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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 9 U8 \- `3 n. I( g7 G: E
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一、厕所 % A. @4 F! X! y) E
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 - o$ Q3 C R- {; m
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ( R& s; w6 a2 z0 [+ I$ w/ L
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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% F5 ^- w" `9 [9 t' B 医生或许也会问: ) u" o4 K3 ]& W C5 d! g- c& H1 ~
Do you have trouble urinating?
: D* w, E! g$ L% E5 z' m =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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' y: @& Q/ M3 @ 此外,还有其他的说法: ) z% U6 j& ]; t% F: z
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: $ S0 T- _9 u- ?6 D& M4 ~
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
- }0 g: [% ?2 z& [ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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0 L9 K$ o7 m( [7 q, t& w8 d% b 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: - c8 I, K: q; X* q6 c
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
& _5 w% Y/ O! {2 r+ W 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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& b, l# _' s! r9 S1 } * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
3 \4 D2 P# ~& k3 g: ~0 n: J2 W! z9 s 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 1 X" r, W4 h; m9 e. n
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
! a% I9 K/ H C' ?$ n8 Z7 r" X 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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1 h/ {5 Q3 Q- @5 t! I& K+ ]1 ~ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
* D8 f3 ~: o( y2 o0 Q! x * The boy needs to pee. 1 V' ~, z2 l7 R6 u3 f5 `& ]
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
6 ~! ^( R4 v' t * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 e F) W S& O0 J# K9 Q' P * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
7 V" \- h W4 w/ y% \ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
& Y' \6 f! M* `- \& i P5 \ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 R. Z( y/ q+ k( D3 I S+ u7 w
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
8 `. }+ A: g5 Q7 U/ h * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
, q; e: s# N: v5 h6 b8 l0 v( r# s * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 5 R0 ?% T k, O
" @, g& X4 h: k& {2 M# Z 三、解大便
( F& S1 Z0 |. q# F. U, M' P6 S 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: l" z! s0 _- P% w
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
/ ?4 `3 B# e5 A: t =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 8 v7 R9 b2 X1 h- |/ k' p! Q
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) : i3 O/ ^3 y$ N4 B
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 2 D- a5 n( x$ F) P" y( f7 z% ?6 W/ G
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / F) P& p( A8 H$ u$ x4 p6 h: @
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
8 g6 a" |$ h Q0 g$ } * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ! K9 T7 p. l2 V7 p
3 B$ R* g$ z- `( f, c( G- B, { 四、放屁
4 o- R; W7 A: s2 _8 \3 \6 Z 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: / t2 n' [" L( ~/ f t
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ' f4 b, _0 w" m
你放屁的次数很多吗?
" i! x2 R- ]" m * Is the gas expelled by belching? $ R: `0 V) a) p0 S
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
! N/ O$ y& |3 f i * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
2 e, {& D) H2 z! l. H* c' e% o" z 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
- ]2 T4 {4 ^8 n* v1 R, Q- B2 e * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
/ Q4 D; P/ J9 m 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 % s9 u, j8 R" o- s+ H$ ]; M
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 N3 ^9 H/ q( @# @
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 7 B5 i8 A0 h7 O- ^1 H
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
- g- y+ [- `: l/ Z * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
3 l0 B& H0 f8 l, O2 R* e4 h = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
. l# q3 R) z* b1 d4 x# f7 w# v1 t9 v 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 2 x9 x4 {' ^ M5 f
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. % @% W! Q) }3 v! z# V0 l
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
9 _8 B) U1 [2 `1 r0 Z3 c * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
( K9 b) z- p( v9 }! ? \" I- X 他经常便秘。) 或
7 D* E! S% b; h' w1 R9 b8 R* f * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ! w+ d2 P2 k' i) L9 x
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ' q5 u1 L- y6 s: }( x7 K o" w
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ' D/ u. _$ W( c. j
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. * B, `* g7 U6 N% @
他拉了一阵肚子。 . D# c( S. `" d8 ]% r& G
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) / m! h( V* H; t$ m+ w# h3 ]
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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