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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # f# F5 C! P: d8 K2 U
/ [# t1 h( c4 a/ c1 e4 f. b 一、厕所 ) O# T# d/ G0 y" ^# e9 _; p5 V) D) y
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 & Z. u4 a8 v7 \2 L6 G
' O$ F7 @5 p! N. O8 v7 }2 H( d 二、解小便 + N/ m: B' _; D% m" z
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
+ }& k# \& S# e Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
. k6 s+ k1 ]2 g7 H8 f9 } Do you have trouble urinating?
7 T) W: l% l* |/ _) F3 m =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) G$ G. L' o5 C; B; q# v/ y/ Z; O }( D
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此外,还有其他的说法: ' H0 e( V- k4 k0 x* e3 v: V7 X
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
0 a0 \4 @& S# B/ T8 u( x# Z * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
, F, L8 `! r, M( _6 X* o * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) . l% j' X$ H' l$ D |! I: `1 l: _6 D
* V. }% R; `0 P2 c 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 V$ c" d0 K K& A
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
) V. c, v$ A1 D 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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3 ^4 ~, ~+ L7 K! `/ G * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 4 K$ k, o: y* x1 w( ~$ D; G; P
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 + G4 ]/ ^/ `5 b1 |
6 i' s+ a+ e6 t * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ; G' F$ k9 M! C% z
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ! @+ j' a; B! o5 U
) w. k* P! e( l% F z 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ) B1 M# f8 \2 m& f2 A$ @
* The boy needs to pee. " s- v4 V. K C6 ~% @& [: ~
* d5 M, q' Z% h- z8 C7 |% X7 D 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: , t5 _# a7 S1 {: J8 F8 W, L
* Do I need a urine test? 3 g v5 e% ?1 L f: a0 y
2 z$ h. m% y2 L4 \( U& a0 n 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: $ O: U0 V8 a) h+ I- h) g+ R8 I
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
) M; P- a! C" @: U * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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" ^4 ]8 E: Z% D% Q4 a 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 W9 `/ N7 ^/ U8 a# x * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
! q, Y7 n; Y7 Y* A4 |9 B * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 6 E* |6 M# C# j9 P+ s% B- Z0 f
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
. I! v8 b: a9 p) ^* H& Q' p * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 : I* s# `$ [( h- ~8 ^
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: - G& d" g5 F9 W. t+ z
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
! X3 i% a- c+ y R& x =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
/ J2 h4 w3 Z1 M- J- P5 K * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) w2 U6 G* ], V' a) ?; U: _
l% H3 j6 F$ [4 d% a 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
+ s6 p# U4 Q1 B * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) & h7 u+ B, m* p+ a7 }
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: * [( E9 e& ^/ \! O. r. Q
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 2 |3 E, a) X" A7 j4 x l2 M: E0 c4 m
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四、放屁
, c$ w% o( a* z1 A e9 m 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: - v z: u" Y9 f7 k. ~5 [5 d/ Q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, z2 p/ o1 m# t) a: E& a3 @ 你放屁的次数很多吗?
5 p) | ?# q U * Is the gas expelled by belching? - c. O2 ?& [* Y* Y" n( ]* V
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / ]2 x3 o2 Z$ u0 C& `/ l) c4 H
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ( E) j/ ?: @9 T" w! K
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 4 {' x0 ^! ?& S+ ?' t
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ) _1 r2 n4 G- i9 N+ B
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 0 Z7 V. {" q X) ~6 U: `" ^
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 2 A9 `3 n8 X- L- E. f J
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: . x9 o5 J p! k* J
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 9 W9 W/ R5 {0 I! d
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ' f7 M# ~ M Q
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) $ @. o( L1 P- h e' l9 l' p
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. + ]: O8 Z& ?3 ]# g
胃不舒服有两星期了。) $ c) R! A3 e( ^+ ^
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 Q1 t# { ~& y# l& z* A0 n
他经常便秘。) 或 + \% q2 `: b3 [- C, e" C
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
- S! e2 Q0 R! h* l! ~ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 6 ^, \1 k5 r X) H" b0 E1 C
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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; a8 T5 U& o; o- r& L; g% ^ k/ ]7 R \ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
/ G, I, G- X, M4 ?, F; x4 ] 他拉了一阵肚子。
8 B. m0 N% a. @4 }' ~ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
7 R' [/ G% d& f( a% c 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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