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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士5 r. R7 @# @, t+ \; X
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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/ F4 @( U% `# F7 Y7 H: k4 x22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer: N1 ^% } H, z1 ?" z' {3 {, Q; ~
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas7 w7 z; C) v' E% _0 L! ^
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.: I) n( m! L5 g# }' H
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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0 ]7 Q V4 c F6 t, c7 k( N. iThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.3 U6 r- ~" }" s
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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5 ~# ]% m7 Y+ O8 mThe team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.1 O# j1 J4 ]5 P( c$ R
% |' k' w: k( V! [. x# }Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.8 p4 ? A# ?# h$ k7 W- T+ a0 ?
2 M+ f. g) v/ h3 G6 q) c9 w+ ]One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.7 f) C, B' C7 }4 {) @7 U. h
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At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another. F! [* j8 A, W: m! v# X
* P% `) i k. L: W\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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* n3 |; e; n, H1 i' I\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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- |9 o7 T( U; \1 j% ^\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"% m9 S: n% j0 X0 T1 n: q2 g
; i9 i: B V* J1 ?& V! l3 DDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category." B1 ~4 p, _. Y8 a4 @6 E8 t; N5 {
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They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.0 {' t" V, s# l& F
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.; x/ i, k$ X/ m2 F+ }. j2 x
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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5 \" u# P4 m7 [$ [- Y J6 m\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.7 `. y: b0 h( ~1 B
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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