从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
' S! Q  L# I. Y; u例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
# n8 ?$ W1 @1 X+ M4 q- R2 r4 C
A：I like apples.

# ^4 q6 b/ i1 y0 W7 uB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
# u; O0 O3 N. q: z% Q5 G5 f
& j1 v* _* u4 O+ R+ U　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
* ]  b! g; J- \( _
0 A7 Y- H: ~, P6 o+ ]本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

. n( {2 A, q$ \4 {$ a& ]2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
( R: i& i( W/ G0 v3 O: R4 \
第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
, f' N) W5 B' k5 H8 q  \9 b7 Q" A
' E/ j+ _3 n( i第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

& _1 w1 J  r/ F# c( h3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
) {  D+ O6 H2 W# |4 ~: Z# V. {3 \
2 u( D3 p! d' D3 ]$ Q$ D% A: v) |4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
; U1 g9 R; w/ _( M
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

% S" i- |; |& J" Y2 ]) P8 L3 @---Nor it is!
9 p# _, o. q! U/ Z% k$ G; z
( s' q4 W+ A: g+ n; g5 |& e8 n6 bThis cup hasn't got a handle!

' G" E# W6 ?3 u/ ^---Nor it has!

1 P" B+ d0 y0 ^! z! ^四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!

' }+ h/ c5 J3 h: v3 N# n* IDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
) M4 q2 y  C6 C+ X# L
( Y! A4 G# s: p# a* F, w2 q' ?Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
. _. @. Q; P- W' s" N0 p4 H: O
8 o% f- l+ \& [Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

, @# L9 _( ?: X' k% U! {+ UDerothy: So we can.
4 H) z: @9 X1 J7 h, x" u9 Q
Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
; M4 I; r2 G1 v1 |2 I* j, o( O% [
Denald: Yes, let's.
" o$ B0 u" ~3 U) I0 _4 |9 Y
+ l9 v8 T# ?0 Y0 DDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
; v9 u. y- F. x7 }0 x8 C/ h
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
7 {% g( A7 ]7 x; R' y( h3 d( N
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
+ _3 }* U' C  j6 _# j, E) m
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

; H0 E" @# C, I1 m. {2 @Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.

) h2 ]9 J  O/ [, [" |Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

" w4 ~, b; t3 i6 M4 xDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

6 V. d% ]* ]' i1 K) Z: mDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
" [& z# e# w/ l3 R
Dorothy: Nor do I!
4 r5 F5 @; Y. q! @: w. F% w% ]
2 P4 X/ N- L( |, ]/ i# Q# {, Y2 GDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
1 ?: t* q/ m$ X0 f- o* ]
% a, x! F7 y, jDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
$ G: f# s" n8 d( ]0 x! K
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
0 Q5 L# z* V: `) t7 s4 R0 Y
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
8 Z7 I: w: H8 E7 M
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
; P9 W! t* h; b- Y) ]$ t6 G
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
' o/ A! d; ^. V( u0 V2 P
. i3 a! A; D# n2 u5 v6 h1 zDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.