Algeria
6 ~$ F8 g8 j$ J5 z# c& y4 u# R619 Tunisia0 L+ a0 |; ~) C/ B# Q
621 Syria" ]/ y7 A' G& t$ I
622 Egypt0 }1 z# t& l" }. B* `
624 Libya
8 H6 _( s' I+ H3 V625 Jordan8 G( J7 h3 U6 G' U% l: |0 |
626 Iran
2 S$ B1 d6 n7 }4 T: i' [! S627 Kuwait [9 H6 G* W* C, j' i
628 Saudi Arabia2 [7 x c9 Q5 h" f3 j1 U9 [) ?
629 United Arab Emirates
* ]7 m& O2 V. E$ r( R% k" B5 j64 Finland
: a/ K4 g+ r, W8 s690-692 China2 M; x3 N9 M1 j6 X
70 Norway
) H6 P% ]8 A' s: ~( ^! ]729 Israel G* f. n4 h# N. u
73 Sweden
5 B/ \6 P- N1 k2 ^# f7 _740 Guatemala
) S/ g' f) F2 m2 d7 u4 _* r) n741 El Salvador
9 p' l# [% s- c% t( t742 Honduras# B$ o/ N! D, {/ K! G
743 Nicaragua
3 I* |- [) {5 u( B744 Costa Rica
% t! o1 V1 }9 I$ ], Q. g4 `745 Panama# w: `4 p ]& y! V) D7 c
746 Dominican Republic( S$ m" g l) x1 F3 _2 G
750 Mexico @. d. S4 D% r% ~, }+ E, |
759 Venezuela( l& k0 q; k# T, A6 u; ?
76 Switzerland6 ?& X, @5 D( X1 o4 E
770 Colombia/ R: X7 L% b+ q( ]- \# u
773 Uruguay2 h; ~0 e7 r) S9 U, p
775 Peru
9 M+ c8 B7 g; s777 Bolivia
j% s" x4 ?9 E5 g. ~% t779 Argentina
- A; D: i7 z' L8 j9 R* r780 Chile
( _ w* r' I& G/ t% \784 Paraguay
7 ~/ {) Q0 c7 Y3 f785 Peru
! a$ l* r& t- ?' j: E }* y786 Ecuador7 F: N- [& j+ G8 f( Y8 I* m
789 Brazil: s# M! L! m) {! p
80-83 Italy
' h, a: ~! C! j& U9 s/ u& ]84 Spain
9 w; }" ]3 o6 I1 D b850 Cuba. `; D5 c @ d/ @6 B1 J
858 Slovakia1 M( H$ g9 \# ?. \$ P: U
859 Czech Republic; Q+ F- g% d9 Z; ]. f
860 Serbia & Montenegro
( [& {8 ~4 Q7 u+ Q# J; Q869 Turkey
- l5 q/ d9 E) y87 Netherlands
; x$ o" u; [9 _- D$ R; \0 b880 South Korea
: W1 `8 K8 q- l+ b9 k885 Thailand
: w8 B, t5 ^% h# M888 Singapore
2 k! a8 z! F- }5 ]4 B890 India0 f4 `; W, A2 x
893 Vietnam3 H& b8 G2 T3 J/ T9 W- X7 J8 ]% c
899 Indonesia
2 A7 c* B0 b" C8 i/ X2 j90 -91 Austria+ Q8 w G3 \0 Q: ]0 [
93 Australia& x8 B8 G/ T) s$ A
94 New Zealand& C( U5 f5 b5 X D* G! R
955 Malaysia; X0 G' \0 }4 r1 z1 w6 O
958 Macau" V. _2 o4 ~( M' \. f- m& m
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)* v5 _1 k) o4 \) I- ?" A6 O2 v# G
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
4 T- W' `% C6 r979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)" P4 \0 k) C) Y1 |; U' L
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm; E3 e4 v; q: ~. T
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