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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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# x$ `( q0 E R, X2 ] l3 b! r 一、厕所
- N3 v& y: [4 y# a 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 % B% g. n) K. h o/ f W+ Q
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二、解小便 : _: |0 U7 w( y+ h7 Y- E8 Y
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: * j: l! r( Q, C6 w/ ]$ ]; d4 A
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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+ K2 ]- f1 _6 @3 k' q 医生或许也会问: & e6 V! C4 Q: x! c0 C3 K" k) F) ?/ T$ l' j
Do you have trouble urinating? 5 E* c8 w+ L# H: e
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ' g; @) n; o- [! O) r& G! d/ J% h
+ z8 H+ e2 o1 {: U 此外,还有其他的说法: # _! s( Y/ p2 `7 Z
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) V' r) a9 V4 Z s' q: S/ S8 g
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. % G$ w7 q. ^3 o1 J$ h) G
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 5 c) |, @7 p2 ~/ X& u
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
# T1 o) s; D0 V1 `9 w$ t/ V 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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4 z7 f9 g' i& `9 B" D8 C+ j * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ( G( i7 J8 V3 N+ ` T3 A4 o' r
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 1 q1 p8 p: x4 R: m- D
5 N' a+ p2 v6 D. J# Q9 T * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
1 N1 e- H f+ J# R7 D) U- L( ]( M 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 6 f6 J. |; }! W `' J
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
8 u1 p! M& N- e* M5 M- N * Do I need a urine test? $ H( k2 t& @! a' b9 p
, l! P5 H' |2 {+ x) k/ ~3 O 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
2 X+ X; S% _5 c/ { * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
. E0 f/ C8 J8 l# x/ Z * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 3 v; x ?6 I e) N5 K0 P6 {
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 0 A1 }! U" W2 P
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 6 s- \3 `$ j, I
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
. C. R `& c5 I2 K; j" _6 C( p6 V! h. _ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 6 a* O8 z" `7 q: |; s
# f2 k+ Z6 k p% J/ s: g; ^9 ^* Z 三、解大便
" ~* R7 `6 Z, { 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
* j" p- F" y2 z* ~$ n4 w to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 8 i! ?: G8 E4 q
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 a R I: }6 C2 z" Z; n, }9 } * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) $ f! g. f: J9 `' @ J6 K( G
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
+ m* U# {* G0 `% I) J5 U2 s: v8 f * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ( @- Z. r: g9 u. Z9 i' ~; Y
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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$ ?; Z0 x' w3 x/ A 四、放屁 : i4 W0 G j0 U! _ K
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ; f2 E. p$ @! n
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 8 ^4 U* @; E ]- K) P1 q) F
你放屁的次数很多吗?
# X: e7 q$ O5 \ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
# K: a( m7 `; d4 S- A 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
$ _9 B' }2 F' Y+ S" s1 o * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
' d3 M8 i3 K7 t3 I9 q6 Q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 " b. Y+ F9 ]) C+ N p3 Q, R
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ b" h3 @: Z/ S- ~
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
6 C# f, @! F8 |7 `. O * Be careful not to fart in the public.
. u" o/ b/ J1 `8 J$ d 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! }1 x8 E4 n% d6 X# r, Z; @& Q 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ( W8 V. C5 | {1 _/ ?% M
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 0 i" z5 ?# U( c; G* y1 p
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 6 b- H+ c" x' w3 D1 _2 Q% [. E
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ' Y4 p) b. \* P" W) {
) M* C# M! T: D$ A! N0 _4 Z5 e * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 4 X$ g1 l8 c) ^) O5 V* J
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
; m7 [& |' }1 g, z5 A4 F2 X0 Z# x * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
0 ]/ I) q }5 A5 ]+ v 他经常便秘。) 或
. G. O9 i% E, u1 J1 V * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 7 ~- Q/ s6 G8 A0 x
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
5 B1 p: o& R. b * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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1 j3 o: I% _, C$ E# _, v4 l2 U * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 1 w3 G$ |+ a) K! z- V! c
他拉了一阵肚子。
* a* g L0 e( R' s1 R# Y0 L * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 4 b% s' F, K7 R3 |, ]
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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