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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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$ ^, }# z, D3 L: m) V' i, W 一、厕所
8 E1 M5 z" o( T/ B' {( { 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - Q8 ^3 }+ _7 x- ~- i- L- u
- S, h! r' U" S: q; t$ w 二、解小便 : N0 R% p; T& A+ c' X) g
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
2 G/ j9 o/ E: I% Z Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 8 |4 z4 A1 {$ M% o7 f$ s
0 q4 n& w$ d6 G$ J" t! ^ 医生或许也会问:
! `! l' u8 Q9 K3 h- E0 q! U% z" g Do you have trouble urinating? T2 O' I* _# b$ L9 t* M7 q/ j
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
1 E6 Y' x3 U* T; E; w7 q to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
+ a( O1 v4 }9 @) S8 l$ k8 ^2 U * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. $ x) p, V/ D# X3 H
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 8 g- V% \0 L$ }
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 7 q& I, O3 }* F6 }0 b
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. + j) q8 f/ k. u$ D0 V
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 0 M& X+ }# X# P" P L! Y5 }
; \( r5 j/ h& i! l3 ]1 I * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 3 `$ [+ ]- {* Y' L+ g& o) q& `
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 3 M4 z4 G. x3 D7 h! T( |, E
4 k8 }7 F( i) w! l* g 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: - ]+ S8 P% H9 _1 W& T. M
* The boy needs to pee. 7 k/ l+ w. Y' L% Z
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 2 \* S. ?1 l, w
* Do I need a urine test?
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! C8 v1 v5 b+ B) `5 q/ b, Y8 K- Y 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
! `, S& M4 @2 k7 Q% t$ s$ a * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ' h9 q6 p( T$ f& j
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
8 N7 m; E& o3 R/ ?" n: q * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
+ O3 ]% k! ?6 W) Y2 B * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) , n& _4 Z- z. }2 I) r' K4 y$ w) }3 [
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) % {. }6 x1 F; S( B, X+ E) C/ d
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 9 n# D7 z/ E1 l6 o
3 E2 X8 `& r( E8 I 三、解大便 - L2 d- E: w2 X/ U) @
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: L) d" r: M1 s+ _: {: \' w to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) * \, H9 T8 R" P& ?6 f
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: . V, G% K+ V7 }# L9 z% p0 d$ p, T+ w
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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* {8 ^2 p! H; b8 r" t; i! o% E7 N# a 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: % \0 P$ w& i$ w5 T" ?2 l! [! n9 v) H
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: + j) S6 K) E! m& ~0 Q5 a6 F
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) $ r8 h: w$ m g- w6 m
& T& J% H/ [4 H" b0 x 四、放屁 2 u& b0 c! r7 s3 c
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
' M+ \. A0 n+ L How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 2 }/ ^+ {3 K' ]' S# p
你放屁的次数很多吗?
0 Y- V; s7 ]- S1 b" ^ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
0 B6 N8 X- x3 _% Z6 I8 } 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) " F# f/ k% P K# ?! f. E
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
5 G$ S; t+ k# z9 _ 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ; @, @- h+ z5 R: a1 |8 s5 W4 E+ S% e
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
0 P& F, N# \/ s+ I, Y A7 i. Z 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 1 ?1 \2 E. ?7 A7 u, c [0 c
* Be careful not to fart in the public. $ l7 y$ U9 T6 | _
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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9 k( V" z' ]' s0 p- i. e9 m# R* y! I 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: * Q5 E {: k6 q5 v( G
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 1 K6 {, b* j9 F/ l4 p
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 3 [* @8 o4 p" b% l( P% c
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
8 [1 }" b" _7 o6 T 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
/ H! @9 F6 W) e, h9 W: |* d X * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
& x2 R( _5 |9 T* F 他经常便秘。) 或 2 Q' }" J6 s. s+ g
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
- ` L o. I8 g% {3 {: a * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
3 _& z: [9 } G( G( o8 m0 r * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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[- e8 |; V0 C. P$ U * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
7 n. S+ @6 [1 _! [/ J- W% R( I 他拉了一阵肚子。
|* J l2 h& A* ~$ Y& D& q * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) : f- _5 i* o0 P9 p P" j( {
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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