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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! . S. s# S; L" s
3 \& F9 {$ @1 i$ e0 M 一、厕所
& z$ ]" M' ~0 q1 X* t 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - s' X+ b G% R$ s/ }: y
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二、解小便 / {9 @# N% Q- X8 g2 u
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 K1 v- G3 b% Y2 I Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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1 E- Q. e* f. e 医生或许也会问: 8 ]' f6 v* n, v, f5 l
Do you have trouble urinating? ' d: C. X/ [4 H: M. D9 Y- v, E7 }
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
# Y# M, U: d! @( S to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
7 v, K8 l0 @+ `" y6 v * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 1 ^. |) P, t+ Y/ j/ d0 i$ w1 J
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 4 Q2 _5 r: Q+ V% V9 v/ D1 q
8 ^2 D) z9 G% }1 { K0 p 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
- {1 m' y9 m$ K% j * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 1 e8 q3 W8 R5 o9 T/ j z$ H$ L
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 1 w ]0 n! B$ Y* d5 g" `- {: j, Z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 5 B) a) [: y9 U$ G( J9 r0 s; d0 A8 p( x
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
6 L x) {2 S h: T5 w 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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0 D) [- [" f* p6 B9 M* A3 r0 f 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
6 \$ |6 j/ o$ q# B% ?; P: O * The boy needs to pee.
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' |# m; H* Y$ n' O4 y, T 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: " S. k7 I6 q2 I( o' T
* Do I need a urine test? + Z5 o& T: y/ a- l+ @
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
1 m0 }% W A& A. a; {+ e. A( Q i * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
0 M0 Y5 r: Y* }1 q * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: & i- t; A1 _9 `, y2 N9 B
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 M: _" V/ E" U
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
, ^" \" o$ k# P7 @4 H; l * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
2 H& r/ v9 o' i, t3 q1 t5 N7 ] * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 8 o+ \- [- _) z+ Q" N6 Y
* e# \ F b( N5 ]6 z* ^' _0 p 三、解大便 + ~# i4 P( Z: O' m( }$ t+ f
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: S7 C( Z6 g" Y; d2 J, W( N, m to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
4 C, U7 h# H# B9 }& J1 R) H =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: + w0 `( c0 q/ c
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 7 l7 V/ _' o& f; B7 `! W9 `
# k+ G# Z0 o" b$ ]" e/ ] 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 J. \% ?- `* ^1 G9 y/ p
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 9 i0 D3 i% A1 D0 i7 v$ K
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
' R8 s2 L" G L2 c5 R * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 / q. F1 F8 E" ~) o/ [$ d- t
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , C# _9 W7 A; G% z, V4 o: w: ^* k6 q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? $ T3 Z3 ^& [6 ?4 b% h- |
你放屁的次数很多吗?
: o1 s2 S. b7 ] H2 f4 H# q+ a * Is the gas expelled by belching?
' K: C0 I: h3 G H; {2 F 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) # R) ]) ^+ T- S- `4 }' U; D
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
1 h9 y: V! G! Z 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + v5 k; Q' n3 ~ \" Z- G
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
5 }# a) D: V' o4 N6 }2 S& U4 A 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 - [$ K1 P- g9 R1 U$ f, a
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
2 E+ g; m2 O2 a4 z1 Z. E 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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4 Q9 Q" D; J1 {8 k3 }$ f6 q9 f( V) t 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
$ O: A$ G/ h# j, [$ ~8 K' O * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) / Y/ ~7 N2 `8 I! R9 i
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. & C9 L6 K7 P' w- `/ L
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 9 c; J$ v1 t2 A% Z; P% b: {
0 U5 r/ u+ u5 O- H * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
( ?6 l! w% m$ n) ]& R 胃不舒服有两星期了。) $ r7 w7 z: ~1 d" h6 s2 C3 K2 r# O- i
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
+ P, @7 e. t0 f/ b8 W 他经常便秘。) 或
1 r* v9 y) s1 y7 Y. [ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 0 A6 z S; Q7 z
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 $ r( j" I, E& P! B8 { f
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. + i4 ^9 `9 i" C, b/ H
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. % Z. t+ c. m+ S/ V( Y* B* F! h. U! T
他拉了一阵肚子。 5 D }; [$ j+ a& E" x( f0 u
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 9 j% B+ H* R' Y9 e
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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